Browsing by Author "Kumar, A."

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Bioactive peptides
(Nova Science Publisher Inc., 2018) Waseem, M.; Kumar, S.; Kumar, A.
Peptides are small molecules composed of less than 20 amino acid residues. They are either derived from their parental polypeptide chains by enzymatic processes or even freely exist in natural sources. Bioactive peptides are those which have various biological activities such as antioxidative, anti-inflammation and immunomodulation. Further, they also show antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Moreover, in human, bioactive peptides also perform crucial role in the regulation of digestive, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Therefore, bioactive peptides are recently being used for the improvement of human life due to their several biological properties. In this book chapter, we discuss the different sources, methods for the production, and biological activities of bioactive peptides. ? 2018 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Electronic and transport properties of 1D aluminum at atomic scale
(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2018) Bhuyan, P.D.; Gupta, S.K.; Sonvane, Y.; Kumar, A.
In this paper, we have studied the structural, electronic and transport properties of 1D carbyne like chain and ribbon like zigzag structures of aluminum (Al) nanowire. The ribbon with width of 4.79? (2R) and 7.01? (3R) shows better room temperature conductivity i.e. 3.50?1019 (? m s)-1 and 3.91?1019 (? m s)-1 respectively. We have observed that Al chain conducts better than Al ribbon; however the conductivity for the ribbon can be enhanced by increasing the width. On the other hand, higher thermal conductivity has been found to possess Al ribbon (3R) structure. ? 2018 Author(s).
Electronic structure and simulated STM images of non-honeycomb phosphorene allotropes
(American Institute of Physics Inc., 2018) Kaur, S.; Kumar, A.; Srivastava, S.; Tankeshwar, K.
We have investigated the electronic structure and simulated STM images of various non-honeycomb allotropes of phosphorene namely ? - P, ? - P, ? - P and ? - P, within combined density functional theory and Tersoff-Hamman approach. All these allotropes are found to be energetically stable and electronically semiconductingwith bandgap ranging between 0.5-1.2 eV. Simulated STM images show distinctly different features in terms of the topography. Different maximas in the distance-height profile indicates the difference in buckling of atoms in these allotropes. Distinctly different images obtained in this study may be useful to differentiate various allotropes that can serve as fingerprints to identify various allotropes during the synthesis of phosphorene. ? 2018 Author(s).
Late-Holocene climate response and glacial fluctuations revealed by the sediment record of the monsoon-dominated Chorabari Lake, Central Himalaya
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2020) Shukla, T; Mehta, M; Dobhal, D.P; Bohra, A; Pratap, B; Kumar, A.
We studied a periglacial lake situated in the monsoon-dominated Central Himalaya where an interplay of monsoonal precipitation and glacial fluctuations during the late Holocene is well preserved. A major catastrophe occurred on 16-17 June 2013, with heavy rains causing rupturing of the moraine-dammed Chorabari Lake located in the Mandakini basin, Central Himalaya, and exposed 8-m-thick section of the lacustrine strata. We reconstructed the late-Holocene climatic variability in the region using multi-parametric approach including magnetic, mineralogical and chemical (XRF) properties of sediments, paired with grain size and optically simulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The OSL chronology suggests that the lake was formed by a lateral moraine during the deglaciation phase of Chorabari Glacier between 4.2 and 3.9 ka and thereafter the lake deposited about 8-m-thick sediment sequence in the past 2.3 ka. The climatic reconstruction of the lake broadly represents the late-Holocene glacial chronology of the Central Himalaya coupled with many short-term climatic perturbations recorded at a peri-glacial lake setting. The major climatic phases inferred from the study suggests (1) a cold period between 260 BCE and 270 CE, (2) warmer conditions between 900 and 1260 CE for glacial recession and (3) glacial conditions between ~1370 and 1720 CE when the glacier gained volume probably during the 'Little Ice Age" (LIA). We suggest a high glacial sensitivity to climatic variability in the monsoon-dominated region of the Himalaya. The Author(s) 2020.
Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980�2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1
(Elsevier B.V., 2021-07-21T00:00:00) Galles, Natalie C; Liu, Patrick Y; Updike, Rachel L; Fullman, Nancy; Nguyen, Jason; Rolfe, Sam; Sbarra, Alyssa N; Schipp, Megan F; Marks, Ashley; Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat; Abbas, Kaja M; Abbasi, Sumra Wajid; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdoli, Amir; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abosetugn, Akine Eshete; Adabi, Maryam; Adamu, Abdu A; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Advani, Shailesh M; Afzal, Saira; Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Sohail; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed Rashid, Tarik; Ahmed Salih, Yusra; Akalu, Yonas; Aklilu, Addis; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Alahdab, Fares; Albano, Luciana; Alemayehu, Yosef; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Liaqat; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Almustanyir, Sami; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amu, Hubert; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Ansar, Adnan; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo; Antony, Benny; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Artanti, Kurnia Dwi; Arulappan, Judie; Awan, Asma Tahir; Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew; Ayza, Muluken Altaye; Azarian, Ghasem; Azzam, Ahmed Y; B, Darshan B; Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Banach, Maciej; Bante, Simachew Animen; B�rnighausen, Till Winfried; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barrow, Amadou; Bassat, Quique; Bayarmagnai, Narantuya; Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda; Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye; Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhandari, Dinesh; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bibi, Sadia; Bijani, Ali; Biondi, Antonio; Boloor, Archith; Braithwaite, Dejana; Buonsenso, Danilo; Butt, Zahid A; Camargos, Paulo; Carreras, Giulia; Carvalho, Felix; Casta�eda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Chakinala, Raja Chandra; Charan, Jaykaran; Chatterjee, Souranshu; Chattu, Soosanna Kumary; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi; Christopher, Devasahayam J; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Costa, Vera Marisa; Couto, Rosa A S; Dadras, Omid; Dagnew, Amare Belachew; Dagnew, Baye; Dai, Xiaochen; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Derbew Molla, Meseret; Derseh, Behailu Tariku; Desai, Rupak; Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu; Dhamnetiya, Deepak; Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dianatinasab, Mostafa; Diaz, Daniel; Djalalinia, Shirin; Dorostkar, Fariba; Edem, Bassey; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Eftekharzadeh, Sahar; El Sayed, Iman; El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa; Elhadi, Muhammed; El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I; Elsharkawy, Aisha; Enany, Shymaa; Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj; Esezobor, Christopher Imokhuede; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Ezeonwumelu, Ifeanyi Jude; Ezzikouri, Sayeh; Fares, Jawad; Faris, Pawan Sirwan; Feleke, Berhanu Elfu; Ferede, Tomas Y; Fernandes, Eduarda; Fernandes, Jo�o C; Ferrara, Pietro; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Francis, Mark Rohit; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gad, Mohamed M; Gaidhane, Shilpa; Gallus, Silvano; Garg, Tushar; Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle; Gebre, Teshome; Gebregiorgis, Birhan Gebresillassie; Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork; Gebremichael, Berhe; Gessner, Bradford D; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Gilani, Syed Amir; Gl?van, Ionela-Roxana; Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna; Golechha, Mahaveer; Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goudarzi, Houman; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Guti�rrez, Reyna Alma; Haeuser, Emily; Halwani, Rabih; Hamidi, Samer; Hanif, Asif; Haque, Shafiul; Harapan, Harapan; Hargono, Arief; Hashi, Abdiwahab; Hassan, Shoaib; Hassanein, Mohamed H; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hay, Simon I; Hayat, Khezar; Hegazy, Mohamed I; Heidari, Golnaz; Hezam, Kamal; Holla, Ramesh; Hoque, Mohammad