Browsing by Author "Garg, Vinod Kumar"
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Item Biodegradation of monocrotophos by indigenous soil bacterial isolates in the presence of humic acid, Fe (III) and Cu (II) ions(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-07-20T00:00:00) Singh, Simranjeet; Singh, Joginder; Ramamurthy, Praveen C.; Kumar, Vijay; Bhardwaj, Sonali; Garg, Vinod KumarThree bacteria, namely Streptomyces sp. MCP1, Rhizobium leguminosarum MCP2 and Bacillus subtilis MCP3, isolated from an arable field, have been used for the biodegradation of monocrotophos (MCP). The bacterial strains were characterized based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. MCP was subjected to biological degradation in two ways, i.e., with or without using Fe(III), Cu(II), and humic acid (HA). The isolates were capable of degrading MCP in an order: MCP2 (Bacillus subtilis) > MCP1 (Streptomyces sp.) > MCP3 (Rhizobium leguminosarum). With the application of Cu(II) and Fe(III), the biodegradation of MCP was from 83 to 92% and 78 to 87%, respectively. Altogether, under different conditions, the order of inhibition of MCP biodegradation was apparently as HA > Fe(III) > Cu(II). Mass spectrometric and UV�visible spectrophotometric results showed that MCP biodegradation's only pathway included major intermediatory metabolites (E) 4-amino-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl dimethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, methyl hydrogen phosphate and phosphonate. � 2021 Elsevier LtdItem Biogenic fabrication of ZnO@EC and MgO@EC using Eucalyptus leaf extract for the removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) ions from water(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-01-04T00:00:00) Chauhan, Amit Kumar; Kataria, Navish; Gupta, Renuka; Garg, Vinod KumarZinc and magnesium oxide nanoparticles were fabricated using green synthesis method for the sequestration of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) from the aqueous medium. The biogenically prepared ZnO@EC and MgO@EC nanoparticles were successfully loaded on the Eucalyptus. The prepared nanomaterials were characterized using various techniques such as FESEM, TGA, XRD, EDX, FTIR, BET, and elemental mapping. FE-SEM analysis has revealed the surface morphology of ZnO nanoparticles, which were rod-like and spherical in shape, whereas MgO nanoparticles were of irregular shape. Batch mode was selected to remove the hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using the prepared nanomaterials. The Cr(VI) adsorption was carried out under optimized conditions, viz., pH (3.0), adsorbent dose (0.05�g), contact time (150�min), temperature (25 � 2��C), and initial concentration (50�mg/L). The experimental results were compared using the different isotherm models; The observations have indicated that experimental data fit better with Freundlich (R2 = 0.99) and Langmuir (R2 = 0.99)�isotherms, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of ZnO@EC and MgO@EC for Cr(VI) was found to be 49.3 and 17.4�mg/g, respectively. The regeneration study of the adsorbents was conducted using different desorbing agents viz., ethanol, NaOH, and NaCl. The desorbing agent NaOH performed better and showed removal percentage of 34.24% and 20.18% for ZnO@EC and MgO@EC, respectively, after the three reusability cycles. The kinetics of reaction was assessed using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The experimental data of both the nanomaterials ZnO@EC and MgO@EC obeyed pseudo-second-order model with correlation coefficient values 0.999 and 0.983, respectively. The thermodynamic study confirmed that adsorption was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. The adsorbents were tested for spiked real water which confirms their applicability and potential in real water systems also. The results indicated fair removal of chromium suggesting applicability of both adsorbents. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Bioremediation for Sustainable Environmental Cleanup(CRC Press, 2023-10-19T00:00:00) Malik, Anju; Garg, Vinod KumarThe present book, Bioremediation for Sustainable Environmental Cleanup, has a compilation of seventeen chapters comprehensively describing the state-of-the-art on emerging bioremediation approaches employed for sustainable environmental clean-up of diverse environmental pollutants such as metal(loid)s, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dyes, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, etc., by using bacteria, fungi, algae, higher plants, and novel materials like biohybrids, nano-biomaterials, and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). Different bioremediation strategies such as biosorption, bioprecipitation, bioaccumulation, biodegradation, biotransformation etc. have been described in detail. The emphasis throughout, however, is on sustainable environmental clean-up. Eminent researchers from various countries located in diverse geographical areas, including Argentina, Canada, Germany, India, Pakistan, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, have contributed towards the chapters of this book. � 2024 Anju Malik and Vinod Kumar Garg.Item Bioremediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s(CRC Press, 2022-09-30T00:00:00) Malik, Anju; Kidwai, Mohd. Kashif; Garg, Vinod KumarThe