Browsing by Author "Kaur, Amandeep"

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Application of Image Processing using Computer in Detection of Defective Printed Circuit Boards
(International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 2017) Kaur, Beant; Kaur, Amandeep; Kaur, Gurmeet
In these days, image processing has been used in many applications. It is the process for performing the different operations on the images using various functions. In this paper, image processing is used for finding the defective printed circuit boards. For finding the defective printed circuit boards, the parameters like entropy, standard deviation and euler number has been used. The result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Assessment of soybean inhibitor as a biopesticide against melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)
(Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017) Kaur, Harpreet; Kaur, Amandeep; Kaur, Amrit Pal; Rup, Pushpinder J.; Sohal, Satwinder K.
In the current study, the soybean trypsin?chymotrypsin inhibitor (Bowman?Birk Inhibitor, SBBI) was tested against Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), a major pest of cucurbit crops. Bioassays conducted using different concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200?ppm) revealed a detrimental effect of the inhibitor on the growth and development of the second instar larvae of the melon fruit fly. SBBI prolonged the larval and total development period and reduced the percentage pupation and emergence. Enzymatic assays of proteases conducted at three time intervals using the LC40 (59?ppm) concentration of SBBI showed an inhibitory effect on trypsin activity, whereas an increase was observed in the activity of chymotrypsin, elastase and leucine aminopeptidase. Among the enzymes involved in detoxification, antioxidant and general metabolism, an increase was observed in the activity of catalases, and acid and alkaline phosphatases at most treatment intervals. The activity of esterases was induced only with prolonged treatment whereas that of glutathione S-transferases was suppressed in larvae treated with SBBI. The findings revealed the potential of SBBI to disrupt the growth of the melon fruit fly. ? 2017, Deutsche Phythomedizinische Gesellschaft.
Baramah Tukhari: Arth-Sanchar Jugat
(Khalsa College, Amritsar, 2018) Kaur, Ramanpreet; Kaur, Amandeep
Children with Specific Learning Disorder: Identification and Interventions
(New Delhi Publishers, 2017) Kaur, Amandeep; Padmanabhan, Jubilee
Specific Learning Disorder (SpLD) as a ‘Disorder’ has started attaining considerable attention recently because of the felt need to ensure timely identification and intervention for the betterment of the present and future suffering of such children. For achieving this purpose, better understanding of every aspect of SpLD is very essential for the teachers, as he/she has the responsibility towards such students being specially able children and it is necessary to guide and train them in proper direction. While highlighting the need and importance of early identification of the students with specific learning disorder, this paper will focus on the various tools and techniques for the screening of SpLD; national and international level programs and policies and school based interventions that can facilitate the learning which can give wings to the dreams of such students.
Classification of Breast Cancer Mammographic Images Using A Light-Weighted Convolutional Neural Network
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-04-10T00:00:00) Kaur, Palwinder; Kaur, Amandeep
Deep learning is a method demanded by radiologists to assist them interpret and classify medical images correctly. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is the most widely used method for classifying and analysing images. In this paper, a light-weighted CNN is presented for breast cancer classification using a dataset of breast mammography images. The suggested methodology improves the classification of mammary cancer images to assist radiologists in the detection of mammary cancer. The application of the proposed model can help in the diagnosis of mammary cancer using digital mammograms without any preceding information about the existence of a cancerous lesion. The proposed CNN can categorize the input medical images as malignant or benign with an accuracy of 99.35% which is the highest accuracy achieved for such a large mammography dataset. � 2023 IEEE.
