Economic Studies-Mphil Thesishttp://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/15902024-03-29T00:27:49Z2024-03-29T00:27:49ZA study of youth unemployment and Labour force participation in OdishaPattayat, Shiba Shankarhttp://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/26232024-01-18T11:05:13Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZA study of youth unemployment and Labour force participation in Odisha
Pattayat, Shiba Shankar
This study attempts to explore the recent trends and patterns of youth unemployment, sectoral employment patterns and the factors influencing youth labour force participation in Odisha. This study also attempts to project the size and composition of labour force and sectoral employments by 2019-2020 to know the size of demand-supply gap and hence to suggest appropriate policy measures. This study is based on both secondary and primary data. The major sources of secondary data are NSS (various rounds) and Census of India. NSS data is used to calculate various development statistics, whereas census population data is used to adjust the NSS estimates and obtain absolute figures. Moreover, a primary survey is conducted in Balasore district of Odisha to explore the employability pattern of ITI pass-outs. The major findings of the study suggest that youth unemployment is increasing over the last three decades in Odisha. It is high among the students who passed the secondary and above level of education. The unemployment rate among ITI pass-outs is also quite high. The unemployment rate among ITI pass-outs is higher than that of general education pass outs. The falling trend of agriculture employment due to mechanisation on one hand and non-availability of jobs in industry and service sectors on the other hand are responsible for high unemployment in Odisha. Within non-farm sector, the sub sectors like construction, labour intensive manufacturing (basic and fabricated metal, plastic products food and beverages, wood and paper products, and textile and apparel) and within service sector, subsectors like arts and entertainment, retail trade, transportation and storage, and education are deriving employment growth in recent years. vi Furthermore, this study finds that poverty and household income distress are playing an important role in the process of youth labour force participation in Odisha From the demand and supply projection of labour force, it can be concluded that the demand for labour would increase by (at most in the best possible scenario) by 4.5 lakhs per annum, whereas the supply of labour would likely to increase by 6.5 lakhs per annum. Hence, a gap of 2 lakhs per annum would be generated within labour market in Odisha. Therefore, in this context, it is suggested that the policy measure that focuses on growth of manufacturing sector along with development of social sector including education and health sectors would have greater potential for generating employment opportunities. And thereby it would help sustain the growth of jobs and the structural transformation process which started during 2004-05 in Odisha.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZStructural Changes and Pattern of Agricultural
Development in KeralaV.P. Sanithahttp://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/19722024-01-18T11:05:35Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZStructural Changes and Pattern of Agricultural
Development in Kerala
V.P. Sanitha
Structural transformation is a process by which the relative importance of different
sectors and activities of an economy changes over time. The Kerala economy is
also undergoing the transformation from traditional backward agrarian economy to
a modern service sector led economy. The significance of the present study lies in
the fact that the whole process of structural transformation of the Kerala economy
has not so far been addressed in a detailed and comprehensive manner in the
earlier studies. No specific attempt has been made to relate the pattern of
agricultural development with the structural transformations in the Kerala economy.
In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the structural changes and
growth performance and pattern of agricultural development in Kerala economy.
The study mainly covers a period of 1980-81 to 2010-11. The study has found that
the share of primary sector in GSDP has declined sharply, but the corresponding
decline in employment share has not taken place. Moreover, the excess labour force
has moved from primary sector to secondary sector, thus causing abundance in
secondary sector and there was only a meager increase in share of income from
secondary sector in GSDP. The share of income from services sector in GSDP has
increased sharply, but it failed to register a sharp increase in employment. Thus, it
follows that Kerala did not experience a sequential growth process (as propounded
by structural change growth theories) as the service sector led growth did not
provide employment matching with its income and the process of industrialization
failed to take off as share of income from secondary sector did not commensurate
with the level of employment in the sector.
The changes in land use pattern in Kerala were unprecedented during the past
decades in terms of deforestation, increase in area as current fallow, increase in
area under non-agricultural land, decrease in both net area sown and gross cropped
area resulting in decline in cropping intensity. Irrigation intensity of only 20 per cent
points that about 80 per cent of the cropped area is rain-fed. Kerala witnessed shift
in the copping pattern in favour of non-food crops at the expense of food crops as
crops such as pulses, rice, tapioca, cashewnut, ginger were replaced by commercial
cash crops like rubber and coconut. The declining cultivable area, predominance of
tiny and fragmented holdings, decline in work force in terms of reduction in
agricultural labour and cultivator has made farming more vulnerable. Finally, the
study has suggested some policy suggestions such as training to labour moved to
secondary sector, keeping a check on the area under food crops, bringing more
area under assured irrigation, strict law enforcing mechanism to avoid unnecessary
conversion of agricultural land to non-farming activities, creation of ‘Labour Banks’
to revive agricultural economy of the Kerala.
