Browsing by Author "Sharma, Shubham"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

An efficient metal-free and catalyst-free C�S/C�O bond-formation strategy: synthesis of pyrazole-conjugated thioamides and amides
(Beilstein-Institut Zur Forderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften, 2023-03-02T00:00:00) Sharma, Shubham; Singh, Dharmender; Kumar, Sunit; Vaishali; Jamra, Rahul; Banyal, Naveen; Deepika; Malakar, Chandi C.; Singh, Virender
An operationally simple and metal-free approach is described for the synthesis of pyrazole-tethered thioamide and amide conjugates. The thioamides were generated by employing a three-component reaction of diverse pyrazole C-3/4/5 carbaldehydes, secondary amines, and elemental sulfur in a single synthetic operation. The advantages of this developed protocol refer to the broad substrate scope, metal-free and easy to perform reaction conditions. Moreover, the pyrazole C-3/5-linked amide conjugates were also synthesized via an oxidative amination of pyrazole carbaldehydes and 2-aminopyridines using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. � 2023 Sharma et al.
From 2011 to 2022: The development of pyrazole derivatives through the ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compounds
(HeteroCorporation, 2023-11-25T00:00:00) Sharma, Shubham; Singh, Virender; Vaishali; Kumar, Rakesh; Jamra, Rahul; Banyal, Naveen; Jyoti
The synthesis of pyrazole derivative using ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compounds has attracted increasing attention of the synthetic organic chemist community. Interestingly, the simplicity of the synthetic method, high reactivity, and ease of incorporating diversity into the desired prototype have contributed a lot toward the exploration of ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compounds by various research groups. Due to the tremendous pharmacological significance of pyrazole derivatives, their synthesis has been one of the leading research frontiers in recent years. As prime examples, sildenafil, zometapin, Celebrex, and rimonabant have been successfully commercialized in the market to treat various life-challenging diseases. Considering the great profile of ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compound in the synthesis of biologically active pyrazole derivatives, this review incorporates contemporary literature (2011�2022) on the synthesis of pyrazole and its derivatives using ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl compound as a starting precursor. � 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Natural Products as an Alternative Therapy for Brain Tumors: From Bench To Bedside
(Springer Singapore, 2022-09-28T00:00:00) Kumar, Sachin; Kumar, Mandeep; Bijalwan, Anjali; Sharma, Shubham; Kumar, Puneet
Incremental elevation in the trends of a brain tumor in recent years accounts for 5% adult population, whereas the number exceeds 70% in the case of children. Evidence reveals an eventual metastasize of 20%-30% of malignant tumors to the brain�s different regions. Compression in the brain tissue and elevated intracranial pressure mediated by benign and malignant tumors contributed to severe consequences like the central nervous system (CNS) damage or even imperil the patient�s life. Despite multiple therapeutic strategies in the market, none of the drugs are fully effective and safe. Strategic advancement indicates chemotherapy as a treatment of choice for critical conditions like brain tumors, but the chemotherapy drugs toxicity is still a major therapeutic hurdle. Plants and their derived natural products are one of the most emerging targets to strike against brain tumors. Analogs of several natural products are already demonstrated as antitumor in nature, and day by day, advancements unfold various other plant and plant derivatives having such antitumor activity. This chapter aims to underline and emphasize the antitumor agents, which can target brain tumors procured from the natural origin such as natural products and their analogs. The available data on different plants and isolated compounds of natural origin used to reduce and arrest brain tumors is also discussed here. � Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Reaction of Indian Stock Market to Outbreak of COVID-19: An Empirical Analysis of Extreme Inter-day Movements
(Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd, 2023-10-07T00:00:00) Sharma, Dhanraj; Verma, Ruchita; Sam, Shiney; Sharma, Shubham
The contagious COVID-19 pandemic has been considered a massive global crisis since World War II and has disturbed business and economic activities across the globe. The current study examined the reaction of the stock market�s to the outbreak of COVID-19, considering the extreme inter-day movements in the Indian stock market. The extreme inter-day movements in S&P CNX Nifty-50 have been identified during the study period from January 2020 to December 2021 and further classified into decline and gain events based on positive and negative announcements related to COVID-19. The study utilized an event study approach and panel regression for empirical investigation. The results of the event study analysis illustrate that the significant abnormal loss ranges from 12.86% to 2.47% for the major decline events and significant abnormal return from 8.43% to 3.23% for the gain events. The regression analysis results showed that real return and Central Bank Policy rate have a considerable impact on the abnormal returns during COVID-19. The study�s findings are helpful to policy implications that identified the need to focus on financial education and strengthen the health and finance-related policies to deal with such pandemics in the future. � 2023 MDI.
