Browsing by Author "Kaur, Manpreet"

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Abiotic stress in algae: response, signaling and transgenic approaches
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-05-02T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Saini, Khem Chand; Ojah, Hiramoni; Sahoo, Rajalakshmi; Gupta, Kriti; Kumar, Adesh; Bast, Felix
High salinity, nutrient deficiency, heavy metals, desiccation, temperature fluctuations, and ultraviolet radiations are major abiotic stress factors considered inhospitable to algal growth and development in natural and artificial environments. All these stressful conditions cause effects on algal physiology and thus biochemical functioning. For instance, long-term exposure to hyper/hypo salinity conditions inhibits cell differentiation and reduces growth. Photosynthesis is completely blocked in algae's dehydrated state, resulting in photoinhibition or photodamage. The limitation of nutrients in aquatic environments inhibits primary production via regulating phytoplankton community development and structure. Hence, in response to these stressful conditions, algae develop plenty of cellular, physiological, and morphological defences to survive and thrive. The conserved and generalized defence responses in algae include the production of secondary metabolites, desaturation of membrane lipids, activation of reactive species scavengers, and accumulation of compatible solutes. Moreover, a well-coordinated and timely response to such stresses involves signal perception and transduction mainly via phytohormones that could sustain algae growth under abiotic stress conditions. In addition, the combination of abiotic stresses and plant hormones could further elevate the biosynthesis of metabolites and enhance the ability of algae to tolerate abiotic stresses. This review aims to present different kinds of stressful conditions confronted by algae and their physiological and biochemical responses, the role of phytohormones in combatting these conditions, and, last, the future transgenic approaches for improving abiotic stress tolerance in algae. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Abiotic stress in algae: response, signaling and transgenic approaches
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-05-02T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Saini, Khem Chand; Ojah, Hiramoni; Sahoo, Rajalakshmi; Gupta, Kriti; Kumar, Adesh; Bast, Felix
High salinity, nutrient deficiency, heavy metals, desiccation, temperature fluctuations, and ultraviolet radiations are major abiotic stress factors considered inhospitable to algal growth and development in natural and artificial environments. All these stressful conditions cause effects on algal physiology and thus biochemical functioning. For instance, long-term exposure to hyper/hypo salinity conditions inhibits cell differentiation and reduces growth. Photosynthesis is completely blocked in algae's dehydrated state, resulting in photoinhibition or photodamage. The limitation of nutrients in aquatic environments inhibits primary production via regulating phytoplankton community development and structure. Hence, in response to these stressful conditions, algae develop plenty of cellular, physiological, and morphological defences to survive and thrive. The conserved and generalized defence responses in algae include the production of secondary metabolites, desaturation of membrane lipids, activation of reactive species scavengers, and accumulation of compatible solutes. Moreover, a well-coordinated and timely response to such stresses involves signal perception and transduction mainly via phytohormones that could sustain algae growth under abiotic stress conditions. In addition, the combination of abiotic stresses and plant hormones could further elevate the biosynthesis of metabolites and enhance the ability of algae to tolerate abiotic stresses. This review aims to present different kinds of stressful conditions confronted by algae and their physiological and biochemical responses, the role of phytohormones in combatting these conditions, and, last, the future transgenic approaches for improving abiotic stress tolerance in algae. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Assessment of antioxidant potential of phytochemicals in human glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cells
(Central University of Punjab, 2014) Kaur, Manpreet; Mantha, Anil K.
Imbalance between production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) leads to oxidative stress and has been well documented for mitochondrial dysfunction, a prime cause towards pathogenesis of neurological diseases and cancer. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive, invasive and primary brain tumor which shows resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that scavenges the production of superoxide radicals and dismutases into H?O? which is further converted into H?O and O? by catalase (CAT) enzyme. Apurinic/Apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) is a central enzyme of base excision repair (BER) pathway with two important functions; DNA repair and redox regulation of transcription factors (TFs) responsible for cell survival. In this study, it was seen that oxidative stress induced by endogenously found oxidants H?O? and glucose oxidase (GO) enhanced the activities of both CuZn-SOD and MnSOD in U-87 MG cells. In addition, CuZn-SOD levels were found to be increased in H?O?-induced oxidative stress and MnSOD levels were found to be increased in both H?O? and GO- induced oxidative stress. Further, pretreatment with phytochemicals Curcumin and Quercetin modulated the activities and expression of both forms of SOD studied. The BER-pathway enzyme, APE1 level was found to be decreased in mitochondria of oxidative stress induced U-87 MG cells by H?O? and GO, and in contrast APE1 level was found to be increased in cytosol, which indicates that oxidative stress affects the expression level and sub-cellular localization of APE1. Taken together, these results indicate that in GBM it is more likely that activated SOD a key player of antioxidant system and APE1 a key player in BER-pathway might be facilitating cancer cells to survive in oxidative stress environment.