A Comprehensive Review on Performance of AODV and DSDV Protocol Using Manhattan Grid Mobility Model
(IJRET, 2014) Kaur, Amandeep; Mittal, Meenakshi
Wireless networks have become an epitome of revolution in the communication industry as these have enabled the devices to communicate and access information independent of their location. These networks can be classified into two categories: Infrastructure based and Infrastructure less. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) fall under infrastructureless category in which nodes are able to move thereby making the topology of the network highly dynamic. Due to the dynamically changing topology, efficient routing mechanisms needed to be developed, which led to the foundations of various mobile ad hoc routing protocols. There are a number of mobile ad hoc routing protocols proposed to serve different purposes like security and transmission efficiency. These protocols are divided into two categories: Table based and Demand based. Through this work, table based traditional routing protocol DSDV and demand based routing protocol AODV have been assessed through simulation using Manhattan Grid mobility model. Comprehensive analysis was carried out to analyze which protocol performs better in the assumed scenarios. The performance metrics evaluated for the two protocols are Throughput, Average End to End delay, Routing Overhead and Packet Delivery Ratio
Contrast enhancement for cephalometric images using wavelet-based modified adaptive histogram equalization
(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Kaur, Amandeep; Singh, Chandan
Cephalometric images usually have low contrast. The existing techniques for automatic cephalometric analysis usually use histogram equalization for image enhancement. This technique has the advantage of being fully automatic and nonlinear. However, it suffers from spikes, excessive enhancement, and lack of brightness preservation. The proposed technique is an adaptive histogram equalization technique that uses wavelet based gradient histograms. This paper compares its performance with two traditional techniques, three histogram modification based techniques, and two wavelet based techniques. Forty digital and scanned cephalograms are used to conduct tests. In addition to visual histograms and intensity profiles, the proposed method is compared in terms of eight quantitative measures. The various measures are applied to analyze the results in terms of contrast enhancement (EME, CNR), brightness preservation (AMBE), edge conservation and enhancement (H, TEN), preservation of image structures and non-addition distortion (MSSIM, SVD-M). The proposed method gives good contrast enhancement, with better brightness preservation without losing edge information and with the minimum addition of distortions to the enhanced cephalometric images. ? 2016 Elsevier B.V.
A cross-sectional study to correlate antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and inflammation with prevalence of hypertension
(Elsevier Inc., 2022-10-28T00:00:00) Kaur, Sukhchain; Rubal; Kaur, Satveer; Kaur, Amandeep; Kaur, Sandeep; Gupta, Sushil; Mittal, Sunil; Dhiman, Monisha
Aims: Hypertension a multifactorial consequence of environmental factors, life style and genetics is the well-recognized risk factor contributing to coronary heart diseases. The antioxidant imbalance, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress which is pivotal in progression of hypertension. The present study aims to understand the complex interaction between oxidative stress, inflammation and antioxidant system which is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis which further can exaggerate hypertension pathophysiology. Materials and methods: The metabolic profile of hypertensive and normotensive subjects from Malwa region, Punjab was compared by estimating lipid profile, cardiac, hepatic and renal markers. The oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation), inflammatory markers (Nitric oxide, Myeloperoxidase and advanced oxygen protein products), and antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Total Antioxidant Capacity) were analyzed. Key findings: It is observed that the metabolic markers are altered in hypertensive subjects which further these subjects showed increased oxidative, inflammatory profile and compromised antioxidant status when compared with normotensive subjects. Co-relation analysis validated the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress in impaired endothelial function and vital organ damage. Significance of study: These markers may act as early indicators of hypertension which usually do not show any physical symptoms, thus can be diagnosed and treated at the earliest. The current study suggests that disturbed homeostasis, a consequence of altered interaction between antioxidant system and inflammatory events raises the oxidative stress levels which eventually leads to hypertension and associated complications. These indicators can serve as early indicators of future chronic complications of hypertension. � 2022
Degraded Document Binarization
(International Conference on Advancements in Engineering and Technology (ICAET), 2017) Rani, Usha; Kaur, Amandeep; Joshan, Gurpreet Singh
Document image binarization is first and very important step of Optical Character Recognition system. Binarization converts the document image into bi-level form.There exists many Document binarization techniques in which we have mainly one or two parameters. Output completely depends upon the values of these user defined parameters. One such parameter is window size in case of sliding window binarization techniques like Niblack;s, Bernsen's, Nick, Sauvola etc. In this proposed work we have tried to modify Sauvola's method is state of art
Detection of defective printed circuit boards using image processing
(Inderscience Publishers, 2018) Kaur, Beant; Kaur, Gurmeet; Kaur, Amandeep
Manufacturing of printed circuit boards involves three stages (printing, component fabrication over surface of printed circuit boards, soldering of components), where inspection at every stage is very important to improve the quality of production. Image subtraction method is widely used for finding the difference between any two images. Using this method, defects have been detected by finding the difference between reference (defect free) and test image (to be inspected). The major limitation of image subtraction is that both the images should have same size and same orientation. The proposed method removes the above explained limitation of image subtraction method and also calculates total number of defects on printed circuit boards. The proposed method is tested on six test images. The experimental results show that proposed method is simple, economical and easy to implement in small and medium scale industries where most of the inspection is still done by humans.