book, Bioremediation of Toxic Metal(loid)s, describes the state-of-the-art and potential of emerging technologies on bioremediation of toxic metal(loid)s. It has a compilation of the available comprehensive knowledge of the fundamentals and advancements in the field of bioremediation of toxic metal(loid)s. The mechanisms, applications, and current advancements of various bioremediation strategies used for metal(loid)s have been described in 21 chapters contributed by leading experts from different institutes, universities, and research laboratories from various countries across the globe including Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, India, Japan, Republic of Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. This book offers a bird�s eye view on various bioremediation technologies based on a variety of biological agents viz. plants, bacteria, algae, fungi etc., used for environmental clean-up of toxic metal(loid)s. � 2023 Anju Malik, Mohd. Kashif Kidwai and Vinod Kumar Garg.Item Bioremediation Potential of Trichoderma species for Metal(loid)s(CRC Press, 2022-09-30T00:00:00) Kidwai, Mohd. Kashif; Malik, Anju; Dhull, Sanju Bala; Rose, Pawan Kumar; Garg, Vinod KumarEnvironmental pollution is a global challenge affecting all ecosystems. Various types of pollution are posing challenges to the survival of present and future generations. Inappropriate disposal of heavy metals also causes adverse economical and ecological effects. Microorganisms are omnipresent and deliver significant ecological services in the management of metal(loid)s, enabling them to be applied in various biotechnological strategies for the environmental management needed for sustainable development. Fungal organisms have the innate mechanisms and features such as resistance, tolerance, enzymatic diversity, production of metallothioneins, enzymes and organic acids, enabling them to be applied as potential microorganisms for the remediation of metal(loid)s. Trichoderma species are one among the widely investigated microorganisms and have beneficial applications in the agricultural and industrial sectors. This chapter overviews the contribution of studies conducted on different Trichoderma species and their potential for bioremediation of metal(loid)s such as nickel, cadmium, copper, arsenic, lead, chromium etc. by employing various detoxification strategies such as bioaccumulation, biotransformation, biosorption, phytobial remediation, etc. Various Trichoderma species, T. hrazianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. virens, T. viride etc., are discussed for having bioremediation potential against different metal(loid)s. � 2023 Anju Malik, Mohd. Kashif Kidwai and Vinod Kumar Garg.Item Bioremediation: A Sustainable Approach for Environmental Cleanup(CRC Press, 2023-10-19T00:00:00) Singh, Bharti; Malik, Anju; Garg, Vinod KumarAs the world�s population is increasing by the day, the daily basis demands supplied through industries and agriculture have led to the release of contaminants into the environment resulting in a serious threat to human health and the environment. There are so many technologies for the removal of contaminants from the environment including physical, chemical and sophisticated oxidation procedures. These procedures and technologies, however, have their limitations and the end products are also harmful. As a result, there is a need to identify and investigate sustainable and eco-friendly processes that use less chemicals, are economically viable and provide non-toxic final products. One of the such attractive, stable, sustainable and eco-friendly cleaning technique to deal with this issue is Bioremediation. It is an interdisciplinary approach which includes various living organisms from the surroundings to remediate contaminated ecosystems. Toxic compounds are metabolized by many microbes to release CO2 or CH4, water and biomass. These contaminants may be metabolized enzymatically into less toxic or harmless metabolites. Furthermore, the solid waste produced by this technique has been shown to have a potential influence on soil macro- and micronutrients, indicating its use as organic manure. However, bioremediation requires further research before it could be used on a wider scale, with a focus on the environmental implications of the final products. This chapter provides a brief overview of various bioremediation approaches to remediate the polluted environment. � 2024 Anju Malik and Vinod Kumar Garg.Item Chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles and hybrid materials(Elsevier, 2022-01-21T00:00:00) Gupta, Renuka; Chauhan, Heena; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Kataria, NavishNanotechnology is one among the fastest emerging fields of science and engineering in which nanostructures are designed, engineered, and fabricated by manipulation of matter in the range from 1 to 100 nm. Scientists and researchers are continuously working on designing and development of micro/nano-sized materials that include nanocomposites, hybrid materials, metal-organic frameworks, doped metal oxides, nanocarbon, functionalized and surface modified nanomaterials, etc. Nanomaterials are synthesized from bulk materials that efficiently enhance and upgrade the chemical and physical properties. The chemical properties of nanomaterials depend on the composition of particles that set