Browsing by Author "Kaur, Gurpreet"

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ASSOCIATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS WITH CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2B6 AND PON1 GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY OF BATHINDA
(Central University of Punjab, 2018) Kaur, Gurpreet; Jain, A. K. and Singh, Sandeep
The aim of present study is to evaluate the association of oxidative stress with CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and PON1 genetic variation in the pesticide exposed (occupationally) population. The present study demonstrated that the relative risk (RR) of declined antioxidant defense (Glutathione, Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione peroxidases, Glutathione Reductase) mechanism was significantly more in occupationally pesticide exposed group (n=120) as compared to unexposed group (n=84) from Bathinda district of Punjab (India). Although the age, BMI and alcohol intake were observed to be independent risk factors to decline the antioxidant defense mechanism, but the pesticide exposure was observed to be another risk factor to increase the oxidative stress inside the body. The gas chromatographic analysis revealed the residues of organophosphates (chlorpyriphos, dichlorvos, ethoprophos) and herbicides (atrazine, butachlor, alachlor, metolachlor) in the blood samples of population under investigation. Our results showed a dose dependent decrease in the cell viability following pesticide treatment (detected in blood samples) alone or in combination in hPBMC and A549 human lung cancer cell line. The pesticide treatment resulted the cell death in apoptotic manner via increased reactive oxygen species and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. Genetic variation analysis revealed the detection of two missense mutations [g.40991390G>T (SNP ID: rs33926104), g.40991388T>C (unknown)] on CYP2B6 gene of chromosome 19 in the coding region (exon 1) that results in the R29S and D28G amino acid change in CYP2B6 protein. One missense mutation (g.99758180C>T) has been detected in CYP3A4 gene that leads to change of amino acid from valine to isoleucine (V489I) at 489 location of protein. The mutated proteins have been predicted to change the structure and conformation of protein structure, thereby can alter its interaction with various DNA, membrane, ligand or . g.99757990A>T, g.99758050A>C and g.99758022A>T had been detected in CYP3A4 gene that may impair the post-translational modification of protein. So, the oxidative stress and pesticide residue accumulation inside the body could be the reason for more health problems in Bathinda district. Further, there is need to elaborate the research to study the genetic polymorphism in all pesticide metabolism genes.
Biochemical Adaptations in Zea mays Roots to Short-Term Pb2+ Exposure: ROS Generation and Metabolism
(Springer, 2015) Kaur, Gurpreet; Kaur, Shubhpreet; Singh,Harminder Pal; Batish, Daizy Rani; Kohli, R.K.; Rishi, Valbha
The present study investigated the effect of lead (0, 16, 40 and 80 mg L?1 Pb2+) exposure for 3, 12 and 24 h on root biochemistry in hydroponically grown Zea mays (maize). Pb2+ exposure (80 mg L?1) enhanced malondialdehyde content (239 %�427 %), reactive carbonyl groups (425 %�512 %) and H2O2 (129 %�294 %) accumulation during 3�24 h of treatment, thereby indicating cellular peroxidation and oxidative damage. The quantitative estimations were in accordance with in situ detection of ROS generation (using 2?,7?-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate dye) and H2O2 accumulation. Pb2+ treatment significantly reduced ascorbate and glutathione content during 3�24 h of exposure. On the contrary, levels of non-protein thiols were enhanced by 3�11.8 time over control in response to 16�80 mg L?1 Pb2+ treatment, after 24 h. A dose-dependent induction in ascorbate peroxidase and lipoxygenase enzyme activity was observed in Z. mays roots. The activities of ascorbate-recycling enzymes (dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase) were significantly increased in relation to concentration and duration of Pb2+ treatment. The study concludes that Pb2+-exposure induces ROS-mediated oxidative damage during early period of exposure despite the upregulation of enzymes of ascorbate�glutathione cycle.
