Browsing by Author "Behl, Tapan"

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    Exploring the role of exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-11-22T00:00:00) Singh, Anuja; Behl, Tapan; Sehgal, Aayush; Singh, Sukhbir; Sharma, Neelam; Naqwi, Maaz; Mavi, Anil; Singh, Randhir
    In prosperous countries, autoimmune illnesses affect minimum 7% of the community. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) as an autoimmune illness is thought to be induced through a variety of genomic, physiological, and biological factors. Many experts in the field of nanomedicine have looked to stem cells as a viable strategy to repair human tissue; however, exosomes have demonstrated greater potential in recent years. Exosomes, produced from stem cells in particular, have exhibited a high propensity to give therapeutic effects. To resist local cellular stress, they are secreted in a paracrine manner from cells. As a result, exosomes produced from stem cells can provide enormous health uses. If treatment is not given, autoantibodies produce synovial inflammation and arthritis, which can lead to chronic inflammation, and impairment. Exosomes could be administered for the treatment of RA, by acting as therapeutic vectors. Exosomes are murine extracellular vesicles that influence biological mechanisms and signal transduction by transporting genetic and protein components. Diseases like RA and bone fractures could be treated using cell-free therapeutic strategies if exosomes could be isolated from stem cells efficiently and packaged with specific restorative substances. To get to this position, many breakthroughs must be achieved, and the following review summarises the most recent developments in stem cell-derived exosomes, with a focus on the important literature on exosome dynamics in RA. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Molecular mechanisms behind ROS regulation in cancer: A balancing act between augmented tumorigenesis and cell apoptosis
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-11-28T00:00:00) Tuli, Hardeep Singh; Kaur, Jagjit; Vashishth, Kanupriya; Sak, Katrin; Sharma, Ujjawal; Choudhary, Renuka; Behl, Tapan; Singh, Tejveer; Sharma, Sheetu; Saini, Adesh K.; Dhama, Kuldeep; Varol, Mehmet; Sethi, Gautam
    ROS include hydroxyl radicals (HO.), superoxide (O2.), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). ROS are typically produced under physiological conditions and play crucial roles in living organisms. It is known that ROS, which are created spontaneously by cells through aerobic metabolism in mitochondria, can have either a beneficial or detrimental influence on biological systems. Moderate levels of ROS can cause oxidative damage to proteins, DNA and lipids, which can aid in the pathogenesis of many disorders, including cancer. However, excessive concentrations of ROS can initiate programmed cell death in cancer. Presently, a variety of chemotherapeutic drugs and herbal agents are being investigated to induce ROS-mediated cell death in cancer. Therefore, preserving ROS homeostasis is essential for ensuring normal cell development and survival. On account of a significant association of ROS levels at various concentrations with carcinogenesis in a number of malignancies, further studies are needed to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms and develop the possibilities for intervening in these processes. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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    Natural flavonoids exhibit potent anticancer activity by targeting microRNAs in cancer: A signature step hinting towards clinical perfection
    (Neoplasia Press, Inc., 2022-12-05T00:00:00) Tuli, Hardeep Singh; Garg, Vivek Kumar; Bhushan, Sakshi; Uttam, Vivek; Sharma, Uttam; Jain, Aklank; Sak, Katrin; Yadav, Vikas; Lorenzo, Jose M.; Dhama, Kuldeep; Behl, Tapan; Sethi, Gautam
    Cancer prevalence and its rate of incidence are constantly rising since the past few decades. Owing to the toxicity of present-day antineoplastic drugs, it is imperative to explore safer and more effective molecules to combat and/or prevent this dreaded disease. Flavonoids, a class of polyphenols, have exhibited multifaceted implications against several diseases including cancer, without showing significant toxicity towards the normal cells. Shredded pieces of evidence suggest that flavonoids can enhance drug sensitivity and suppress proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis of cancer cells by modulating several oncogenic or oncosuppressor microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). They play pivotal roles in regulation of various biological and pathological processes, including various cancers. In the present review, the structure, chemistry and miR targeting efficacy of quercetin, luteolin, silibinin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, and cyanidin against several cancer types are comprehensively discussed. miRs are considered as next-generation medicine of recent times, and their targeting by naturally occurring flavonoids in cancer cells could be deemed as a signature step. We anticipate that our compilations related to miRNA-mediated regulation of cancer cells by flavonoids might catapult the clinical investigations and affirmation in the future. � 2022