Enamul; Hosseini, Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Househ, Mowafa; Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong; Huang, Junjie; Humayun, Ayesha; Hussain, Rabia; Hussein, Nawfal R; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Inamdar, Sumant; Iqbal, Usman; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Joukar, Farahnaz; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kamal, Zul; Kamande, Stanley M; Kandel, Himal; Karch, Andr�; Kassahun, Getinet; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Katoto, Patrick DMC; Kelkay, Bayew; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalil, Ibrahim A; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khan, Junaid; Khan, Maseer Adnan; Khan, Moien AB; Khang, Young-Ho; Khoja, Abdullah T; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Gyu Ri; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich; Kosen, Soewarta; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kulkarni, Vaman; Kumar, Avinash; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Nithin; Kwarteng, Alexander; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lami, Faris Hasan; Landires, Iv�n; Lasrado, Savita; Lassi, Zohra S; Lee, Hankil; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Levi, Miriam; Lewycka, Sonia; Li, Shanshan; Liu, Xuefeng; Lobo, Stany W; Lopukhov, Platon D; Lozano, Rafael; Lutzky Saute, Ricardo; Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed; Makki, Alaa; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerl�ndio; Matthews, Philippa C; Medina, John Robert Carabeo; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mersha, Amanual Getnet; Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Milne, George J; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mirzaei, Hamid Reza; Misra, Sanjeev; Mithra, Prasanna; Moghadaszadeh, Masoud; Mohamed, Teroj Abdulrahman; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammad, Yousef; Mohammadi, Mokhtar; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Arif; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohapatra, Archisman; Mokdad, Ali H; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Montasir, Ahmed Al; Moore, Catrin E; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah; Moraga, Paula; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Munro, Sandra B; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naimzada, Mukhammad David; Naveed, Muhammad; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Negoi, Ionut; Neupane Kandel, Sandhya; Nguyen, Trang Huyen; Nikbakhsh, Rajan; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nixon, Molly R; Nnaji, Chukwudi A; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nu�ez-Samudio, Virginia; Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka; Oancea, Bogdan; Ochir, Chimedsuren; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Otstavnov, Nikita; Otstavnov, Stanislav S; Owolabi, Mayowa O; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakshir, Keyvan; Park, Eun-Cheol; Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh; Pathak, Mona; Paudel, Rajan; Pawar, Shrikant; Pereira, Jeevan; Peres, Mario F P; Perianayagam, Arokiasamy; Pinheiro, Marina; Pirestani, Majid; Podder, Vivek; Polibin, Roman V; Pollok, Richard Charles G; Postma, Maarten J; Pottoo, Faheem Hyder; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Radfar, Amir; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum; Rajesh, Aashish; Ramshaw, Rebecca E; Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Rao, Chythra R; Rao, Sowmya J; Rathi, Priya; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Renzaho, Andre M N; Rezaei, Negar; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Rios-Blancas, Maria; Rogowski, Emma L B; Ronfani, Luca; Rwegerera, Godfrey M; Saad, Anas M; Sabour, Siamak; Saddik, Basema; Saeb, Mohammad Reza; Saeed, Umar; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Salam, Nasir; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Samaei, Mehrnoosh; Samy, Abdallah M; Sanabria, Juan; Sanmarchi, Francesco; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M; Sartorius, Benn; Sarveazad, Arash; Sathian, Brijesh; Sawhney, Monika; Saxena, Deepak; Saxena, Sonia; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Seylani, Allen; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Shetty, Pavanchand H; Shigematsu, Mika; Shin, Jae Il; Sidemo, Negussie Boti; Singh, Ambrish; Singh, Jasvinder A; Sinha, Smriti; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Soheili, Amin; Tadesse, Eyayou