Eradicating Cancer Stem Cells: Concepts, Issues, and Challenges
(Springer New York LLC, 2018) Kaur, Gurpreet; Sharma, Praveen; Dogra, Nilambra; Singh, Sandeep
The cells of malignant cancers result in the evolution of cells with stem-like characteristics, commonly known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Progress of anticancer therapies is severely hampered because of disease relapse mostly in a more aggressive form due to CSCs. These CSCs are more or less like embryonic or tissue stem cells, known for their capacity of self-renewal, exactly recapitulate of the original tumor. Deregulation of key stem cell pathways like Wnt, Hedgehog (Hh), and Notch is attributed towards the rise of CSCs. Recent breakthroughs offer better insights into CSC signaling. Scientists have developed several combinatorial therapies like targeting one/multiple of these CSC pathways. The article summarized various markers used to identify CSCs and discuss major signaling pathways in them. The futuristic probabilities to use CSC therapeutics in clinical development have been discussed. Our views have been highlighted on the future directions for targeting advances in the clinical development. ? 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Exogenous Nitric Oxide (NO) interferes with lead (Pb)-induced toxicity by detoxifying reactive oxygen species in hydroponically grown wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots
(Public Library of Science, 2015) Kaur, Gurpreet; Singh, Harminder Pal; Daizy R. Batish; Mahajan, Priyanka; Kohli, R.K.; Valbha, Rishi
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a bioactive signaling molecule that mediates a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the role of NO (as SNP [sodium nitroprusside]) in ameliorating lead (Pb)-toxicity in Triticum aestivum (wheat) roots. Pb (50 and 250 ?M) alone and in combination with SNP (100 ?M) was given to hydroponically grown wheat roots for a period of 0-8 h. NO supplementation reduced the accumulation of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, hydroxyl ions and superoxide anion) and decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity in wheat roots particularly up to 6 h, thereby suggesting its role as an antioxidant. NO ameliorated Pb-induced membrane damage in wheat roots as evidenced by decreased ion-leakage and in situ histochemical localization. Pb-exposure significantly decreased in vivo NO level. The study concludes that exogenous NO partially ameliorates Pb-toxicity, but could not restore the plant growth on prolonged Pb-exposure. ? 2015 Kaur et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Exogenous nitric oxide (NO) interferes with lead (pb)-induced toxicity by detoxifying reactive oxygen species in hydroponically grown wheat (Triticum aestivum) roots,
(PLOS ONE, 2015) Kaur, Gurpreet; Singh, Harminder Pal; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.; Rishi, Valbha
Nitric Oxide (NO) is a bioactive signaling molecule that mediates a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the role of NO (as SNP [sodium nitroprusside]) in ameliorating lead (Pb)-toxicity in Triticum aestivum (wheat) roots. Pb (50 and 250 ?M) alone and in combination with SNP (100 ?M) was given to hydroponically grown wheat roots for a period of 0�8 h. NO supplementation reduced the accumulation of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, hydroxyl ions and superoxide anion) and decreased the antioxidant enzyme activity in wheat roots particularly up to 6 h, thereby suggesting its role as an antioxidant. NO ameliorated Pb-induced membrane damage in wheat roots as evidenced by decreased ion-leakage and in situ histochemical localization. Pb-exposure significantly decreased in vivo NO level. The study concludes that exogenous NO partially ameliorates Pb-toxicity, but could not restore the plant growth on prolonged Pb-exposure.