Face detection in still images under occlusion and non-uniform illumination
(Springer, 2021-01-26T00:00:00) Kumar, Ashu; Kumar, Munish; Kaur, Amandeep
Face detection is important part of face recognition system. In face recognition, face detection is taken not so seriously. Face detection is taken for granted; primarily focus is on face recognition. Also, many challenges associated with face detection, increases the value of TN (True Negative). A lot of work has been done in field of face recognition. But in field of face detection, especially with problems of face occlusion and non-uniform illumination, not so much work has been done. It directly affects the efficiency of applications linked with face detection, example face recognition, surveillance, etc. So, these reasons motivate us to do research in field of face detection, especially with problems of face occlusion and non-uniform illumination. The main objective of this article is to detect face in still image. Experimental work has been conducted on images having problem of face occlusion and non-uniform illumination. Experimental images have been taken from public dataset AR face dataset and Color FERET dataset. One manual dataset has also been created for experimental purpose. The images in this manual dataset have been taken from the internet. This involves making the machine intelligent enough to acquire the human perception and knowledge to detect, localize and recognize the face in an arbitrary image with the same ease as humans do it. This article proposes an efficient technique for face detection from still images under occlusion and non-uniform illumination. The authors have presented a face detection technique using a combination of YCbCr, HSV and L � a � b color model. The proposed technique improved results in terms of Accuracy, Detection Rate, False Detection Rate and Precision. This technique can be useful in the surveillance and security related applications. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.
Face detection techniques: a review
(Springer, 2019) Kumar, A; Kaur, Amandeep; Kumar, M.
With the marvelous increase in video and image database there is an incredible need of automatic understanding and examination of information by the intelligent systems as manually it is getting to be plainly distant. Face plays a major role in social intercourse for conveying identity and feelings of a person. Human beings have not tremendous ability to identify different faces than machines. So, automatic face detection system plays an important role in face recognition, facial expression recognition, head-pose estimation, human–computer interaction etc. Face detection is a computer technology that determines the location and size of a human face in a digital image. Face detection has been a standout amongst topics in the computer vision literature. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of various techniques explored for face detection in digital images. Different challenges and applications of face detection are also presented in this paper. At the end, different standard databases for face detection are also given with their features. Furthermore, we organize special discussions on the practical aspects towards the development of a robust face detection system and conclude this paper with several promising directions for future research. © 2018, Springer Nature B.V.
Handover between Wi-Fi and WiMAX technologies using GRE tunnel
(Springer, 2019) Aimen, Aroof; Hamid,, S; Ahmad, S; Chisti, M.A; Khurana, Surinder Singh; Kaur, Amandeep
The next era of wireless grid inclines to be heterogeneous in the composition, i.e., wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and WiMAX networks desire co-breathe, so there is a demand for the best utilization of the accessible mixed chains. This paper considers the issue of handover between Wi-Fi and WiMAX grids with seamless connectivity. For this, first, a mobile terminal that abuts both IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 technologies was designed in the simulator. The developed mobile node was then introduced in the simulation scenario to study the various metrics. Second, we present the incorporation of GRE tunnel between the home agent and base stations for doing away with latency and packet drop and thereby improving the MOS value of the interest of consumers, giving impetus to efficiency day instant and day forth. © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
Identification of Counterfeit Indian Currency Note using Image Processing and Machine Learning Classifiers
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023-03-27T00:00:00) Sharan, Vivek; Kaur, Amandeep; Singh, Parvinder
Technology is continuously changing our life. Day by day, it makes our life easy, but some challenges and issues exist. Counterfeit currency is one of them. It happens because of the production and circulation of currency without the permission of an authorized system. Some people use scanning and printing technology to produce such notes and circulate them around us, which is a kind of forgery.It leads to personal loss and degrades the Country's economy. Such notes are very similar to the original, which becomes a problem for ordinary people to identify the authenticity of the currency, especially for visually impaired people. However, most researchers proposed different methods to differentiate real notes from fake ones based on the currency's shape, colors, and size. The notes are easily detected when the condition of the note is good but difficult when it deteriorates over time. Extracting features from such notes is another challenging task. Some systems are available to only specific sectors and not easily available to common people. Therefore, a system that can distinguish between real and fake notes is required. This article classifies Indian Currency notes as real or fake with four supervised Machine Learning algorithms i.e., Support Vector Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression followed by Image Processing techniques. This study has implemented these algorithms on the dataset of 1372 currency image samples, out of which 762 are real, and the remaining are fake, available on the UCI machine learning repository. Further, the performance of all the algorithms is measured in terms of accuracy, recall, Precision, and F1-score and after analyzing, it is observed that the K-Nearest Neighbor leverage outstanding results compared to other algorithms. � 2023 IEEE.