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZFlow of Institutional Credit in Indian Agriculture: Growth and Performance.Kaur, Pushpinderhttp://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/19712024-01-18T11:05:33Z2015-01-01T00:00:00ZFlow of Institutional Credit in Indian Agriculture: Growth and Performance.
Kaur, Pushpinder
Institutional credit plays an important role in agricultural development as it enables the farmers to undertake new investments and/or use of modern agricultural technologies for enhancing agricultural production. The emphasis on the institutional credit is being placed since the beginning of planned development era in India. As a result, several institutional agencies such as cooperatives, regional rural banks (RRBs), scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) etc. are involved in disbursement of short and long term institutional credit. Besides, acceptance of Rural Credit Survey Committee Report (1954), nationalization of major commercial banks (1969 and 1980), establishment of RRBs (1975), establishment of National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) (1982), the financial sector reforms (1991 onwards) etc. led to manifold increase in the flow of institutional credit in agriculture. Similarly, during post reform period, Special Agricultural Credit Plan (1994-95), initiating of Kisan Credit Cards (KCCs) (1998-99), and Doubling Agricultural Credit Plan within three years (2004) placed emphasis on increase flow of institutional credit. No doubt, these policy level changes have increased flow of institutional credit for agriculture, but many
changes have also taken place among the various institutional sources in
distribution of agricultural credit. It is also argued that large chunk of institutional
credit has gone to those states, where green revolution took place and states have
higher agricultural productivities than lower productivity states. The study is a step
in this direction to examine the growth and pattern in flow of institutional credit in
Indian agriculture by various agencies. The study is mainly based on various
secondary data sources such as Handbook of Statistics of Indian Economy
published by the Reserve Bank of India, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance,
Economic Survey of India, etc. during 1980-81 to 2011-12. The structure of the
sources of credit has witnessed a clear shift in favor of commercial banks. The
share of investment credit in total credit has also declined, which may restrict the
agricultural sector to realize its full potential. The study also points that institutional
credit delivery to the agriculture sector still continues to be inadequate as about
30% of credit is financed by non-institutional agencies, which includes money
lenders. SCBs are still hesitant to disburse agricultural credit to small and marginal
farmers. There also exist large inter-state variations in distribution of agricultural
credit per hectare and KCCs. Finally, the study concludes that efficiency in the
credit delivery system in rural areas should be improved by revamping cooperative
credit structure. Also, concerted efforts should also be made to increase the flow
of indirect institutional credit for development of infrastructures such as irrigation,
electricity, marketing, storage, extension services, etc which will go a long way in
improving the productivity of the agricultural sector.
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZIndia UK Bilateral Trade: Trends, Patterns and Prospects.Bhardwaj, Mandeephttp://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/16232024-01-18T11:05:34Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZIndia UK Bilateral Trade: Trends, Patterns and Prospects.
Bhardwaj, Mandeep
International trade acts as an important mean which contributes significantly to economic growth by opening domestic economy to the global level (Sun & Heshmati, 2010). Recently, the trend of South-South and North-North trade agreement has shown a changing landscape towards a North-South agreement. India has shown keen interest to have large global access by setting up its policy covering east as India- ASEAN FTA, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and India-EU FTA is under negotiation process since 2007. Now, BREXIT i.e. U.K exit from EU on 23rd of June 2016, has put before India one of the biggest opportunity to form FTA between India -U.K so as to enhance the trade and make their relation strong. The use of various indices in the study has shown that the trade competitiveness between India and U.K, supports Free Trade Agreement. As of Trade Complementarity and Trade Similarity Index has shown that both the nations have high complementarity in their trade pattern while dissimilarity in their export in the third country which will enhance the trade if FTA is signed between both the countries. For, the SMART Model analysis, it has been found that India would stand benefit when trade alone with United Kingdom than with European Union (excluding U.K) and India gains more with the United Kingdom under full liberalization than restricted trade.
2017-01-01T00:00:00Z