C‐N and N‐N bond formation via Reductive Cyclization: Progress in Cadogan /Cadogan‐Sundberg Reaction.
(wiley, 2018) Kaur, Manpreet; Kumar, Raj Kumar
Cadogan/Cadogan‐Sundberg cyclization reaction has been reported as one of the most efficient routes for the synthesis of a wide variety of N‐heterocycles from the easily accessible starting materials such as o‐nitrobiaryls or o‐nitroarenes, o‐nitrostyrenes by treating with tetravalent phosphorus compounds (trialkyl or triaryl phosphines or trialkyl phosphites). The reaction has been successfully employed in Carbon‐Carbon as well as Carbon‐Nitrogen bond formation for the scaffolds like carbazole, indoles, coumarins, and indazoles. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the present review is the first compilation of the literature from almost two decades (2000 to present) on Cadogan/Cadogan‐Sundberg cyclization reaction, its scope, mechanistic aspects, and limitations.
Comparative Performance of Cooperatives and Producer Companies in Member Producer�s Income Enhancement: A Case Study of the Milk Sector in Indian Punjab
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022-06-21T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Singla, Naresh
Small producers� participation in milk collectives such as dairy cooperatives and producer companies is seen as one of the several ways to institutionalize the dairy value chains and leverage their production and marketing strengths. In this context, the study has explored procurement practices of a dairy cooperative vis-�-vis producer company that have recently ventured into direct procurement, processing and retailing of the milk in Indian Punjab and understood their economic impact on the milk producers in Indian Punjab. The findings of the study suggest that both the milk collectives offer higher prices to the producers, resulting in higher profitability than their counterpart non-member milk producers. The findings of the study suggest that the milk collectives need to take additional responsibilities in terms of advancing credit, introducing new production technologies to increase milk productivity and encouraging participation of women milk producers to make such linkages inclusive, effective and sustainable. � 2022 Association of Asia Scholars.
Concise review of green algal genus Monostroma Thuret
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-10-27T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Kala, Swarna; Parida, Aseema; Bast, Felix
Monostroma (Ulotrichales, Chlorophyta) is the most intensively cultivated genus among green seaweeds, accounting for over 90% of total green algal cultivation. It is commonly found in the eulittoral zones of marine and estuarine habitats, thus contributing significantly to the ecology of the coastal ecosystem. Morphologically, the frond of Monostroma is blade-like with eponymous one-cell thickness; therefore, it is also known as �Slender sea lettuce�. Monostroma nitidum is often used for salad ingredients, boiled tsukudani, soups, etc., due to its health benefits. Monostroma kuroshiense is commercially cultivated in�East Asia�and�South America�for the edible product "hitoegusa-nori" or "hirohano-hitoegusa nori", popular�sushi�wraps. This genus remains one of the well-studied seaweed genera for ecophysiology, habitat-dependent seasonality of its growth pattern, gametangial ontogeny and phylogenetics. Moreover, rhamnan sulfate (RS), a sulfated polysaccharide, is the main component of the fiber extracted from�M. nitidum and studied for various biological activities. This review presents the taxonomy, morphology, anatomy, life history, distribution, ecology, physiology, cultivation and harvesting, chemical composition, and biotechnological applications of this genus. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Concise review of green algal genus Monostroma Thuret
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-10-27T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Kala, Swarna; Parida, Aseema; Bast, Felix
Monostroma (Ulotrichales, Chlorophyta) is the most intensively cultivated genus among green seaweeds, accounting for over 90% of total green algal cultivation. It is commonly found in the eulittoral zones of marine and estuarine habitats, thus contributing significantly to the ecology of the coastal ecosystem. Morphologically, the frond of Monostroma is blade-like with eponymous one-cell thickness; therefore, it is also known as �Slender sea lettuce�. Monostroma nitidum is often used for salad ingredients, boiled tsukudani, soups, etc., due to its health benefits. Monostroma kuroshiense is commercially cultivated in�East Asia�and�South America�for the edible product "hitoegusa-nori" or "hirohano-hitoegusa nori", popular�sushi�wraps. This genus remains one of the well-studied seaweed genera for ecophysiology, habitat-dependent seasonality of its growth pattern, gametangial ontogeny and phylogenetics. Moreover, rhamnan sulfate (RS), a sulfated polysaccharide, is the main component of the fiber extracted from�M. nitidum and studied for various biological activities. This review presents the taxonomy, morphology, anatomy, life history, distribution, ecology, physiology, cultivation and harvesting, chemical composition, and biotechnological applications of this genus. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Contextualising Chinese Strategic Foresight in International Relations: Examining ' One Belt One Road Policy'