Relationship between Bank-Specific Factors and Non-Performing Assets of Indian Banks during post Global Financial Crisis Era
(Indian Institute of Finance, 2022-06-01T00:00:00) Verma, Ruchita; Sharma, Dhanraj; Sharma, Shubham; Sam, Shiney
The study aims to analyze the relationship between Bank-specific factors and Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) of the Indian banks. The sample of the study consists of 21 public sector and 19 private sector banks which accounted for 96.42% of banking operation in India and were continuously in existence for the study period of 10 years i.e. from 2009-10 to 2018-19.The study considered NPAs as dependent variable and used bank-specific indicators as independent variables. The study found concentration of NPAs and advances in public sector banks and higher concentration in private sector bank. Further, based on stability based classification, the study found Induslnd bank; Nainital bank and Yes Bank are the highly unstable banks in Indian banking sector. Using panel data regression approach, the result shows that NPAs can be managed efficiently by improving Return on Assets and Credit Deposit Ratio. � Indian Institute of Finance.
Role of vitamins and minerals as immunity boosters in COVID-19
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021-06-10T00:00:00) Kumar, Puneet; Kumar, Mandeep; Bedi, Onkar; Gupta, Manisha; Kumar, Sachin; Jaiswal, Gagandeep; Rahi, Vikrant; Yedke, Narhari Gangaram; Bijalwan, Anjali; Sharma, Shubham; Jamwal, Sumit
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. On March 11, 2020, it was declared a global pandemic. As the world grapples with COVID-19 and the paucity of clinically meaningful therapies, attention has been shifted to modalities that may aid in immune system strengthening. Taking into consideration that the COVID-19 infection strongly affects the immune system via multiple inflammatory responses, pharmaceutical companies are working to develop targeted drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19. A balanced nutritional diet may play an essential role in maintaining general wellbeing by controlling chronic infectious diseases. A balanced diet including vitamin A, B, C, D, E, and K, and some micronutrients such as zinc, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and phosphorus may be beneficial in various infectious diseases. This study aimed to discuss and present recent data regarding the role of vitamins and minerals in the treatment of COVID-19. A deficiency of these vitamins and minerals in the plasma concentration may lead to a reduction in the good performance of the immune system, which is one of the constituents that lead to a poor immune state. This is a narrative review concerning the features of the COVID-19 and data related to the usage of vitamins and minerals as preventive measures to decrease the morbidity and mortality rate in patients with COVID-19. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Texture-Based Automated Classification of Ransomware
(Springer, 2020-10-31T00:00:00) Sharma, Shubham; Singh, Satwinder
Reliance on digital data has been increased with easy availability of user friendly software to store and manipulate data with much less effort. This digital data can become very hard to maintain if no security mechanisms has been implemented to protect it from unauthorized access. Even the whole machine is on the verge of being infected if not being secured. Data and the whole machine can be easily infected or lost if any malicious operation is being executed on the machine by some unauthorized user. This is possible, by injecting some malicious operations in the byte code of the source file that is being transferred into the machine. These malicious operations, according to the harm they caused, have been categorized into different categories of malware. Among various malwares, Ransomware is a harmful malware that can restrict the user�s access to his own computer�s data, using encryption mechanism. Until the required ransom is not paid the decryption key is not provided. Unlike other techniques discussed in the literature, the technique proposed in this paper analyse irregularity in the texture of the image. Proposed technique used local binary pattern generated from the file to be analysed which has the ability to detect the same immediately on the transfer of file into the victim�s computer before its execution. This analysis detects the injection of some abnormal operations inserted into the byte code of the respective file to make the ransomware execute. The technique was tested on 1738 window based and 179 android based different ransomware and benign samples which generated an accuracy of 87.9% at maximum. � 2020, The Institution of Engineers (India).
Transition-Metal-Free Cascade C-N Bond Formation: An Effective Strategy for the Synthesis of ?-Carboline N-Fused Imidazolium Acetates and Estimation of their Light-Emitting Properties
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2023-08-08T00:00:00) Singh, Manpreet; Vaishali, Vaishali; Deepika, Deepika; Jyoti, Jyoti; Sharma, Shubham; Banyal, Naveen; Kumar, Prashant; Budhalakoti, Bharti; Malakar, Chandi C.; Singh, Virender
A simple, efficient, and practical metal-free protocol has been devised to synthesize imidazopyrido[3,4-b]indole-based fluorophores decorated with carbazole/ F-carboline/pyridine scaffolds via three consecutive C.N bond formations in a single operation. A wide range of aromatic amines (2-aminopyridines, 3-aminocarbazole, and anilines) were successfully applied to synthesize the complex imidazolium ions. The significant features of this strategy include high efficiency, mild and environmentally benign reaction conditions, no chromatographic purification, and broad substrate scope with excellent yields of the isolated products. Moreover, excellent photophysical properties (up to 85%) were exhibited by these fluorophores. � 2022 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.