Girma; Tamiru, Animut Tagele; Tan, Ker-Kan; Tekalegn, Yohannes; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Thakur, Bhaskar; Thapar, Rekha; Thavamani, Aravind; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Tohidinik, Hamid Reza; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Traini, Eugenio; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tripathi, Manjari; Tsegaye, Berhan; Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie; Ullah, Anayat; Ullah, Saif; Ullah, Sana; Unim, Brigid; Vacante, Marco; Velazquez, Diana Zuleika; Vo, Bay; Vollmer, Sebastian; Vu, Giang Thu; Vu, Linh Gia; Waheed, Yasir; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Yi?it, Vahit; Yirdaw, Birhanu Wubale; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yu, Chuanhua; Yuce, Deniz; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Zamani, Mohammad; Zamanian, Maryam; Zewdie, Dejene Tesfaye; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhong, Chenwen; Zumla, Alimuddin; Murray, Christopher J L; Lim, Stephen S; Mosser, Jonathan F; Nguyen, J.; Marks, A.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Kassebaum, N.J.; Naghavi, M.; Nixon, M.R.; Murray, C.J.L.; Lim, S.S.; Mosser, J.F.; Dandona, R.; Hay, S.I.; Kassebaum, N.J.; Naghavi, M.; Murray, C.J.L.; Lim, S.S.; Kassebaum, N.J.; Khalil, I.A.; Katoto, P.D.; Ali, L.; Ullah, A.; Hosseini, M.; Moradi, G.; Elsharkawy, A.; Abolhassani, H.; Nnaji, C.A.; Ahmad, S.; Ahmad, T.; Dagnew, A.B.; Sabour, S.; Ahmed, H.; Ahmed, M.B.; Saxena, D.; Dagnew, B.; Desta, A.A.; Tamiru, A.T.; Mersha, A.G.; Aklilu, A.; Alemayehu, Y.; Sathian, B.; Albano, L.; Al-Eyadhy, A.; Altirkawi, K.A.; Temsah, M.; Mohammad, Y.; Alhassan, R.K.; Amu, H.; Aljunid, S.M.; Aljunid, S.M.; Andrei, C.; Hostiuc, M.; Negoi, I.; Andrei, T.; Gl?van, I.; Mirica, A.; Ansar, A.; Antonazzo, I.; Ferrara, P.; Cortesi, P.A.; Mantovani, L.G.; Chowdhury, F.R.; Singh Mtech, A.; Arabloo, J.; Ghashghaee, A.; Ghashghaee, A.; Sarveazad, A.; Artanti, K.D.; Awan, A.T.; Rathi, P.; Babar, Z.; Gebremichael, B.; Zamani, M.; Barrow, A.; Barrow, A.; Tadesse, E.G.; Hosseini, M.; Bassat, Q.; Kulkarni, V.; Kumar, N.; Mithra, P.; Saxena, D.; Ilesanmi, O.S.; Belgaumi, U.I.; Lassi, Z.S.; Shin, J.; Misra, S.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Bibi, S.; Ullah, S.; Boloor, A.; Owolabi, M.O.; Sinha, S.; Braithwaite, D.; Braithwaite, D.; Buonsenso, D.; Buonsenso, D.; Awan, A.T.; Mengesha, E.W.; Tsegaye, G.W.; De Neve, J.; Pottoo, F.H.; Camargos, P.; Couto, R.A.S.; Pinheiro, M.; Chakinala, R.; Chatterjee, S.; Chattu, S.; Chattu, V.; Chattu, V.; Bill, I.; Chu, D.; Chung, S.; Chung, S.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Ansar, A.; Kumar, G.; Dandona, L.; Desai, R.; Dhimal, M.L.; Dhimal, M.L.; Dhimal, M.; Diaz, D.; Diaz, D.; Velazquez, D.Z.; Eftekharzadeh, S.; El Sayed, I.; El Sayed Zaki, M.; Elhadi, M.; Enany, S.; Erkhembayar, R.; Esezobor, C.I.; Olagunju, A.T.; Esezobor, C.I.; Fares, J.; Faris, P.S.; Faris, P.S.; Tsegaye, B.; Filip, I.; Filip, I.; Fischer, F.; Francis, M.R.; Francis, M.R.; Fukumoto, T.; Gad, M.M.; Hassanein, M.H.; Liu, X.; Saad, A.M.; Gad, M.M.; Garg, T.; Tekalegn, Y.; Mohammed, S.; Gebre, T.; Gebremedhin, K.B.; Gessner, B.D.; Gessner, B.D.; Ghadiri, K.; Ghadiri, K.; Ghafourifard, M.; Moghadaszadeh, M.; Gilani, S.; Malik, A.A.; Gilani, S.; Glushkova, E.V.; Korshunov, V.A.; Lopukhov, P.D.; Golechha, M.; Gopalani, S.V.; Gopalani, S.V.; Goudarzi, H.; Ahmed, M.B.; Goudarzi, H.; Gubari, M.I.M.; Guo, Y.; Li, S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, V.; Gupta, V.K.; Guti�rrez, R.A.; Hargono Dr, A.; Hassan, S.; Hassan, S.; Hassanipour, S.; Hayat, K.; Hayat, K.; Heidari, G.; Islam, S.; Hsieh, V.; Huang, J.; Zhong, C.; Humayun, A.; Hussain, R.; Hussein, N.R.; Ibitoye, S.E.; Ilesanmi, O.S.; Makki, A.; Noubiap, J.; Santric-Milicevic, M.M.; Santric-Milicevic, M.M.; Inamdar, S.; Iqbal, U.; Irham, L.M.; Ningrum, D.N.A.; Irvani, S.N.; Islam, S.; Kalhor, R.; Kalhor, R.; Kamal, Z.; Kamal, Z.; Karch, A.; Katoto, P.D.; Nnaji, C.A.; Khan, J.; Khoja, A.T.; Khubchandani, J.; Khoja, A.T.; Kim, G.; Kim, M.; Kim, M.; Kim, Y.; Kimokoti, R.W.; Kosen, S.; Kumar, A.; Kwarteng, A.; La