the potential of matter to undergo chemical reactions. These mainly include heat of combustion, oxidation, partition coefficient, molecular weight, boiling point, melting point, solubility, stability, flammability, zeta potential, corrosion, reactivity, chemical composition, radioactivity, etc. However, physical properties of nanomaterials depend on the arrangement and state of the particles and are demonstrated by particle size distribution, shape, density, viscosity, crystalline structure, odor, surface area, etc. Due to these properties nanomaterials are the potential candidates for various commercial and domestic applications such as photocatalysis, imaging, redox reaction, agricultural practices, medical diagnosis and therapy, energy-based research, biotechnology, and environmental pollution detection and management. Various techniques used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of nanostructures include scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), etc. This chapter deals with the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials with a review on their synthesis and analysis method. Applications of nanomaterials in diverse areas have also been discussed in this chapter. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Pesticides: Human Health, Environmental Impacts and Management(Elsevier, 2023-03-18T00:00:00) Singh, Joginder; Pandey, Ashok; Singh, Simranjeet; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Ramamurthy, PraveenPesticides: Human Health, Environmental Impacts and Management considers microbial degradation and environmental management of pesticides, covers microbial options as an alternative to chemical pesticides, explores plant-microbe interactions for reduced applications of pesticides in the agricultural fields, discusses the enhancement of microbial pesticides degradation, explains function of engineered microorganisms for effective pesticide degradation, describes potential indigenous/effective microbes for effective pesticide degradation processes, and presents research on microbes for sustainable agricultural and environmental practices. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Detection and remediation of pollutants to maintain ecosustainability employing nanotechnology: A review(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-05-17T00:00:00) Yadav, Neelam; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Chhillar, Anil Kumar; Rana, Jogender SinghEnvironmental deterioration due to anthropogenic activities is a threat to sustainable, clean and green environment. Accumulation of hazardous chemicals pollutes soil, water and air and thus significantly affects all the ecosystems. This article highlight the challenges associated with various conventional techniques such as filtration, absorption, flocculation, coagulation, chromatographic and mass spectroscopic techniques. Environmental nanotechnology has provided an innovative frontier to combat the aforesaid issues of sustainable environment by reducing the non-requisite use of raw materials, electricity, excessive use of agrochemicals and release of industrial effluents into water bodies. Various nanotechnology based approaches including surface enhance scattering, surface plasmon resonance; and distinct types of nanoparticles like silver, silicon oxide and zinc oxide have contributed significantly in detection of environmental pollutants. Biosensing technology has also gained significant attention for detection and remediation of pollutants. Furthermore, nanoparticles of gold, ferric oxide and manganese oxide have been used for the on-site remediation of antibiotics, organic dyes, pesticides, and heavy metals. Recently, green nanomaterials have been given more attention to address toxicity issues of chemically synthesized nanomaterials. Hence, nanotechnology has provided a platform with tremendous applications to have sustainable environment for present as well as future generations. This review article will help to understand the fundamentals for achieving the goals of sustainable development, and healthy environment. � 2021 Elsevier LtdItem Effect of Compost and Vermicompost Amendments on Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Lady�s Finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Grown under Different Salinity Gradients(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-07-28T00:00:00) Suhani, Ibha; Srivastava, Vaibhav; Megharaj, Mallavarapu; Suthar, Surindra; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Singh, Rajeev PratapIn the coming decades, the pressure to use saline water will increase as most of the natural resources with good water quality are being depleted. In order to avoid more stress on the soil plant system, a better understanding of the type of amendments and their integration with the irrigational water quality of any location-specific region is essential. Utilizing salt-affected lands in the best way possible will facilitate food security for the growing human population. An experiment was conducted with the Abelmoschus esculentus L. plant, irrigated with saline water having different NaCl gradients (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM), to evaluate the biochemical and physiological responses under different salinity gradients. Additionally, the effect of compost and vermicompost amendments in soil