Deteriorating groundwater quality and existence of toxic contaminants are newlineemerged as a major public health issue in Punjab. In this concern, the present newlinestudy investigated groundwater quality in five districts of state Punjab, India newline(Barnala, Fatehgarh Sahib, Ludhiana, SBS Nagar and Rupnagar districts) and newlinefurther explored in term of chemometric quantification include statistical analyses, newlinespatial distributions, seasonal variations, source apportionment, irrigational newlinepurposes and potential health risks. In this regard, a total 676 groundwater newlinesamples were collected from five districts during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. newlineThe majority of samples were alkaline in nature and pH value varied from 6.7 to newline8.6 over entire study area. The groundwater samples of all district was categorized newlineas very hard water (hardnessgt180 mg L-1). The alkalinity level exceeded BIS limit newline(200 mg L-1) in all five districts. The TDS level of Barnala and SBS Nagar district newlineexceeded the BIS limit in nearly 70%-75% samples, while in other districts newlineexceeded in 25% to 50% samples. The concentration of F- was in order of newlineLudhiana (0.08-2.75 mg L-1) gtBarnala (0.37-2.3 mg L-1) gtFatehgarh Sahib (0.05- newline1.4 mg L-1) gtSBS Nagar (0.05-1.38 mg L-1) gtRupnagar (0.17-3.15 mg L-1). Around newline50% sampling sites of Barnala and Ludhiana districts are affected by F- newlinecontamination as recorded higher level than BIS limit (1 mg L-1). The NO3 newline- level newlineexceeded BIS limit (45 mg L-1) in nearly 15% samples of Barnala, Fatehgarh Sahib newlineand Ludhiana district, whereas exceeded in lt5% samples for other districts. newlineExcept few samples of southward part of Barnala district, the concentration of newlineSO4 newline2- and Cl- in nearly all groundwater samples was within BIS acceptable limit. newlineThe mean concentration of U in analysed samples of pre- and post-monsoon newlineseason was in the order of Barnala (~52 and#956;g L-1) gtFatehgarh Sahib (~25 and#956;g L-1) newlinegtLudhiana (~15 and#956;g L-1) gtSBS Nagar (~10 and#956;g L-1) gtRupnagar (~5 and#956;g L-1). The newlineconcentration of U exceeded WHO limits in ~75% and ~25% samples from newlineBarnala and Fateh