INDIA AND CENTRAL ASIAN REPUBLICS ECONOMIC COOPERATION: AN ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS
(Central University of Punjab, 2018) Kaur, Amandeep; Singh, Bawa
India and Central Asia have been enjoying long historical and civilizational relations since the recorded history. Due to the prominent historical links, both regions have been sharing great economic engagements as well. After coming under the imperial powers, these historical relations had been weakened and even if one says, the same had come to an end, would not be an exaggeration. With the disintegration of the former USSR, both the regions have started rediscovering each other. However, the relations between both the regions have been remained untapped and unrealized to the potentials given the internal and external dynamics. With the introduction of liberalization, globalization and privatization, Indian economy has been emerged as a potential economy. of India, it is a very peculiar situation. On the one hand, the Indian economy has growing at the faster pace but at the same time, its domestic energy is not coinciding. Moreover, India has been remained depended on Middle East Asian countries. Given, turbulence in the region, now India has been started looking towards the other regions as well. In this background, given geopolitical environment and substantial gap between production and consumption, India has been started reorienting towards the Central Asian Republics. Therefore, the present study India and Central Asia. For the first objective, Indo-CARs Economic Cooperation, the researcher has analysed the trade trends and patterns between India and CARs. The data has been taken from UNCOMTRADE database since 2000 to 2015 and have used SITC 02- digit code for all 99 commodities. It has also calculated the Hirschman Concentration also employed the gravity model to find the potential economic cooperation between both Indo-CARs. The second objective of this thesis is energy economics between India and CARs. Under this study, the researcher has examined the energy economics of India-CARs by using the empirical data from various energy database sources regarding crude oil and natural gas production/consumption as well imports and prices. The trade potential index has been measured to assess either the Central Asia will be a next future energy partner of India or not. In order to examine the third objective-geopolitical perspective, the scholar has made comparative study of China, Russia, and the U.S. with the region in terms of trade and energy cooperation and their implications for India. As far as the trends and patterns of economic cooperation is concerned, it has been found out that the trade between both the region is at the lowest ebb. The total trade between India and CARs is less than US$ 1 billion. Kazakhstan is the major trading partner of India among the CARs. The energy economics has pointed out that the total imports of oil and petroleum product by India is stood at the quantum of US$ 274 million. The comparative prices of the CARs are higher (Kazakhstan US$ 50p/b & Turkmenistan US$ 57p/b) than the other energy destinations. Thus, it is clearly indicated that CARs has not yet been a favorable energy supplier of India. However, it can be a significant energy provider of India by reducing the monopoly power of OPEC countries and other Middle East countries with competitive oil prices. The present study has also pointed out that China, Russia, and the - economic engagements with the region which have affected India energy interests in the region by introducing and implementing the various economic and energy projects. Along with the geopolitical challenges, it has also been found out that lack of connectivity and less liberalized economic policies on part of CARs are the major hurdle to realize the full potential of the economic and energy cooperation. Given these challenges, India and CARs have not been able to realize the full potential of economic and energy cooperation. However, India has been investing its investment in the direction of connectivity like INSTC and Chabahar projects. India and Central Asia have demographic dividends, large untapped markets, and institutionalized structural reforms are being putting in place. Therefore, it is anticipated that there is a huge potential for economic and energy cooperation between India and CARs.
