Browsing by Author "Jain, A.K."

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    1,3-Bis(cyanomethoxy)calix[4]arene capped CdSe quantum dots for the fluorogenic sensing of fluorene
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017) Kumar, Rabindra; Arora, Meenu; Jain, A.K.; Babu, J. Nagendra
    Capping of 1,3-bis(cyanomethoxy)-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (CAD) onto CdSe quantum dots (QDs) was characterized by a fluorescence enhancement of the QDs (?em = 580 nm) upon surface interaction with the phenolic moiety of CAD. CAD@QD showed selective and sensitive 1.67 fold fluorescence enhancement in the presence of fluorene among fifteen PAHs. The fluorescence enhancement was characterized by monolayer adsorption of fluorene on to the surface of CAD@QD. The limit of detection for fluorene was observed to be 0.8 nM. This method was used and compared with detection of fluorene in spiked respirable dust (PM10) samples collected during an open biomass (stubble) burning event. ? The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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    Augmented anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles after oral administration in a breast cancer induced animal model
    (2011) Jain, A.K.; Swarnakar, N.K.; Das, M.; Godugu, C.; Singh, R.P.; Rao, P.R.; Jain, S.
    The present investigation reports an extensive evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy of orally administered doxorubicin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (Dox-NPs) in a breast cancer induced animal model. Spherically shaped Dox-NPs were prepared with an entrapment efficiency and particle size of 55.40 ? 2.30% and 160.20 ? 0.99 nm, respectively, and freeze-dried with 5% trehalose using stepwise freeze-drying. Cytotoxicity, as investigated on C127I cell line, revealed insignificant differences between the IC 50 of free Dox and Dox-NPs treated cells in the first 24 h, while higher cytotoxicity was demonstrated by Dox-NPs, following 72 h of incubation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging corroborated that nanoparticles were efficiently localized into the nuclear region of C127I cells. The cellular uptake profile of Dox-NPs revealed both time and concentration dependent increases in the Caco-2 cell uptake as compared to the free Dox solution. Further, Dox-NPs significantly suppressed the growth of breast tumor in female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats upon oral administration. Finally, orally administered Dox-NPs showed a marked reduction in cardiotoxicity when compared with intravenously injected free Dox as also evident by the increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase (CK-MB) and reduced levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The reduced cardiotoxicity of orally administered Dox-NPs was also confirmed by the major histopathological changes in the heart tissue after the treatments of intravenously injected free Dox and orally delivered Dox-NPs. ? 2011 American Chemical Society.
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    CYP/PON genetic variations as determinant of organophosphate pesticides toxicity
    (Springer India, 2017) Kaur, GURPREET; Jain, A.K.; Singh, Sandeep
    In the present scenario of increased accumulation of pesticides in the environment, it is important to understand its impact on human health. The focus is on gene?environment interaction, highlighting the consequences and factors that may halt the biotransformation of some pesticides and change their actual dose response curve due to mixed exposure to pesticides. The paraoxonase and cytochrome P450 gene families are involved in the metabolism of oxon derivate (toxic than its parent compound) of organophosphate pesticides, thus, mutations in these genes may impact the metabolic outcome of pesticides and subsequent health hazards. The complex multi gene?environment interaction and one gene ? one risk factor are two different aspects to understand the potential health effect related to environmental exposure studies. The genetic polymorphisms are associated with varying levels of risk within the population, as gene products of varied genotype alter the biotransformation of exogenous/endogenous substrates. This paper is aimed to review the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors on a mechanistic pathway of organophosphate pesticide biotransformation and various risk associated with it among the human population. Understanding the genetic polymorphism of genes involved in pesticide metabolism and highlighting the gene isoform dependent interindividual differences to metabolize particular pesticides may help us to unravel the reasons behind differential toxicity for pesticides exposure than expected. ? 2017, Indian Academy of Sciences.
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    Effect of pesticide residues in solanaceous vegetables to human health
    (2013) Nag, S; Jain, A.K.; Dhanya, M.S.
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    Mutagenic Effect in Vegetables by Pesticides
    (Krishi Sanskriti Publications, 2013) Nag, Shilpa; Jain, A.K.; M.S., Dhanya
    The advent of pesticides in vegetable crops is to control insects, pathogens and weeds aimed at increasing the crop yield, but the applied pesticides are not fully reaching the target pests. It escapes to environment or accumulates in crops resulting in some deleterious changes. The disturbances were observed in physiological and cytological levels of the affected plants by blocking mitosis and producing mitotic and meiotic chromosome abnormalities. Some pesticides like acetamiprid, carbendazim, chlorpyriphos, cypermethrin, dichlorvos, dicofol, dimethoate, fenvalarate, indoxcarb, mancozeb, monocrotophos, profenophos, quinalphos, zineb etc. proved to be mutagens. Researchers reported abnormalities like chromosomes with inactivated centromeres, isochromosome, picnosis, vagrant, stickiness, bridges, precocious separation and lagging chromosomes, reduction in mitotic index, micronuclei, multipolar cells, sister chromatid exchanges, c- mitosis are common in vegetables. Such abnormalities were observed in kharif vegetables like Lycopersicon esculentum, Capsicum annum, Solanum melongena, Abelmoschus esculentus, Cucumis sativus, Vicia faba, Phaseolus vulgaris and rabi vegetables like Allium cepa, Coriandrum sativum, Raphanus sativus, Solanum tuberosum, Pisum sativum etc. The pesticides act as potent environmental mutagens that possess a threat to cause alterations in genetic makeup in vegetables.
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    Pesticide Induced Cytotoxicity Analysis in Human Cells
    (Krishi Sanskriti Publications, 2017) Kaur, Gurpreet; Singh, Sandeep; Jain, A.K.
    The aim of our work was to evaluate the effect of pesticides on cell survival, oxidative stress mechanism in hPBMC (human Peripheral Blood Mononucleated Cells) and lung cancer cells (A549 cell line). Cells were exposed to each atrazine, butachlor, chlorpyriphos and Dichlorvos pesticides of varying concentration individually and in combination of pesticides to evaluate pesticide- pesticide interaction. The hPBMNc and A549 cancer cells have been exposed to 1, 10, 50, 100 μg/ml concentration of each atrazine, butachlor, chlorpyriphos and Dichlorvos for 24 h exposure period. The cytotoxicity study revealed that the atrazine, butachlor, chlorpyriphos and Dichlorvos resulted in statistically significant decrease in cell survival rate in dose dependent manner in hPBMC and A549 cells. The cell cycle arrest has also been observed following 10 μg/ml concentration in cancer cells. The oxidative stress analysis has been done to evaluate the toxicity mechanism behind the cytotoxicity of pesticides under investigation. Our results suggest the increased oxidative stress, and cell cytotoxicity in both hPBMC and A549 Cells. The combined treatments of various pesticides suggest their combinatorial and/or synergistic impact on human cells.