Browsing by Author "Gopalarethinam, Janani"

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    Advantages of mesenchymal stem cell over the other stem cells
    (Elsevier GmbH, 2023-05-09T00:00:00) Gopalarethinam, Janani; Nair, Aswathy P.; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; Vellingiri, Balachandar; Subramaniam, Mohana Devi
    A stem cell is a particular group of cells that has the extraordinary potential to convert within the body into particular cell types. They are used to regenerate tissues and cells in the body that have been damaged or destroyed by the disease. Stem cells come in three different varieties: adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Embryonic stem cells have a high chance of immune rejection and also have ethical dilemmas and iPSCs have genetic instability. Adult stem cells are difficult to analyze and extract for research since they are frequently insufficient in native tissues. However, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) one of the categories of adult stem cells are stromal cells with a variety of potentials that can differentiate into a wide range of cell types. MSCs can be transplanted into a variety of people without worrying about rejection because they have demonstrated the ability to prevent an adverse reaction from the immune system. These transplants have powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects and greatly enhance the body's inherent healing capacity. While MSCs do not offer treatment for illnesses, the idea behind them is to enable the body to recover sufficiently for a protracted reduction in symptoms. In many cases, this is sufficient to significantly enhance the patient's well-being. Inspite of several advantages some potential long-term concerns connected to MSC therapy are maldifferentiation, immunosuppression and cancerous tumor growth. In this review, we will compare the mesenchymal stem cells with other stem cells with respect to the source of origin, their properties and therapeutic applications, and discuss the MSC's disadvantages. � 2023 Elsevier GmbH
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    Retinal Changes in Parkinson�s Disease: A Non-invasive Biomarker for Early Diagnosis
    (Springer, 2023-10-13T00:00:00) Subramaniam, Mohana Devi; Aishwarya Janaki, P.; Abishek Kumar, B.; Gopalarethinam, Janani; Nair, Aswathy P.; Mahalaxmi, I.; Vellingiri, Balachandar
    Parkinson�s disease (PD) is caused due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) which leads to the depletion of dopamine in the body. The lack of dopamine is mainly due to aggregation of misfolded ?-synuclein which causes motor impairment in PD. Dopamine is also required for normal retinal function and the light�dark vision cycle. Misfolded ?-synuclein present in inner retinal layers causes vision-associated problems in PD patients. Hence, individuals with PD also experience structural and functional changes in the retina. Mutation in LRRK2, PARK2, PARK7, PINK1, or SNCA genes and mitochondria dysfunction also play a role in the pathophysiology of PD. In this review, we discussed the different etiologies which lead to PD and future prospects of employing non-invasive techniques and retinal changes to diagnose the onset of PD earlier. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.