Foreign direct investment in south asia : Trends and prospects
(Central University of Punjab, 2012) Kaur, Gurpreet; Kaur, Sandeep
Foreign investment for these countries is an important strategy to achieve the objectives of increasing industrial production to fulfill the basic needs of people, to generate maximum employment opportunities, to attain high growth regime, to pave way for the improvement in balance of payments. Keeping in view the importance of FDI in regional integration scheme, there is a need to look into the growth and performance of foreign direct investment inflows as well as outflows of South Asia Nations. Therefore study's objectives are to examine position of South Asia nations in FDI inflows and outflows from world during 1990-2010. To study the growth of FDI in South Asia Nations during 1990-2010. to analyze the performance of South Asia Nations in terms of different FDI indicators. to examine the pattern of foreign direct investment of South Asia Nations and to study constraints and prospects of foreign direct investment of South Asia Nations. Keeping in mind the nature of the study, secondary data has been calculated from the different sources like UNCTAD World Investment Report's various reports of SAARC economies etc. The growth rate of FDI inflows in South Asia (24.77 percent) is much more than other developing economies (14.45 percent) and Asia (13.99 percent) during 1990-2010, still the inflows are not sufficient for the development of the region. The maximum average contribution in percentage share of South Asia's FDI inflows is of India (78.02), followed by Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka (12.07 percent, 5.69 percent, 2.93 percent) for 1990-2010. Regarding FDI out flows, the growth rate of FDI out flows in South Asia (47.97 percent) is much more than developing economies (15.26 percent), developed economies (11.43 percent) and Asia (14.67 percent) during 1990-2010. The comparative analysis of FDI inflows and outflows, it clearly shows that growth of FDI outflows is much more as compared to the growth of FDI inflows in developing economies, Asia and South Asia during 1990-2010. The maximum average contribution in percentage share of South Asias's FDI outflows is of India (89.28 percent) followed by Pakistan (5.76 percent), Sri Lanka (3.65 percent) and Bangladesh (1.31 percent) during 1990-2010. The comparative analysis of the percentage share of inflows and outflows, it clearly shows that the average of the percentage share of South Asia's inflows are much more than the average of percentage shares of South Asia FDI outflows during 1990-2010. They are various potentials of intra-regional FDI, yet investment from other countries outside is not satisfactory. This is due to the prevalence of some hindrances in South Asian countries which are acting as bottlenecks to the smooth flow of investment both intra-regional and outside the region, like, difference in size of economics, trade barriers, poor condition of infrastrure, appropriate and effective banking, lack of cross-border facilities, political factors etc. The study suggests that FDI in South Asia is very closely related to high economic growth of the region and most areas in these countries are under developed whereas huge natural resources exist in these regions, which can attract FDI for high growth.
Fruit waste (peel) as bio-reductant to synthesize silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities
(University of South Bohemia, 2018) Annu; Ahmed, Shakeel; Kaur, Gurpreet; Sharma, Praveen; Singh, Sandeep; Ikram, Saiqa
Since last decade, biogenic synthesis of metal or metal-oxide nanoparticles is emerging as an alternative method, which is environment friendly, simple and safe to use. In this article, fruit waste (peel) extract (FWE) of three citrus fruits viz. Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, and Citrus limetta were used as bio-reductant for green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). As-synthesised AgNPs were characterized by using UV-vis spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering, and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. TEM studies revealed 9-46 nm size range of synthesized AgNPs. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were also studied by using Agar well diffusion method and DPPH Assay, respectively. Nanoparticles showed good antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive (S. aureus) and Gram negative (E. coli) bacteria. Further, bioactivity assays revealed selective cytotoxicity (anticancer) of the nanoparticles against human lung cancer cell line A549. The nanoparticles are able to induce cancer cell specific apoptosis at G0/G1 phase of cell cycle. The results showed potential mechanism of action of nanoparticles via augmentation of antioxidant system in cancer cells. Over all, this study show multifaceted potential bioactivities of nanoparticles generated from fruit waste. ? 2018 Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice.
Inhibitory effect of essential oil of ocimum sanctum l. against pesticide induced genotoxicity
(Central University of Punjab, 2012) Kaur, Gurpreet; Mittal, Sunil
The increase in pesticide contamination in the environment is of great concern due to its strong association with genetic material. The plants are considered as natural drugs to decline such toxic effects. In present study, the genotoxicity of Monocrotophos has been evaluated in lung cancer cell line i.e. A549 and H1299. The further step is to evaluate the prevention Monocrotophos induced genotoxic effect by pretreatment and post-treatment of O. sanctum essential oil. The results of present study suggest that eugenol (46%) and caryophyllene (28%) are the major components of essential oil of O. sanctum apart from other minor components. The essential oil cause increase in cell proliferation rate at lower concentration (20 ?g/ml for 6hrs.) in A549 cells while decrease in cell proliferation rate with increase in essential oil treatment after 20 ?g/ml concentration. Also, the cell viability has not been affected at 10 ?g/ml concentration in both the cell lines. On the other hand, Monocrotophos also cause increase cell proliferation rate at lower concentration (6.25 ?M - 200 ?M) for 6 hrs. in A549 cells and significant decrease in cell proliferation rate at higher concentration (1 mM -50 mM) in both the cell line. The results suggest that the H1299 cells, lacking p53 expression, are more sensitive to essential oil and Monocrotophos concentrations. The genotoxic study revealed that the Monocrotophos caused increase in comet length, % DNA in tail, tail length, tail intensity and decrease in Head intensity but pre-treat and post-treatment show protective action with respect to various Monocrotophos concentrations. It has been observed that post-treatment is better in comparison to pretreatment of Ocimum sanctum essential oil in all studied parameters. It can be concluded that the essential oils help the cells to compensate the oxidative stress generated inside the cell and hence can protect them from pesticide induced genotoxic effect.
