Browsing by Author "Bhardwaj, P."

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    Cellulose: A multifaceted biopolymer
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2016) Majeed, A.; Najar, R.A.; Ul Rehman, W.; Choudhary, S.; Thakur, S.; Singh, A.; Sharma, G.; Bhardwaj, P.
    Cellulose is a common natural polymer with a wide range of industrial, medical, bio fuel, agricultural, textile and paper applications. It exhibits various levels of structural organizations, from individual glucose chains through microfibrils, macrofibrils to cellulose fibers. The synthesizing machinery of cellulose consists of a six subunit plasmamembrane protein complex, cellulose synthase, organized into a rosette structure. Plant cellulose synthases possess additional plant specific motifs that are absent in bacteria. Among the different solvent systems developed for cellulose dissolution, ionic liquids stand at the forefront. Microorganism mediated energy release from cellulose facilitates its use in fuel cells as a source of energy. The nanocomposites of cellulose have revolutionized the medical field and are being chiefly used in tissue engineering, ligament engineering and wound healing. The chemical structure of cellulose make it suitable to form hydrogels which are used in tissue engineering, cartilage modelling, bone implantation, cell culture scaffolds, enhanced drug delivery, heavy metal absorbance, and in retaining soil water and efficient fertilizer release for agricultural efficiency. Besides, cellulose based ethanol production help to reduce the pressure on conventional sources of energy. This chapter focuses on cellulose structure, its synthesizing machinery, trafficking, genes and proteins involved, solubility and solvent systems, its derivatives, composites, hydrogels, fuel cells, ethanol production and degradation. ? 2016 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
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    Development and characterization of genomic microsatellite markers in Prosopis cineraria
    (Elsevier B.V., 2017) Anand, Shashi Shekhar; Thakur, Sapna; Gargi, Madhuranjana; Choudhary, Shruti; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Anand, S.S.; Thakur, S.; Gargi, M.; Choudhary, S.; Bhardwaj, P.
    Characterization of genetic diversity is a must for exploring the genetic resources for plant development and improvement. Prosopis cineraria is ecologically imperative species known for its innumerable biological benefits. Since there is a lack of genetic resources for the species, so it is crucial to unravel the population dynamics which will be very effective in plant improvement and conservation strategies. Of the 41 genomic microsatellite markers designed from (AG)n enriched library, 24 were subsequently employed for characterization on 30 genotypes of Indian arid region. A total of 93 alleles with an average 3.875 could be amplified by tested primer pairs. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.5139 and 0.5786, respectively with 23 primer pairs showing significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Polymorphic information content average to 0.5102 and the overall polymorphism level was found to be 93.27%. STRUCTURE analysis and DARwin exhibited the presence of 4 clusters among 30 genotypes. ? 2017 The Authors
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    Development and characterization of genomic microsatellite markers in Rhododendron arboreum
    (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2014) Choudhary, Shruti; Thakur, Sapna; Saini, Ram Gopal; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Choudhary, S.; Thakur, S.; Saini, R.G.; Bhardwaj, P.
    Population genetics characteristics are the fundamentals of conservation and management practices. Rhododendronarboreum, a key biodiversity component inhabiting Indian Himalayas, suffers from overexploitation and global warming. Using biotin?streptavidin hybridization technique, 41 microsatellite markers were designed from an enriched DNA library to provide a genetic background and an insight into the population structure of the species. With a range of 2?14 alleles amplified from 38 loci, the populations were reported with observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.167?0.933 and 0.422?0.917 respectively. Some of the loci showed significant deviations from Hardy?Weinberg equilibrium and overall no linkage disequilibrium was detected. These markers will support genetic diversity and further genotyping studies in R. arboreum. ? 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
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    Development and characterization of genomic microsatellite markers in Tinospora cordifolia
    (Springer India, 2017) Gargi, Madhuranjana; Thakur, Sapna; Anand, Shashi Shekhar; Choudhary, Shruti; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Gargi, M.; Thakur, S.; Anand, S.S.; Choudhary, S.; Bhardwaj, P.
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    Pseudomonas: A Major Bacteria in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil of South-West Punjab.
    (http://www.isebindia.com/, 2018) Adhikary, A; Saini, R.; Bhardwaj, P.; Kumar Sanjeev
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    Starch: A precise account covering its multidimensional aspects
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Majeed, A.; Ul Rehman, W.; Najar, R.A.; Choudhary, S.; Thakur, S.; Singh, A.; Sharma, G.; Bhardwaj, P.
    Starch is the main storage carbohydrate of plants and is composed of glucose residues linked together by ? 1-4 glycosidic bonds. The starch molecule consists of a linear amylose and highly branched amylopectin. Starch forms the main energy source in human diets and is present in large quantities in our common foods like rice, wheat, maize, etc. Granule-bound starch synthase is responsible for amylose synthesis while amylopectin requires the action of starch synthases plus branching enzymes. The degradation of starch requires another set of enzymes including ?-amylase and debranching enzyme. Microorganisms can be employed to produce the starch degrading enzymes thereby yielding the high glucose and fructose syrups. Starch is a good candidate for generating electricity in microbial fuel cells. Besides, ethanol production is yet another application for energy production that can lessen the pressure on conventional petroleum-based fuels. The hydrogels and composites of starch are widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, agriculture and medicine especially tissue engineering. Besides the starch itself, its derivatives have a wide range of industrial applications. This chapter focuses on starch structure, synthesis, derivatives, composites, hydrogels, energy production, cosmetic and other industrial applications. ? 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
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    Transcriptome characterization and screening of molecular markers in ecologically important Himalayan species (Rhododendron arboreum)
    (Canadian Science Publishing, 2018) Choudhary, S.; Thakur, S.; Najar, R.A.; Majeed, A.; Singh, A.; Bhardwaj, P.; Crease, T.
    Rhododendron arboreum is an ecologically prominent species, which also lends commercial and medicinal benefits in the form of palatable juices and useful herbal drugs. Local abundance and survival of the species under a highly fluctuating climate make it an ideal model for genetic structure and functional analysis. However, a lack of genomic data has hampered additional research. In the present study, cDNA libraries from floral and foliar tissues of the species were sequenced to provide a foundation for understanding the functional aspects of the genome and to construct an enriched repository that will promote genomics studies in the genera. Illumina's platform facilitated the generation of ?100 million high-quality paired-end reads. De novo assembly, clustering, and filtering out of shorter transcripts predicted 113 167 non-redundant transcripts with an average length of 1164.6 bases. Of these, 71 961 transcripts were categorized based on functional annotations in the Gene Ontology database, whereby 5710 were grouped into 141 pathways and 23 746 encoded for different transcription factors. Transcriptome screening further identified 35 419 microsatellite regions, of which, 43 polymorphic loci were characterized on 30 genotypes. Seven hundred and nineteen transcripts had 811 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphic variants with a minimum coverage of 10, a total score of 20, and SNP% of 50. ? 2018 Published by NRC Research Press.