Browsing by Author "Jairath, Ankur"

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Alternate mild drought stress (20.1 MPa PEG) immunizes sensitive chickpea cultivar against lethal chilling by accentuating the defense mechanisms
(Springer, 2016) Kaur, Simranjeet; Jairath, Ankur; Singh, Inderjeet; Nayyar, Harsh; Kumar, Sanjeev
The changes in climate particularly, the rise in temperature and humidity affect the physiological functions of plants subsequently affecting crop productivity adversely. A strategy is required which can be directly implemented in fields to induce the tolerance in crop plants. In present study, two chickpea varieties with contrasting sensitivity PDG3 (Tolerant) and GPF2 (Sensitive) were raised hydroponically, preconditioned with mild drought stress (0.1 MPa PEG-6000) for 3 days (above 0.1 MPa is lethal) and subsequently recovered for double time (6 days) and finally exposed to lethal cold stress (4 °C) for 3 days. We hypothesize that preconditioning with non-lethal drought stress may immunize the plants to combat lethal cold stress. Membrane integrity improved in root and shoot, lipid peroxidation decreased to control level in preconditioned seedlings. Cellular respiration ability (% TTC reduction) increased in the preconditioned seedlings to almost 90 % in the shoot and 60 % in the root, concurrently it was 45 % in non-preconditioned seedlings. Proline content also increased in preconditioned seedlings, especially roots. Carbohydrate had a shift in terms of a high amount of total, reducing sugars and starch in non-preconditioned seedlings compared to preconditioned. Both PDG3 and GPF2 showed enhanced SOD, CAT and GPOX activity indicating tolerance against cold-induced oxidative stress and preconditioning induced improvement against lethal cold stress.
Nanotoxicology: Toxicity Evaluation, Risk Assessment and Management
(CRC Press Taylor and Francis group, 2018) Parkash, Jyoti; Sharma, Arti; Jairath, Ankur
Nanoparticles have an interesting surface chemistry and are used in a wide variety of applications ranging from consumer products like socks, medical dressings, and computer chips. They have also been shown antimicrobial, anti-bacterial activity and wound healing properties. The small size of the particles makes nanotechnology so useful for the drug delivery system, but this small size is also one of the main factors that make them a potential threat to human health. Nanomedicines have played a very important role in the field of diagnosis and therapy in the past decade and still continue to be an important element of success in the field of medicine. The effect of nanoparticles on the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells has been studied under regeneration medicine and material science. However, advances in nanotechnology innovation related to stem cell biology and cell reprogramming remain less progressive. It is very crucial to study the cell-nanoparticle interactions in depth to eradicate any negative effects of the nanoparticles. The cellular toxicity of nanoparticles has been extensively studied in Mesenchymal-epithelial stem cells (mESCs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Investigations purporting to study the toxicity of metal particulates are still in their infancy at this time and have concentrated on revealing the toxicity, tissue distribution, and antibacterial properties of metallic nanoparticles, and in addition the tissue distribution and cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles. Therefore, more study is needed to understand the role of these nanoparticles on human health.
Status of endogenous antioxidants defense in preconditioned contrasting chickpea in precondioned contrasting chickpea (cicer arietinum) seedlingls
(Central University of Punjab, 2014) Jairath, Ankur; Kumar, Sanjeev
Plants experience various abiotic stresses of low or elevated temperature, drought and heavy metals. Chickpea (CicerarietinumL.) is one of the important crop belongs to the family Leguminosae and it is the second most important grain legume plant in the world after common bean. Chickpea has evolved as a spring crop in warmer climate of West Asia. Therefore, it is prone to chilling injury as in north India; chickpea is cultivated in winter season. To protect the plant from chilling injury, preconditioning the plants with mild drought stress might triggers the signalling pathways that will prepare the plants to combat lethal cold stress. This is determined by monitoring the various cell responses at different phases. Therefore antioxidative enzyme activity of the SOD, APX, GPOX, LOX, CAT enzymes was done. In our study, both the varieties, PDG3 and GPF2 showed equalvariation towards SOD, CAT, GPOX, and APX activity. Enhanced SOD, CAT & GPOX activity in both the varieties showed increased tolerance towards cold stress. Less LOX activity showed preconditioning decreased membrane damage in preconditioned seedlings. Thus, preconditioning with mild drought stress has enhanced tolerance capacity of the plant during the cold stress.