on plant responses to the changing salinity of irrigated water was observed. The results suggested that the addition of compost and vermicompost in soil not only suppressed the adverse impact of salinity in plants but also increased soil nutrients (TKN, OC, avail. P, avail. K and avail. Ca contents). Moreover, some biochemical parameters and plant growth parameters showed better traits in such manure-amended setups. The enhancement of proline, phenol, ascorbic acid and lipid peroxidation contents in the leaves of Abelmoschus esculentus L. under high salinity levels suggests some secondary metabolite-mediated response possibly due to stress caused by soil salt accumulations. In summary, crop production could be efficiently maintained in saline water-irrigated areas after amending the soils with appropriate organic manure. � 2023 by the authors.Item Green Chemistry Approaches to Environmental Sustainability: Status, Challenges and Prospective(Elsevier, 2023-09-29T00:00:00) Garg, Vinod Kumar; Yadav, Anoop; Mohan, Chandra; Yadav, Sushma; Kumari, NeerajGreen Chemistry Approaches to Environmental Sustainability: Status, Challenges and Prospective provides a comprehensive and complete overview of the emerging discipline of green chemistry and fundamental chemical principles. The book bridges the gap between research and industry by offering a systematic overview of current available sustainable materials and related information on new materials' suitability and potential for given projects. Along the way, the book examines natural and biodegradable materials while also presenting materials with multifunctional properties. Topics addressed in this book will be major accomplishments for sustainable developments in biofuels, renewable energies, and in the remediation of pollutants in water, air and soil. � 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Hybrid nanomaterials for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater(Elsevier, 2023-04-21T00:00:00) Sharma, Anchal; Chauhan, Amit Kumar; Kataria, Navish; Garg, Vinod KumarNanomaterials have recently gained the attention of the scientific community due to their multifarious applications and excellent properties. The unique properties of nanomaterials include small size, high surface area-to-volume ratio, porous structure, magnetic behavior, thermal stability, photocatalysis, etc. Industrial activities are continuously enhancing the pollutant load in different environmental matrices, including aqueous systems. These pollutants may enter the food chain and exert adverse health effects and environmental problems. At this stage, interventions are urgently required to handle water pollutants. Several hybrid nanomaterials including metal oxide/carbon nanocomposites, metal doped composites, surface-functionalized carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, metal oxide-coated metal oxide frameworks, bimetallic coated biopolymers, metal-coated biomaterials, green fabricated metal/carbon nanocomposites, etc., are being designed and fabricated for the treatment of wastewater. Hybrid nanomaterials have been utilized in various treatment methods such as adsorption, photocatalysis and catalytic reduction, membrane filtration, and an advanced oxidation process for the removal of inorganic and organic compounds. This chapter focuses on the application of hybrid nanomaterials for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater systems. It also describes the current research progress of nanotechnology in environmental applications with a special emphasis on pollution prevention and the removal of environmental contaminants from contaminated drinking water and industrial wastewater. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Impact and prospects of pesticides on human and environmental health(Elsevier, 2023-03-17T00:00:00) Singh, Simranjeet; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Ramamurthy, Praveen C.; Singh, Joginder; Pandey, AshokThe changing nature of pesticides has led to the evolution of advanced pesticides which become troublesome for pest control in agriculture and thereby increasing the resistivity of pesticides. Pesticide poisoning emerges either from regular intake of pesticides in minute quantities. Presently, different interventions are being explored to form a sustainable society as persistence and occurrence of pesticide in environment is imposing as major health concern among humans. Our chapter deals with different pathways and sources of pesticide contamination in environment. Efforts have been made to incorporate the different classes of pesticides and their detrimental effects on human health and environment. Here we discuss different detection method and sample extraction process to minimize the increasing level of pesticides compounds in water bodies aiming to protect environment and human health. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Impact of environmental indicators on the COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi, India(MDPI, 2021-08-09T00:00:00) Mangla, Sherry; Pathak, Ashok Kumar; Arshad, Mohd.; Ghosh, Doyel; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Haque, UbydulCurrently, there is a massive debate on whether meteorological and air quality parameters play a crucial role in the transmission of COVID-19 across the globe. With this background, this study aims to evaluate the impact of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, NO2, and O3) and meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, wind speed, and rainfall) on the spread and mortality due to the COVID-19 outbreak in Delhi from 14 Mar 2020 to 3 May 2021. The Spearman�s rank correlation method employed on secondary data shows a significant correlation between the COVID-19 incidences and the PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, NO2, and O3 concentrations. Amongst the four meteorological parameters, temperature is strongly correlated with COVID-19 infections and deaths during the three phases, i.e., pre-lockdown (14 March 2020 to 24 March 2020) (r = 0.79), lockdown (25 March 2020 to 31 May 2020) (r = 0.87), and unlock (1 June 2020 to 3 May 2021) (r = ?0.75), explaining the variability of about 20�30% in the lockdown period and 18�19% in the unlock period. NO2 explained the maximum variability of 10% and 7% in the total confirmed cases and deaths among the air pollutants, respectively. A generalized linear model could explain 80% and 71% of the variability in confirmed cases and deaths during the lockdown and 82% and 81% variability in the unlock phase, respectively. These findings suggest that these factors may contribute to the transmission of the COVID-19 and its associated deaths. The study results would enhance the ongoing research related to the influence of environmental factors. They would be helpful for policymakers in managing the outbreak of COVID-19 in Delhi, India. � 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Item Influence of urban sewage sludge amendment on agricultural soil parameters(Elsevier B.V., 2021-05-19T00:00:00) Dhanker, Rinku; Chaudhary, Suman; Goyal, Sneh; Garg, Vinod KumarUsing sewage sludge for agricultural soil conditioning may be a potential alternative for its proper disposal and enhancing soil fertility by virtue of its high content of organic matter and several important plant nutrients. But the presence of toxic heavy metals and pathogens limits its use. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of different doses of sewage sludge (5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 t ha?1) on physico-chemical and biological properties of sandy loam soil. It was observed that different soil parameters significantly changed according to the addition of different sewage sludge doses as compared to untreated control soil. Total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (N) consistently improved up to the application of 50 t ha?1 sewage sludge. Consequently, it led to a significant and rapid increase in soil microbial properties like microbial biomass, basal respiration and enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and urease) during the initial days of incubation, which gradually decreased up to 90 days. Sewage sludge also increased the Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid (DTPA) extractable available form of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu and Cd). However, all values of available forms of heavy metals were below the threshold values for contaminated soil. � 2021 Elsevier B.V.Item Infusion of fruit-vegetable waste biomass into bakery sludge to enhance nutrient availability and vermicompost maturity using Eisenia fetida(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-12-23T00:00:00) Gupta, Renuka; Mago, Monika; Garg, Vinod KumarVermicomposting of bakery sludge (BS) was studied when amended with fruit-vegetable waste (FV) and cow dung (CD) with different proportions in vermi-units (VU): VU1(CD100), VU2(CD75BS25), VU3(CD50BS25FV25), VU4(CD25BS25FV50), and VU5(CD25 BS50FV25). Results showed a reduction in pH and total organic carbon and an increase in electrical conductivity, ash content, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium after vermicomposting. Carbon/nitrogen decrease followed: VU3 > VU1 > VU4 > VU2 > VU5, whereas a maximum reduction in carbon/phosphorus (60.7%) was observed in VU3 and a minimum (44.8%) in VU5. Seed germination assay of Cicer arietinum was 71�138% with maximum in VU3. Respiration rates of 69�115 mgCO2 kg?1VC48h?1 were achieved signifying stability and non-toxic impact. The presence of FV waste in vermi-units enhanced earthworm population, biomass, growth rate, and cocoons. VU3 exhibited higher macro- and micronutrients as well as worm growth and fecundity over other vermi-units. Based on results, FV waste and CD amendment at 25% and 50%, respectively, are suggested as appropriate to produce enriched vermicompost from BS using Eisenia fetida. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Introduction to environmental and green chemistry(Elsevier, 2023-09-29T00:00:00) Yadav, Sushma; Yadav, Anoop; Mohan, Chandra; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Kumari, NeerajBoth environmental chemistry and green chemistry are important and have a crucial role in the ecosystem; however environmental chemistry discusses about the environmental problems, while green chemistry provides the solution. Green chemistry is new emerging area that strives to achieve the sustainability at the molecular level. Green chemistry generally deals with reduction or minimizing the harmful and toxic chemical products with eco-friendly one. From the past few decades, green chemistry has received a remarkable attention of the researchers due to its ability to achieve environmental and economic goals by doing chemical invention. Through different major modification of green chemistry including renewable feedstocks, biocatalysts, green solvents, dual aims of environmental protection and economic benefits could be achieved. This chapter generally covers the concept of origin of environmental and green chemistry with a cohesive set of 12 principles. � 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Metagenomics to Bioremediation: Applications, Cutting Edge Tools, and Future Outlook(Elsevier, 2022-09-30T00:00:00) Kumar, Vineet; Bilal, Muhammad; Shahi, Sushil Kumar; Garg, Vinod KumarMetagenomics to Bioremediation: Applications, Cutting Edge Tools, and Future Outlook provides detailed insight into metagenomics approaches to bioremediation in a comprehensive manner, thus enabling the analysis of microbial behavior at a community level under different environmental stresses during degradation and detoxification of environmental pollutants. The book summarizes each and all aspects of metagenomics applications to bioremediation, helping readers overcome the lack of updated information on advancement in microbial ecology dealing with pollution abatement. Users will find insight not only on the fundamentals of metagenomics and bioremediation, but also on recent trends and future expectations. This book will appeal to readers from diverse backgrounds in biology, chemistry and life sciences. � 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Metal(loid)s Sources, Toxicity and Bioremediation(CRC Press, 2022-09-30T00:00:00) Kidwai, Mohd. Kashif; Malik, Anju; Garg, Vinod KumarHuman-induced unsustainable processes like industrialization, urbanization, modern agriculture etc. are happening all over the globe at the cost of environment affecting all types of life forms in various ecosystems. A variety of pollutants including heavy metals are widely recognised as environmental pollutant or potentially toxic element (PTE) due to their toxic nature and potential to disrupt ecosystem services provided by various organisms. Heavy metals such as nickel, selenium, arsenic, mercury, copper, lead, chromium, and cadmium are metals that pose serious environmental hazards and risks all over the world. Conventional physico-chemical methods are commonly applied in the remediation of heavy metals at a large scale but have several disadvantages. From sustainability point of view, bioremediation is an eco-friendly, non-invasive strategy and comparatively cost feasible than other available conventional methods and provides a sustainable solution for detoxification of various environmental contaminants such as metalloids etc. Both microbially induced remediation and phytoremediation are deeply studied and investigated by various researchers and further applied as per their potential to remediate metal(loid)s, i.e. nickel, selenium, arsenic, mercury, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium and other pollutants. Different bacterial, fungal and algal species are reported for the potential to remediate different toxic metalloids. Diverse plants such as angiosperms, ferns etc. have evolved innate mechanisms as per local environmental conditions enabling them for detoxification of various pollutants through bioremediation. Several plants, bacterial species, fungal species and algal species are reviewed and cited for their role in bioremediation. The chapter is an attempt to briefly introduce the sources, toxicity and various strategies of bioremediation of metal(loid)s involving bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants. � 2023 Anju Malik, Mohd. Kashif Kidwai and Vinod Kumar Garg.Item Microplastics in multimedia environment: A systematic review on its fate, transport, quantification, health risk, and remedial measures(Elsevier B.V., 2023-01-06T00:00:00) Rose, Pawan Kumar; Jain, Monika; Kataria, Navish; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Garg, Vinod Kumar; Yadav, AnoopThe ever-increasing presence of microplastics in many environmental components has been a cause of worry for humanity due to their small size and potential health risk. Since the last decade, numerous studies have been conducted on the prevalence and dispersion of microplastics. However, at present, there aren't any systematic studies on fate and transport of microplastics that consider multimedia environmental systems and their mitigation measures. Also, there are limited studies on the routes through which humans are exposed to microplastics. In this review, about 380 articles were evaluated to uncover the extent of microplastic fate, transport, and pollution in different environmental components, including soil, freshwater, marine, and atmosphere, as well as its effect on different ecosystems. We gave special attention to understanding many routes and sources of microplastics intended for human consumption and their consequences on human health. Furthermore, we tried to emphasize on the different methods used for sampling, extraction, identification and characterization of microplastics, along with associated benefits and limitations. This study highlighted existing knowledge and gaps in the remediation of microplastics. On this basis, the bottleneck and current challenges have been proposed. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.