(ABS Books, 2017) Kaushiki, Nishtha; Mohiuddin, Ghulam; Ramzan, Hilal; Kaur, Manpreet
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 5-(2-Nitrophenyl)-1-aryl-1H-pyrazoles as Topoisomerase Inhibitors
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021-07-09T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Mehta, Vikrant; Arora, Sahil; Munshi, Anjana; Singh, Sandeep; Kumar, Raj
5-(2-Nitrophenyl)-1-aryl-1H-pyrazoles are designed as topoisomerase (Topo) inhibitors, synthesised and assessed for their anticancer properties against breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7), lung (A549), and colorectal (HCT116) cancer cell lines. All the compounds induced significant cytotoxicity at low micromolar concentration. The compound 5e exerted potential anticancer effects on breast cancer cell lines at a low micromolar level (IC50<2 ?M), and showed negligible toxicity towards normal cells. Compound 5 e reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in breast cancer cells, altered mitochondrial membrane potential and induced the cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. This was accompanied by downregulation of oncogenic p-Akt and upregulation of p-PTEN along with modulation of apoptotic markers suggesting multiple mechanisms to reduce cancer cell viability. Finally, the topoisomerase inhibition assay revealed the inhibitory activity of 5 e against Topo I and Topo II. � 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Design, Synthesis, and Anticancer Evaluation of Hemithioindigos via Inhibition of Human Topoisomerases
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-11-06T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Suman, Prabhat; Arora, Sahil; Singh, Tashvinder; Munshi, Anjana; Singh, Sandeep; Kumar, Raj
Hemithioindigos were designed as topoisomerase inhibitors, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer properties against lung (A549) and breast (MDA-MB-468 and MCF7) cancer cell lines. Among all the synthetics, three compounds exerted potential anticancer effects on A549 (lung) and MCF7 (breast) cancer cell lines at low micromolar concentrations. The results revealed that two of these compounds blocked the cancer cells at the G1/S phase, while the third compound showed moderate G2/M inhibition, leading to necrotic cell death. Finally, the topoisomerase inhibition assays revealed their potent Topo I/II inhibitory actions as one of the primary anticancer mechanisms. Molecular docking studies further corroborated these findings. � 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Dynamic Axial Chirality in Drug Design and Discovery: Introduction to Atropisomerism, Classification, Significance, Recent Trends and Challenges
(Springer Singapore, 2021-02-18T00:00:00) Joshi, Gaurav; Kaur, Manpreet; Kumar, Raj
Induction of chirality in non-chiral ligands via involvement of hindered rotation around a single bond has led to the development of atropisomers. The atropisomers behave similarly as the chiral compounds and impact the drug discovery process. The chapter deals importantly with the brief introduction to this class, nomenclature descriptors, methods to measure atropisomers racemization, and the impact of atropisomers on drug discovery and includes relevant examples of drugs both from synthetic and natural origin. The chapter further extends to deal with various methodologies involved in atropselective conversions and regulatory guidelines involved in the development of atropisomers. � Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
An Economic Analysis of Kinnow Cultivation and Marketing in Fazilka District of Punjab
(Society of Economics and Development, 2016) Kaur, Manpreet; Singla, Naresh
The recent re-emergence of agrarian crises in Punjab has again drawn the attention of policy makers towards the viability of alternative crops. In this context, the study attempts production and marketing of one of the alternative and viable crops (i.e kinnow) considered for the farmers in the state. The study has been carried out in a newly carved Fazilka district of Punjab with a sample of 100 farmers selected equally from four villages in two tehsils of the district. The study points that kinnow is profitable crop as benefit-cost ratio, net present value and internal rate of return at 10 per cent rate of discount were worked out to be 2.04, `302289.78 and 40 per cent respectively. The study also reveals that the channel with least number of intermediaries was most efficient as compared with the channels with more number of middlemen. However, the farmers faced various problems such as inefficient marketing process, fluctuations in price, low price, lack of storage facility, etc. The study suggested that in order to realize the benefits of such new crops, there is need to regulated markets with better marketing facilities so that farmers are not only able to reduce their transportation costs but they will also be realize better prices for their produce. Besides, linking the fresh produce with agro-processing industries can go a long way in ensuring the returns from this crop.
