Browsing by Author "Elangovan, Ajay"

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Artificial intelligence in heavy metals detection: Methodological and ethical challenges
(Elsevier B.V., 2023-07-02T00:00:00) Yadav, Nidhi; Maurya, Brij Mohan; Chettri, Dewan; Pooja; Pulwani, Chirag; Jajula, Mahesh; kanda, Savleen Singh; babu, Harysh Winster Suresh; Elangovan, Ajay; Velusamy, Parthasarathy; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; Vellingiri, Balachandar
Heavy metals (HMs) are metallic substances. They enter biotic and abiotic systems through natural and human activities. These HMs have an impact on the atmosphere, soil, and groundwater, and they also affect all living things, especially humans, when they enter the food chain. Therefore, monitoring and removing HMs from the environment and humans are crucial for maintaining HMs-based toxicity. The detection of HMs from environmental and human samples has been performed by techniques such as atomic adsorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). With the advancement of AI-based technology, HMs are now detected and removed from the environment and human systems. This review discusses the impact of HMs on the environment and human health, their detection and removal techniques, and the integration of recent advancements in AI-based technology for the detection and removal of HMs from environmental and human samples. � 2023 The Author(s)
miRNA in Parkinson's disease:�From pathogenesis to theranostic approaches
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-12-11T00:00:00) Elangovan, Ajay; Venkatesan, Dhivya; Selvaraj, Priyanka; Pasha, Md. Younus; Babu, Harysh Winster Suresh; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; Narayanasamy, Arul; Subramaniam, Mohana Devi; Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Abilash; Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil; Vellingiri, Balachandar
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age associated neurological disorder which is specified by cardinal motor symptoms such as tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia, postural instability, and non-motor symptoms. Dopaminergic neurons degradation in substantia nigra region and aggregation of ?Syn are the classic signs of molecular defects noticed in PD pathogenesis. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNA) predicted to have a pivotal part in various processes regarding regularizing the cellular functions. Studies on dysregulation of miRNA in PD pathogenesis has recently gained the concern where our review unravels the role of miRNA expression in PD and its necessity in clinical validation for therapeutic development in PD. Here, we discussed how miRNA associated with ageing process in PD through molecular mechanistic approach of miRNAs on sirtuins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, dopamine loss, oxidative stress and autophagic dysregulation. Further we have also conferred the expression of miRNAs affected by SNCA gene expression, neuronal differentiation and its therapeutic potential with PD. In conclusion, we suggest more rigorous studies should be conducted on understanding the mechanisms and functions of miRNA in PD which will eventually lead to discovery of novel and promising therapeutics for PD. � 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Parkinson's Disease�A New Theranostics?
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-08-21T00:00:00) Vellingiri, Balachandar; Balasubramani, Kiruthika; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; Raj, Neethu; Elangovan, Ajay; Song, Kwonwoo; Yeo, Han-Cheol; Jayakumar, Namitha; Kinoshita, Masako; Thangarasu, Ravimanickam; Narayanasamy, Arul; Dayem, Ahmed Abdal; Prajapati, Vijay Kumar; Gopalakrishnan, Abilash Valsala; Cho, Ssang-Goo
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex condition that is significantly influenced by oxidative stress and inflammation. It is also suggested that telomere shortening (TS) is regulated by oxidative stress which leads to various diseases including age-related neurodegenerative diseases like PD. Thus, it is anticipated that PD would result in TS of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Telomeres protect the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes preserving them against fusion and destruction. The TS is a normal process because DNA polymerase is unable to replicate the linear ends of the DNA due to end replication complications and telomerase activity in various cell types counteracts this process. PD is usually observed in the aged population and progresses over time therefore, disparities among telomere length in PBMCs of PD patients are recorded and it is still a question whether it has any useful role. Here, the likelihood of telomere attrition in PD and its implications concerning microglia activation, ageing, oxidative stress, and the significance of telomerase activators are addressed. Also, the possibility of telomeres and telomerase as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in PD is discussed. � 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Untangle the mystery behind DS-associated AD � Is APP the main protagonist?
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023-04-07T00:00:00) Elangovan, Ajay; Babu, Harysh Winster Suresh; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; Gopalakrishnan, Abilash Valsala; Vellingiri, Balachandar
Amyloid precursor protein profusion in Trisomy 21, also called Down Syndrome (DS), is rooted in the genetic determination of Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the recent development in patient care, the life expectancy of DS patients has gradually increased, leading to the high prospect of AD development, consequently leading to the development of plaques of amyloid proteins and neurofibrillary tangles made of tau by the fourth decade of the patient leading to dementia. The altered gene expression resulted in cellular dysfunction due to impairment of autophagy, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction, and copy number variation controlled by the additional genes in Trisomy 21. The cognitive impairment and mechanistic insights underlying DS-AD conditions have been reviewed in this article. Some recent findings regarding biomarkers and therapeutics of DS-AD conditions were highlighted in this review. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.