India's trade with six EU countries: Trends and patterns
(Central University of Punjab, 2013) Kaur, Amandeep; Kaur, Sandeep
India and European Union trade relations go back to 1960s. Both sides started their bilateral trade relations after their first summit which, was held in 2000 and after that India-EU has gone through various rounds of summits and negotiations for improving the bilateral trade ties. As a result, Free Trade Agreement was agreed upon between them in 2007 but it is still not fully implemented. EU is India's largest trading partner which has accounted 14.8 percent in its total trade in 2011. The study has taken up six nations of EU namely Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and UK as these countries have a large average share of trade with India during 1996-2011. The study strives to find out the trade competitiveness and patterns of India with these six EU countries by using various indices like Trade Intensity Index (TII), Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage Index (RSCA) and Intra Industry Trade Index (IIT). The study finds out that India's growth of exports are more as compared to imports towards these countries. Among EU's six countries, UK, Germany, Netherlands and France are the main trade partners of India. Regarding commodity composition, India's 'iron and steel', 'organic chemicals' and 'electrical equipments' are the main top ten export commodities and 'pearls and precious stones metals & coins etc', 'organic chemicals', 'electrical equipment', 'iron and steel', 'nuclear reactors', 'optical photos' and 'commodities elsewhere classified' are in the top ten import commodities of India from these six countries. Regarding RCA index of India with these countries commodities namely 'silk', 'cotton', 'articles of accessories' and 'articles of leather' and 'animals guts' have still remained in top position during the whole study period and with the severe effect of Euro crisis, some of the commodities lost their earlier place in 2011 like Indian 'cotton', 'tea coffee' and 'carpets'. RSCA index shows almost same results for these commodities. Then in the IIT index for 'chemicals and allied industries', 'wood and wood products', 'metals' and 'machinery electrical' accounted higher value of IIT index in 2000 but it has been decreasing in 2011. The study suggested that, there is diversification in goods and latest technology should be used to benefit from bilateral trade. There is still further scope to improve the FDI flows between India-EU. India should adopt policies which are open, attractive and investor friendly to enhance the FDI flows. There is a need to implement the FTA agreement at fast pace, for this there is great requirement of political will.
Influence of link sensing mechanism of IMEP on the performance of TORA under different mobility models
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2015) Kaur, Amandeep; Mittal, Meenakshi
The performance evaluation of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) routing protocols is an important as well as open area of research worldwide. Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) is an adaptable and distributed MANET routing protocol which is dependent on the services of Internet MANET Encapsulation Protocol (IMEP) for its various necessary functions like link status detection. The incorrect link failure detection by IMEP leads to creation of congested network and initiation of avoidable route maintenance in TORA. Thus changes need to be introduced in the link sensing mechanism provided by IMEP to improve the detection of links in TORA. According to previously available research, if the maximum number of OBM retransmissions is increased, significant improvement in the performance of TORA is noticed. This modification has been implemented in this paper and performance of Enhanced TORA is evaluated under Random-Waypoint model, Manhattan-Grid mobility model and Random-Direction model using FTP traffic with 10 connections. The results are then compared with those of original TORA using various performance metrics like Packet Delivery Ratio, Average End to End Delay and Routing Overhead. ? 2014 IEEE.
INSPECTION OF DEFECTIVE PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS USING IMAGE PROCESSING
(Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE), 2017) Kaur, Beant; Kaur, Amandeep; Kaur, Gurmeet
The goal of this paper is to present the inspection of defective Printed Circuit boards with the help of image processing. As Image processing is an important and useful toolbox in these days. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the fundamental component of electronic devices. The performance of the electronics product depends on the quality of PCBs. The defects detection (if any) in the first stage of manufacturing process (on bare PCB) reduces the overall manufacturing cost of PCBs. In this paper, defects detection on bare PCB images is presented using different image processing techniques.
Mental illness among school children: Causative factors, consequences and remedies
(Gupta Publications, 2018) Sunder, Shyam; Kaur, Amandeep; Dhillon , Shamshir Singh
Mobility model based performance analysis of DSDV mobile ad hoc routing protocol
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2014) Kaur, Amandeep
Wireless Networking has become the phrase du jour these days because of an attractive number of benefits it offers to the end users, by enabling them to access a wide pool of resources and information irrespective of the physical location of the devices used by them across the globe. Mobile ad hoc networks are a kind of infrastructure less wireless networks in which all the nodes act as peers and share information as well as resources. Mobile ad hoc networks are an open area of research since these have not been deployed widely yet. Every research in the field of networking focuses on the efficient, accurate, reliable, secure and immediate delivery of data. Therefore, the routing of data across the mobile ad hoc network is a major concern of researchers all over the world. Several routing protocols have been proposed and implemented to send data efficiently across mobile ad hoc networks. The performance evaluation of these protocols has been going on since a long time. In most of the studies, the focus has been on the variations in pause times and network size to measure the performance of various mobile ad hoc network routing protocols. A very few work has been done on the performance analysis of protocols by varying the underlying mobility models. Through this paper, investigations have been made into the behavior of DSDV mobile ad hoc routing protocol by varying the underlying mobility models. The metrics used to analyze the performance are Throughput, Average End to End delay, Routing overhead and Packet Delivery Ratio. ? 2014 IEEE.