Browsing by Author "Bhardwaj, Nidhi"

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    Common microRNAs in Epilepsy and Migraine: Their Possibility as Can-didates for Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets during Comorbid Onset of Both Conditions
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2022-04-27T00:00:00) Ludhiadch, Abhilash; Bhardwaj, Nidhi; Gotra, Palvi; Kumar, Roshan; Munshi, Anjana
    Epilepsy and migraine are chronic neurological disorders with shared clinical as well as pathophysiological mechanisms. Epileptic patients are at a higher risk of developing migraine compared to normal individuals and vice versa. Several genetic and environmental risk factors have been reported to be associated with the development of both diseases. Previous studies have already estab-lished standard genetic markers involved in various pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of both these comorbid conditions. In addition to genetic markers, epigenetic markers have also been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and migraine. Among the epigenetic markers, miRNAs have been explored at length and have emerged as significant players in regulating the expression of their target genes. miRNAs like miR-22, miR-34a, miR-155, miR-211, and Let-7b play a significant role in neuronal differentiation and seem to be associated with epilepsy and migraine as comorbid conditions. However, the exact shared mechanisms underlying the role of these miRNAs in these comorbid conditions are still unclear. The current review has been compiled with an aim to explore common microRNAs targeting the genes involved in shared molecular pathways leading to epilepsy and migraine as comorbid conditions. The new class of ncRNAs, i.e., tRNA transfer fragments, are also discussed. In addition, their role as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets has also been eval-uated. However, limitations exist, and based on the current literature available, only a few microRNAs seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of both these disorders. � 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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    Epilepsy and Migraine Shared Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms: Focus on Therapeutic Strategies
    (Springer, 2021-04-15T00:00:00) Gotra, Palvi; Bhardwaj, Nidhi; Ludhiadch, Abhilash; Singh, Gagandeep; Munshi, Anjana
    Epilepsy and migraine are both episodic disorders and share clinical as well as pathophysiological mechanisms. The prevalence of epilepsy in migraine patients is generally higher than normal as compared to general population and vice versa. Various environmental risk factors and genetic factors have been reported to be associated with susceptibility of these comorbid diseases. Specific genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the two diseases. However, the shared genetic susceptibility has not been explored extensively. Previous studies have reported that the alterations in the genes encoding ion channel proteins are common risk factors for both the diseases. The alterations in ion channel-encoding genes CACNAIA (T666M) and SCNIA (Q1489K and L1649Q) have been found to be involved in the development of familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) as well as generalized epilepsy and some cases of focal epilepsy as well. The fact that both these disorders are treated with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) strongly supports common underlying mechanisms. This review has been compiled with an aim to explore the alterations in common genes involved in various pathways regulating neuronal hyperexcitability, a common risk factor for both these conditions. The avenue for future treatment strategies targeting common genes and molecular mechanisms has also been discussed. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.