Vecchia, C.; Landires, I.; Nu�ez-Samudio, V.; Nu�ez-Samudio, V.; Landires, I.; Lasrado, S.; Levi, M.; Levi, M.; Matthews, P.C.; Moore, C.E.; Liu, X.; Sanabria, J.; Lobo, S.W.; Lobo, S.W.; Malik, A.A.; Mantovani, L.G.; Matthews, P.C.; Medina, J.C.; Medina, J.C.; Mendoza, W.; Menezes, R.G.; Meretoja, T.J.; Meretoja, T.J.; Meretoja, T.J.; Mersha, A.G.; Mesregah, M.K.; Mestrovic, T.; Mestrovic, T.; Milne, G.J.; Mohammad, K.A.; Mohammadi, M.; Mohammed, A.; Mohammed, S.; Mohapatra, A.; Molokhia, M.; Traini, E.; Moradi, G.; Mirzaei, H.; Zamanian, M.; Moraga, P.; Mueller, U.O.; Mueller, U.O.; Munro, S.B.; Naimzada, M.; Naveed, M.; Negoi, I.; Nguyen, T.H.; Vu, L.G.; Nguyen, T.H.; Vu, L.G.; Ningrum, D.N.A.; Ogbo, F.A.; Olagunju, A.T.; Olakunde, B.O.; Onwujekwe, O.E.; Pathak, M.; Pawar, S.; Pereira, J.; Peres, M.F.P.; Peres, M.F.P.; Pirestani, M.; Pollok, R.C.G.; Postma, M.J.; Postma, M.J.; Rabiee, M.; Rezai, M.; Rahman, M.; Rahmawaty, S.; Rajesh, A.; Ranasinghe, P.; Rawaf, D.L.; Rawaf, S.; Rawaf, D.L.; Rawaf, S.; Rwegerera, G.M.; Saeb, M.; Saeed, U.; Saeed, U.; Salam, N.; Samaei, M.; Sanabria, J.; Sanmarchi, F.; Sathian, B.; Sawhney, M.; Seidu, A.; Seidu, A.; Shaikh, M.A.; Shigematsu, M.; Soheili, A.; Tan, K.; Thakur, B.; Traini, E.; Tripathi, M.; Ullah, S.; Ullah, S.; Vo, B.; Vu, G.T.; Winkler, A.S.; Winkler, A.S.; Yu, C.; Yuce, D.
Background: Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. Methods: For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dose-specific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in country-reported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. Findings: By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81�6% [95% uncertainty interval 80�4�82�7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39�9% [37�5�42�1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38�5% [35�4�41�3] in 1980 to 83�6% [82�3�84�8] in 2019). Third-dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42�6% (41�4�44�1) in 1980 to 79�8% (78�4�81�1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56�8 million (52�6�60�9) to 14�5 million (13�4�15�9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. Interpretation: After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. � 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Spatial mapping of uranium in groundwater and risk assessment around an atomic power station in India
(Gh. Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 2016) Singh, M.; Garg, V.K.; Gautam, Y.P.; Kumar, A.
This paper reports the distribution of natural uranium in different underground water sources and health risk evaluation around Narora Atomic Power Station, Narora, India. The uranium concentration at studied locations ranged from BDL (<0.2 ?g/L) to 32.37 ?g/L with geometric mean (GM) of 6.4 ?g/L and geometric standard deviation of 7.85. The life time average daily dose of uranium in drinking water was 0.64 ?g kg-1 day-1. The cancer morbidity and mortality risk were also calculated for U-238, U-235 and U-234. The average cancer mortality was 8.03?10-7, 3.1?10-8 and 7.21?10-7 and cancer morbidity was 1.28?10-6, 4.89?10-8 and 1.12 ?10-6 for U-238, U-235 and U-234. It is concluded that health risk is minimal due to low levels of uranium in drinking water in Narora environment. However the concentration of uranium in drinking water must be monitored regularly. ? 2016, Gh. Asachi Technical University of Iasi. All rights reserved.
Stability, electronic and mechanical properties of chalcogen (Se and Te) monolayers
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020) Singh, J; Jamdagni, P; Jakhar, M; Kumar, A.
The successful experimental fabrication of 2D tellurium (Te) has resulted in growing interest in the monolayers of group VI elements. By employing density functional theory, we have explored the stability and electronic and mechanical properties of 1T-MoS2-like chalcogen (?-Se and ?-Te) monolayers. Phonon spectra are free from imaginary modes suggesting these monolayers to be dynamically stable. The stability of these monolayers is further confirmed by room temperature AIMD simulations. Both ?-Se and ?-Te are indirect gap semiconductors with a band gap (calculated using the hybrid HSE06 functional) of 1.16 eV and 1.11 eV, respectively, and these gaps are further tunable with mechanical strains. Both monolayers possess strong absorption spectra in the visible region. The ideal strengths of these monolayers are comparable with those of many existing 2D materials. Significantly, these monolayers possess ultrahigh carrier mobilities of the order of 103 cm2 V-1 s-1. Combining the semiconducting nature, visible light absorption and superior carrier mobilities, these monolayers can be promising candidates for the superior performance of next-generation nanoscale devices. This journal is � the Owner Societies.