Mandelic acid catalyzed one-pot pseudo three-component synthesis of various trisubstituted methane derivatives at room temperature
(Arkat, 2022-11-03T00:00:00) Banerjee, Bubun; Singh, Arvind; Sharma, Aditi; Priya, Anu; Kaur, Manmeet; Kaur, Gurpreet; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Jaitak, Vikas
A simple, mild, eco-friendly, general and convenient approach has been developed for the synthesis of various trisubstituted methane derivatives via one-pot pseudo three-component reactions between one equivalent of aromatic aldehydes and two equivalents of 6-amino-uracils or dimedone respectively using a catalytic amount of mandelic acid as a low cost, commercially available, efficient organo-catalyst in aqueous ethanol at room temperature. � 2022 Arkat. All rights reserved.
Pesticide Induced Cytotoxicity Analysis in Human Cells
(Krishi Sanskriti Publications, 2017) Kaur, Gurpreet; Singh, Sandeep; Jain, A.K.
The aim of our work was to evaluate the effect of pesticides on cell survival, oxidative stress mechanism in hPBMC (human Peripheral Blood Mononucleated Cells) and lung cancer cells (A549 cell line). Cells were exposed to each atrazine, butachlor, chlorpyriphos and Dichlorvos pesticides of varying concentration individually and in combination of pesticides to evaluate pesticide- pesticide interaction. The hPBMNc and A549 cancer cells have been exposed to 1, 10, 50, 100 μg/ml concentration of each atrazine, butachlor, chlorpyriphos and Dichlorvos for 24 h exposure period. The cytotoxicity study revealed that the atrazine, butachlor, chlorpyriphos and Dichlorvos resulted in statistically significant decrease in cell survival rate in dose dependent manner in hPBMC and A549 cells. The cell cycle arrest has also been observed following 10 μg/ml concentration in cancer cells. The oxidative stress analysis has been done to evaluate the toxicity mechanism behind the cytotoxicity of pesticides under investigation. Our results suggest the increased oxidative stress, and cell cytotoxicity in both hPBMC and A549 Cells. The combined treatments of various pesticides suggest their combinatorial and/or synergistic impact on human cells.
Preparation, development and characterization of Leucaena leucocephala galactomannan (LLG) conjugated sinapic acid: A potential colon targeted prodrug
(Elsevier B.V., 2021-02-22T00:00:00) Kaur, Jasleen; Mehta, Vikrant; Kaur, Gurpreet
Sinapic acid (SA), a widely prevalent hydroxycinnamic acid, possess numerous biological activities owing to its antioxidant property. The present study was aimed to prepare colon targeted polysaccharidic/polymeric ester prodrug of SA (a microbially triggered system) using Leucaena leucocephala galactomannan (LLG) as a polysaccharidic carrier. The polymeric conjugates of SA-LLG were found to exhibit an increase in % yield and DS with increase in amount of SA and volume of thionyl chloride. The degree of depolymerization of SA-LLG prodrug batches were evaluated using optimized concentration of galactomannase. The SA-LLG prodrug was characterized employing UV and FTIR spectroscopy, 1H NMR and XRD. In vitro release study of the optimized prodrug batch (SL10) suggested stable nature of SA-LLG conjugate under acidic (pH 1.2) and alkaline conditions (pH 6.8). The treatment of prodrug with galactomannase (15 mg/mL) followed by esterase (10 U/mL) enzyme released approximately 81% of SA after 24 h. The cell viability results revealed that free SA and SA-LLG were found to have similar antiproliferative potential against human colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116 cells). Our investigation revealed that polysaccharidic prodrug, SA-LLG, has the potential for colon targeting of SA and thus can be employed for the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs). � 2021 Elsevier B.V.