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF MILK UNDER FORMAL AND INFORMAL MILK MARKETS IN PUNJAB
(Central University of Punjab, 2019) Kaur, Manpreet; Singla, Naresh
Dairy farming as an allied activity has been considered an alternative to revive the agrarian economy of Punjab. Further, participation of farmers in formal milk markets may increase the income level of farmers, provide them guaranteed market as well as assured price. Hence, in this context, the study was carried out to analyse the relationship between farmers and formal milk market in terms of procurement operations, role of formal milk markets in augmenting income and employment, cost and returns from milk production, factors influencing farmers’ participation in formal milk markets and problems faced by the farmers regarding production and marketing of milk. Based on mainly primary data, three formal milk markets two cooperatives viz. Milkfed and Kaira Milk Union a tier of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) and a producer company namely, Baani Milk Producer Company Limited (BMPCL) were selected for the present study. Out of total 600 sampled farmers, a sample of 100 farmers supplying milk to each formal milk market was selected through the usage of stratified sampling technique. Further, another sample of 100 farmers supplying milk to informal milk market corresponding to each company was selected. Companies under formal milk market procure milk on the basis of fat as well SNF and make payment to farmers after a fixed period of time. Besides, companies involved in formal market also provide technical input services. It was found that participation in formal milk markets v augments the income as well as employment of the farmers. Further, farmers participating in formal milk markets were having more returns from milk production as compared to farmers participating in informal milk market. Distance was found to be the main determinant of farmers’ participation in formal milk markets. Besides, age, education, herd size etc. were also found to be major determinants influencing the farmers’ participation in formal milk markets. However, farmers participating in formal milk market were also facing problems regarding production and marketing of milk such as higher cost of feeding inputs, low price, fluctuations in milk production, requirement of much labour time, distance of milk collection centres from farmers’ farm gate, incidence of diseases among milch animals etc. In order to address these problems, the study recommends some policy measures such as establishment of more than one milk collection centres in geographically large villages, access to credit facility, provision of subsidy of feeding inputs, veterinary and breeding services, advance payment facility, fixation of reasonable price of milk etc.
Efficient synthesis and mechanistic insights for the formation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via multicomponent decarboxylative coupling using chitosan-supported copper catalysts
(Elsevier B.V., 2023-10-03T00:00:00) Kaur, Pavneet; Gurjar, Kamlesh K.; Arora, Tania; Bharti, Divya; Kaur, Manpreet; Kumar, Vinod; Parkash, Jyoti; Kumar, Rakesh
An efficient multicomponent decarboxylative coupling of 2-aminopyridines, aldehydes and alkynoic acids for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines was developed using recyclable chitosan-supported copper (chit@CuSO4) as a heterogeneous catalyst. Computational and experimental evidence revealed that in situ generated propargylamine undergoes cyclization to the desired imidazopyridine via prototropic isomerization involving allene type intermediates. Control experiments on isolated propargylamine demonstrated that cyclization could proceed without any metal catalyst. In literature, the cyclization step is assumed to be facilitated by metal catalyst and experimental proof for the involvement of actual intermediates is not available. The synthesized imidazopyridines were further evaluated for antiproliferative activity against human neuroblastoma cells (SHSY-5Y) using MTT assay. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Formal vs. informal milk marketing channels in Punjab: A comparative economic analysis of dairy cooperative member vis-a-vis non-member milk producers
(Taylor and Francis, 2023-10-18T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Singla, Naresh
Gender Issue in Education: A Social- Realistic Perspective
(Bloomsbury, 2017) Kaur, Manpreet; Kaushiki, Nishtha
An in vitro study ascertaining the role of H2O2 and glucose oxidase in modulation of antioxidant potential and cancer cell survival mechanisms in glioblastoma U-87 MG cells
(Springer New York LLC, 2017) Cholia, Ravi P.; Kumari, Sanju; Kumar, Saurabh; Kaur, Manpreet; Kaur, Manbir; Kumar, Raj; Dhiman, Monisha; Mantha, Anil K.
