Department Of Pharmacology

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Browsing Department Of Pharmacology by Author "Arora, Anchal"

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    Novel pharmacological approaches for diabetic complications
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021-03-24T00:00:00) Arora, Anchal; Navik, Uma Shanker; Jaiswal, Aiswarya; Kaur, Prabhsharan; Kumar, Puneet
    Diabetes is a chronic illness characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, disturbances in carbohydrate, and lipid and protein metabolism due to impaired function of insulin-secreting pancreatic ?-cell, insulin action or both. If not treated on time diabetes patients are more prone to developing secondary complications such as microvascular complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, diabetic foot, dermopathy, and macrovascular complications like coronary arteries disease, peripheral arterial disease, stroke and cardiomyopathy. This increases the co-morbidity and mortality rate among diabetes patients. Therefore, hyperglycemia management could be of profound clinical significance to reduce the rate of complications of diabetes. Further, hyperglycemia results in the activation of multiple abnormal signaling pathways that poses more complex diabetes pathology resulting in end-organ damage. Traditionally, the available approved therapy, such as insulin and sulphonylureas, possesses side effects such as weight gain and hypoglycaemic shock. Therefore developing a novel therapy for targeting complex pathways for mitigating diabetes complications is highly appreciable. Hence, this chapter aims to discuss the novel therapeutic approaches for treating diabetes complications with their mechanism of action. � 2021 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
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    An Overview of the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of 3-Nitropropionic Acid (3-NPA) as a Neurotoxin in a Huntington's Disease Model and Its Relevance to Drug Discovery and Development
    (Springer, 2023-02-04T00:00:00) Upadhayay, Shubham; Yedke, Narhari Gangaram; Rahi, Vikrant; Singh, Surbhi; Kumar, Sachin; Arora, Anchal; Chandolia, Priyanka; Kaur, Prabhsharan; Kumar, Mandeep; Koshal, Prashant; Jamwal, Sumit; Kumar, Puneet
    Animal models are used to better understand the various mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diseases and explore potential pathways that will aid in discovering therapeutic targets. 3-Nitropropionic Acid (3-NPA) is a neurotoxin used to induce Huntington's disease (HD)-like symptoms in experimental animals. The 3-NPA is a fungus toxin that impairs the complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) activity of the mitochondria and reduces ATP synthesis, leading to excessive production of free radicals resulting in the degeneration of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum. This is characterized by motor impairments a key clinical manifestation of HD. 3-NPA has the potential to alter several cellular processes, including mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation mimicking HD-like pathogenic conditions in animals. This review strives to provide a new insight towards the 3-NPA induced molecular dysfunctioning in developing an animal model of HD. Moreover, we summarise several preclinical studies that support the use of the 3-NPA-induced models for drug discovery and development in HD. This review is a collection of various articles that were published from 1977 to 2022 on Pubmed (1639), Web of Science (2139), and Scopus (2681), which are related to the 3-NPA induced animal model. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.