Department of Botany
http://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/19
2024-03-29T10:18:06ZRethinking underutilized cereal crops: pan-omics integration and green system biology
http://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/3200
Rethinking underutilized cereal crops: pan-omics integration and green system biology
Rahim, Mohammed Saba; Sharma, Vinita; Pragati Yadav; Parveen, Afsana; Kumar, Adarsh; Roy, Joy; Kumar, Vinay
Main conclusion: Due to harsh lifestyle changes, in the present era, nutritional security is needed along with food security so it is necessary to include underutilized cereal crops (UCCs) in our daily diet to counteract the rising danger of human metabolic illness. We can attain both the goal of zero hunger and nutritional security by developing improved UCCs using advanced pan-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics, phenomics and ionomics) practices. Abstract: Plant sciences research progressed profoundly since the last few decades with the introduction of advanced technologies and approaches, addressing issues of food demand of the growing population, nutritional security challenges and climate change. However, throughout the expansion and popularization of commonly consumed major cereal crops such as wheat and rice, other cereal crops such as millet, rye, sorghum, and others were impeded, despite their potential medicinal and nutraceutical qualities. Undoubtedly neglected underutilized cereal crops (UCCs) also have the capability to withstand diverse climate change. To relieve the burden of major crops, it is necessary to introduce the new crops in our diet in the way of UCCs. Introgression of agronomically and nutritionally important traits by pan-omics approaches in UCCs could be a defining moment for the population�s well-being on the globe. This review discusses the importance of underutilized cereal crops, as well as the application of contemporary omics techniques and advanced bioinformatics tools that could open up new avenues for future study and be valuable assets in the development and usage of UCCs in the perspective of green system biology. The increased and improved use of UCCs is dependent on number of factors that necessitate a concerted research effort in agricultural sciences. The emergence of functional genomics with molecular genetics might gear toward the reawakening of interest in underutilized cereals crops. The need of this era is to focus on potential UCCs in advanced agriculture and breeding programmes. Hence, targeting the UCCs, might provide a bright future for better health and scientific rationale for its use. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
2023-09-30T00:00:00ZSoil Microbiome: Diversity, Benefits and Interactions with Plants
http://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/3201
Soil Microbiome: Diversity, Benefits and Interactions with Plants
Chauhan, Poonam; Sharma, Neha; Tapwal, Ashwani; Kumar, Ajay; Verma, Gaurav Swaroop; Meena, Mukesh; Seth, Chandra Shekhar; Swapnil, Prashant
Plant roots aid the growth and functions of several kinds of microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, endophytic bacteria, actinomycetes, nematodes, protozoans which may impart significant impacts on plant health and growth. Plant soil�microbe interaction is an intricate, continuous, and dynamic process that occurs in a distinct zone known as the rhizosphere. Plants interact with these soil microbes in a variety of ways, including competitive, exploitative, neutral, commensal, and symbiotic relationships. Both plant and soil types were found to have an impact on the community diversity and structure of the rhizosphere, or vice versa. The diversity of microorganisms in soil is thought to be essential for the management of soil health and quality because it has different plant growth-promoting or biocontrol effects that could be very advantageous for the host plant and alter plant physiology and nutrition. The composition of microbial community is influenced by soil and plant type. Besides these beneficial microbes, the soil also harbors microorganisms that are detrimental to plants, competing for nutrients and space, and causing diseases. Numerous microorganisms have antagonistic activity and the ability to defend plants from soil-borne diseases. The study of the soil microbiome is essential for formulating strategies for transforming the rhizosphere to the benefit of the plants. This review pays special emphasis on the types of microbial populations in the soil and how they influence plant growth, nutrient acquisition, inter-relationships between soil microbes and plants, stress resistance, carbon sequestration, and phytoremediation. � 2023 by the authors.
2023-10-09T00:00:00ZGenome-wide identification and gene expression analysis of GHMP kinase gene family in banana cv. Rasthali
http://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/3199
Genome-wide identification and gene expression analysis of GHMP kinase gene family in banana cv. Rasthali
Chaturvedi, Siddhant; Khan, Shahirina; Thakur, Neha; Jangra, Alka; Tiwari, Siddharth
Background: The GHMP kinase gene family encompasses ATP-dependent kinases, significantly involved in the biosynthesis of isoprenes, amino acids, and metabolism of carbohydrates. Banana is a staple tropical crop that is globally consumed but known for high sensitivity to salt, cold, and drought stresses. The GHMP kinases are known to play a significant role during abiotic stresses in plants. The present study emphasizes the role of GHMP kinases in various abiotic stress conditions in banana. Methods and results: We identified 12 GHMP kinase (MaGHMP kinase) genes in the banana genome database and witnessed the presence of the conserved Pro-X-X-X-Gly-Leu-X-Ser-Ser-Ala domain in their protein sequences. All genes were found to be involved in ATP-binding and carried kinase activity confronting their biological roles in the isoprene (27%) and amino acid (20%) biosyntheses. The expression analysis of genes during cold, drought, and salt stress conditions in tissue culture grown banana cultivar Rasthali plants showed a significant involvement of MaGHMP kinase genes in these stress conditions. The highest expression of MaGHMP kinase3 (8.5 fold) was noted during cold stress, while MaGHMP kinase1 (25 fold and 40.01 fold) showed maximum expression during drought and salt stress conditions in leaf tissue of Rasthali. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that MaGHMP kinase1 (MaHSK) and MaGHMP kinase3 (MaGlcAK) could be considered promising candidates for thwarting the abiotic stresses in banana. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
2023-09-20T00:00:00ZMicrobe-Assisted Bioremediation of Pesticides from Contaminated Habitats: Current Status and Prospects
http://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/3202
Microbe-Assisted Bioremediation of Pesticides from Contaminated Habitats: Current Status and Prospects
Reddy, Karen; Jose, Shisy; Fayaz, Tufail; Renuka, Nirmal; Ratha, Sachitra Kumar; Kumari, Sheena; Bux, Faizal
Pesticide use is expanding worldwide due to a continuous increase in agricultural intensification in order to meet the global food demand. The extensive use of pesticides and their persistence in the aquatic and terrestrial environments may pose a detrimental impact on the ecosystem. The fate of pesticides in the ecosystem is determined by their structure, physicochemical properties and inherent biodegradability. In the recent decade, the presence of pesticides and their residues have been reported in the soil, surface water, groundwater and wastewater. Different methods and technologies have been reported to remediate the pesticide-contaminated environment, which include physical, chemical, biological/microbial and enzymatic processes. Among these, microbial remediation is found to be an inexpensive, environmentally friendly and thermodynamically more affordable technology that can be applied to any material soiled by a pesticide. The major groups of microorganisms, viz., bacteria, fungi and algae, have been successfully used to remediate different types of pesticides by various mechanisms of removal and transformation. These microorganisms can either accumulate and/or metabolize the pesticides and transform them into products that are less toxic or non-toxic as compared to the parent compounds. Nevertheless, more scientific investigations into the technical aspects of microbial bioremediation systems are needed, as they persist for many years in nature and travel to various food chains. This chapter focuses on the current status of pesticide pollution and the role of microbe-assisted remediation of pesticides. Different aspects of microbe-mediated remediation of pesticides such as types, mechanisms and future perspectives have been discussed. � 2024 Anju Malik and Vinod Kumar Garg.
2023-10-19T00:00:00Z