Glial cells protect themselves from the elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) via developing unusual mechanisms to maintain the genomic stability, and reprogramming of the cellular antioxidant system to cope with the adverse effects. In the present study non-cytotoxic dose of oxidants, H2O2 (100??M) and GO (10??U/ml) was used to induce moderate oxidative stress via generating ROS in human glioblastoma cell line U-87 MG cells, which showed a marked increase in the antioxidant capacity as studied by measuring the modulation in expression levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, and the GSH content. However, pretreatment (3?h) of Curcumin and Quercetin (10??M) followed by the treatment of oxidants enhanced the cell survival, and the levels/activities of the antioxidants studied. Oxidative stress also resulted in an increase in the nitrite levels in the culture supernatants, and further analysis by immunocytochemistry showed an increase in iNOS expression. In addition, phytochemical pretreatment decreased the nitrite level in the culture supernatants of oxidatively stressed U-87 MG cells. Elevated ROS also increased the expression of COX-2 and APE1 enzymes and pretreatment of Curcumin and Quercetin decreased COX-2 expression and increased APE1 expression in the oxidatively stressed U-87 MG cells. The immunocytochemistry also indicates for APE1 enhanced stress-dependent subcellular localization to the nuclear compartment, which advocates for enhanced DNA repair and redox functions of APE1 towards survival of U-87 MG cells. It can be concluded that intracellular oxidants activate the key enzymes involved in antioxidant mechanisms, NO-dependent survival mechanisms, and also in the DNA repair pathways for glial cell survival in oxidative-stress micro-environment. ? 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Lychee Wastes and By-Products: Chemistry, Processing, and Utilization
(CRC Press, 2022-08-05T00:00:00) Kaur, Gurwinder; Singh, Barinderjit; Srivastava, Yashi; Kaur, Manpreet; Gat, Yogesh
Lychee (Lychee chinensis) is a tropical or subtropical fruit commonly grown in Asian countries. All parts of lychee are rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins (ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin), minerals (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron) and bioactive components like phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, carotenoids, sesquiterpenes and sterols. Wastes and by-products (seed, peel and pomace) obtained during processing of lychee has great potential for utilization in the production of peel flour, chutney, wine, enzymes, antioxidant agents, coloring agents, bioethanol, biogas, and biochar. The lychee fruit residues have enormous potential use like used as a dyeing agent, microbiological culture medium and corrosion-resistant material. � 2023 selection and editorial matter, Khalid Muzaffar, Sajad Ahmad Sof, and Shabir Ahmad Mir, individual chapters, the contributors.
Lychee Wastes and By-Products: Chemistry, Processing, and Utilization
(CRC Press, 2022-08-05T00:00:00) Kaur, Gurwinder; Singh, Barinderjit; Srivastava, Yashi; Kaur, Manpreet; Gat, Yogesh
Lychee (Lychee chinensis) is a tropical or subtropical fruit commonly grown in Asian countries. All parts of lychee are rich in protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins (ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin), minerals (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron) and bioactive components like phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, carotenoids, sesquiterpenes and sterols. Wastes and by-products (seed, peel and pomace) obtained during processing of lychee has great potential for utilization in the production of peel flour, chutney, wine, enzymes, antioxidant agents, coloring agents, bioethanol, biogas, and biochar. The lychee fruit residues have enormous potential use like used as a dyeing agent, microbiological culture medium and corrosion-resistant material. � 2023 selection and editorial matter, Khalid Muzaffar, Sajad Ahmad Sof, and Shabir Ahmad Mir, individual chapters, the contributors.
A Minireview on the Scope of Cadogan Cyclization Reactions Leading to Diverse Azaheterocycles
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-04-01T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Kumar, Raj
From the last two decades, Cadogan cyclization reaction is considered as one of the best routes for the preparation of various azaheterocycles comprising carbazoles, indoles, coumarins, carbolines, pyrazoloquinoxalines, S,N-heterotetracenes from the nitro-based substrates by using a variety of tetravalent phosphorus-based reagents. To date the majority of Cadogan reactions are found to be intramolecular reactions, however, interestingly, a case of intermolecular Cadogan reaction is also reported, resulting in the widening of the reaction scope for futuristic perspectives. We report the Cadogan cyclization reactions for the synthesis of azaheterocycles from 2018 to present according to multiple classes of chemical frameworks including its scope (FDA approved drugs), along with the possibilities and mechanistic developments for unexpected products. � 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.