Browsing by Author "Kaur N."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Enhanced routing protocol for VANET
(Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication, 2019) Kaur R.; Kaur N.; Singh S.
A class of networks called VANET(vehicular adhoc network),the extension of MANETs(mobile adhoc network) are based on the principle of the formation of wireless network for exchange of data and the creation of network is spontaneous in nature. The mobility constraints, behavior of driver, high speed, limited coverage of wifi, hard delay constraints leads to unique characteristics in VANETS. So the MANET routing protocols are not suitable for VANET. Optimization of routing protocols becomes necessary to make it suitable for VANET. In this paper, various optimized routing protocols are analyzed and their optimization techniques are discussed. Parameters such as end to end delay and energy spent are taken into consideration in order to show the improvement from the routing protocols that are standard protocols. Then a method has been proposed to optimize the fine tuned OLSR (optimized link state routing)protocol with the use of advanced genetic algorithm to further improve the results and to make the protocol more efficient.
Phytochemical Ginkgolide B Attenuates Amyloid-? amage and Altered Cellular Responses in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells
(IOS Press, 2017) Gill I.; Kaur S.; Kaur N.; Dhiman, Monisha; Mantha, Anil K.
Oxidative stress is an upsurge in reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which aggravates damage to cellular components viz. lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids resulting in impaired cellular functions and neurological pathologies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we have examined amyloid-? (A?)-induced oxidative stress responses, a major cause for AD, in the undifferentiated and differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. A?1-42-induced oxidative damage was evaluated on lipids by lipid peroxidation; proteins by protein carbonyls; antioxidant status by SOD and GSH enzyme activities; and DNA and RNA damage levels by evaluating the number of AP sites and 8-OHG base damages produced. In addition, the neuro-protective role of the phytochemical ginkgolide B (GB) in countering A?1-42-induced oxidative stress was assessed. We report that the differentiated cells are highly vulnerable to A?1-42-induced oxidative stress events as exerted by the deposition of A? in AD. Results of the current study suggest that the pre-treatment of GB, followed by A?1-42 treatment for 24, displayed neuro-protective potential, which countered A?1-42-induced oxidative stress responses in both undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells by: 1) hampering production of ROS and RNS; 2) reducing lipid peroxidation; 3) decreasing protein carbonyl content; 4) restoring antioxidant activities of SOD and GSH enzymes; and 5) maintaining genome integrity by reducing the oxidative DNA and RNA base damages. In conclusion, A?1-42 induces oxidative damage to the cellular biomolecules, which are associated with AD pathology, and are protected by the pre-treatment of GB against A?-toxicity. Taken together, this study advocates for phytochemical-based therapeutic interventions against AD.
Steering the antitumor drug discovery campaign towards structurally diverse indolines
(Academic Press Inc., 2020) Thakur A.; Singh A.; Kaur N.; Ojha R.; Nepali K.
Indoline framework is often perpended as a privileged heterocycle present in medicinally valuable compounds of natural and synthetic origin. This review article presents the rational approaches/strategies employed for the design of anticancer indolines along with the structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights revealed in the in-vitro and in-vivo assays. The chemist has always been fascinated towards the indoline ring for the construction of antitumor scaffolds owing to its versatility as evidenced by its existence in scaffolds inducing antiproliferative effects via diverse mechanisms. To the delight of medicinal chemist, the applicability of indoline has also been expanded towards the design of dual inhibitors (multitargeting anticancer agents) as well as PROTACS. Overall, it can be concluded that indoline moiety is a magic bullet and the scaffolds containing this ring are foraying towards detailed preclinical and clinical stage investigations by leaps and bounds.