School of Environment and Earth Scienceshttp://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/52024-03-28T08:57:18Z2024-03-28T08:57:18ZClay minerals as paleo-climate proxy in Quaternary Dun sediments, NW Himalaya, IndiaAmrutha, K.Ahmad, SamadKumar, PankajPattanaik, Jitendra Kumarhttp://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/41462024-01-21T10:52:32Z2023-10-17T00:00:00ZClay minerals as paleo-climate proxy in Quaternary Dun sediments, NW Himalaya, India
Amrutha, K.; Ahmad, Samad; Kumar, Pankaj; Pattanaik, Jitendra Kumar
Purpose: Clay mineral assemblages are widely used for deciphering paleoclimatic information, where diagenetic and detrital clays provide different signatures. The type and amount of clay present in the alluvial fan sediments account for the prevailing climate, topography, transport dynamics, diagenesis, and lithology of the catchment area. Clay mineral analysis of sediments collected from the younger lobe of Kiratpur Fan, Pinjaur dun, NW Himalaya, will help to understand the late-Quaternary climatic perturbations during marine isotope stage (MIS)-3 and to evaluate the suitability of clay minerals as paleoclimatic proxy. Materials and methods: Samples were collected from three sites along the Kiratpur Nadi near Paploha village, Haryana, where exposed sections had a total height of ~ 28�m. In this study, 31 samples from these sediment sections were collected and after initial processing, clay minerals were separated and oriented slides were prepared. These samples were analysed using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with/without glycolation and heating treatments. One aliquot of dried clay from selected samples were used for FTIR to complement the XRD analysis. For FTIR analysis, about 1�mg of clay samples was mixed with ~ 10�mg of KBr and press pellets were prepared. Results and discussion: The clay fraction of these sediments constitute illite (~ 52 � 0.8%), kaolinite (~ 13 � 1.6%), and chlorite-montmorillonite interstratified clay (~ 35 � 1.5%). Shale and mudstone distributed in the catchment area might be the source of these clay minerals. Illite chemistry index of ~ 0.37 � 0.14, kaolinite/illite ratio (0.21�0.29), illite crystallinity (IC) (0.23 � 0.04), and kaolinite percentage suggest the dominance of physical weathering in the catchment area. These sediments are generated during a cold and dry period, and deposited during an aggradational phase associated with warm and wet phase within MIS-3 (40�30 Ka). Further, it was found that illite is the dominant clay throughout the Himalayas, Ganga plain, and Bay of Bengal (BoB) sediments, irrespective of their distance from the source. Hence, associating illite to younger and less-transported sediment does not work in this setting. Conclusion: Though the proxies based on clay percentage is very useful, only limited data is available. There is a significant difference in the value of IC in the Himalayan front and BoB sediments may be due to the modifications during the transportation of sediments. Overall, when sediments are transported for a longer distance, correlating clay mineral percentage with the maturity of sediment is not apparent. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
2023-10-17T00:00:00ZClimate Change Impact on Major River Basins in the Indian Himalayan Region: Risk Assessment and Sustainable ManagementAmrutha, K.Patnaik, RasmiSandeep, A.S.Pattanaik, Jitendra Kumarhttp://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/41432024-01-21T10:52:32Z2023-03-10T00:00:00ZClimate Change Impact on Major River Basins in the Indian Himalayan Region: Risk Assessment and Sustainable Management
Amrutha, K.; Patnaik, Rasmi; Sandeep, A.S.; Pattanaik, Jitendra Kumar
Billions of people relay on water resources of the Himalayan region for drinking, irrigation, and other domestic purposes. Abundance of natural resources makes this region suitable for human settlements, despite the fact that the area experiences frequent natural hazards. Water resources including major rivers are one of the important components, responsible for high biodiversity of the Himalayas and its role in global atmospheric circulation. Recent climate changes have proved to affect the precipitation pattern and ice cover of the Himalayas, causing variations in the dynamics of rivers in the area. Climate change�induced variation in river flow quantity, timing, and unpredictability raises the danger of ecological changes and has a negative impact on aquatic life and the ecosystem depending on rivers. Agriculture is one important sector that is at highest risk due to climate change. This is a serious concern as the runoff patterns of the rivers are mainly determined by the precipitation pattern and ice cover in the upper reaches. Reduction in ice cover reduces the water storage capacity of the Himalayas, and fluctuations in the precipitation pattern cause floods and droughts. The increased frequency of natural hazards including floods and droughts affects the economy and is a threat to people�s life. Climate change effects on water resources, namely, Himalayan snow and ice reservoirs and lake and river systems and the risk associated with it, can be monitored using different hydrological models. To cover vast geographical areas of the Himalayan region, adequate hydrological observatories need to be installed in order to monitor and record time series data of the hydrological parameters. Systematic monitoring will help to predict how climate change will affect water resources in the future. Sustainable management of local resources based on suitable practices, adaptation strategies, and need-specific policies relevant to basin climate can further reduce frequent climate change-related impacts, risk, and vulnerability. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023.
2023-03-10T00:00:00ZLepidosauromorphs and associated vertebrate fauna from the Late Triassic Tiki Formation, South Rewa, Gondwana basin, India: implication for paleoenvironment and paleobiogeographySingh, Y. PriyanandaSharma, K. MilankumarTiwari, Raghavendra PrasadPatnaik, RajeevSingh, Nongmaithem AmardasSingh, Ningthoujam Premjithttp://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/41442024-01-21T10:52:32Z2023-03-27T00:00:00ZLepidosauromorphs and associated vertebrate fauna from the Late Triassic Tiki Formation, South Rewa, Gondwana basin, India: implication for paleoenvironment and paleobiogeography
Singh, Y. Priyananda; Sharma, K. Milankumar; Tiwari, Raghavendra Prasad; Patnaik, Rajeev; Singh, Nongmaithem Amardas; Singh, Ningthoujam Premjit
Tiki Formation is well known for the presence of rich vertebrate fossil assemblages including archosaurians, cynodonts, xenacanthids, hybodonts and actinopterygians in the Gondwana succession of India. Here, we report indeterminate Sphenodontia and indeterminate Lepidosauromorpha from the Late Triassic Tiki Formation. The presently reported early diverging lepidosauromorphs might have fed on small invertebrates and small vertebrates/insects. The presence of early diverging lepidosauromorphs from the Tiki Formation extends their geographic range from Europe, N. America and S. America to the Indian sub-continent during the Late Triassic Period. Further, the reports of archosauromorph assemblages and the aquatic vertebrates from the Tiki Formation have strengthened the idea of affinities of vertebrate assemblages between Laurasia and Gondwana sub-continents of the Pangea. � 2023, Indian National Science Academy.
2023-03-27T00:00:00ZThe first report of cf. Zygolophodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Mammutidae) from the Upper Miocene of Kutch, IndiaChoudhary, DeepakJukar, Advait M.Patnaik, RajeevSingh, Nongmaithem AmardasSingh, Ningthoujam PremjitMilankumar Sharma, K.http://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/41452024-01-21T10:52:32Z2023-04-25T00:00:00ZThe first report of cf. Zygolophodon (Mammalia, Proboscidea, Mammutidae) from the Upper Miocene of Kutch, India
Choudhary, Deepak; Jukar, Advait M.; Patnaik, Rajeev; Singh, Nongmaithem Amardas; Singh, Ningthoujam Premjit; Milankumar Sharma, K.
[No abstract available]
2023-04-25T00:00:00Z