Browsing by Author "Kumar, Hemant"

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    Apoptotic Cell Death in Cardiomyocytes Induced by Hypoxia from Cobalt Chloride Is Hastened by SGLT-1 Inhibition
    (Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 2023-09-19T00:00:00) Kanwal, Abhinav; Liu, Lu; Bansal, Puneet Kumar; Kumar, Hemant; Singh, Shailendra Pratap
    Introduction: Myocardial ischemia is responsible for the deaths of millions of people every year. Cardiac hypoxia reduces the efficiency with which the heart muscle pumps blood. When one or more of the coronary arteries abruptly and severely narrows or closes off, this is known as an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Ischemia of the heart muscle can also cause potentially fatal arrhythmias. More information about this topic is required. Methods: The effects of SGLT-1 inhibition were studied using a different disease model, the cobalt chloride (CoCl2) hypoxia paradigm. The MTT assay was used to examine the effects of CoCl2 with and without Phlorizin (PZ) on glucose uptake, caspase activity, and metabolic/cytotoxic activities in SGLT-1 overexpressed H9C2 cells. Both SGLT-1 siRNA silencing and PZ treatment of SGLT-1 overexpressed neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were studied. Results and Discussion: Using flow cytometry, we were able to distinguish between metabolically active (PI-stained) and inactive (annexin-stained) live cells, as well as apoptotic (annexin-stained) and necrotic (PI-stained) cells. Caspase 3, 9, bcl-2, HIF-1a, and SGLT-1 expression, as well as oxidative stress, were examined using Western blotting. H9C2 cells showed increased caspase 3 and 9 activity in the CoCl2 group compared to the control, and these increases were further amplified by PZ cotreatment. PZ did not counteract CoCl2's effects of decreased glucose absorption and MTT activity. Conclusion: PZ increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and decreased metabolic quiescent cells. PZ had no effect on the oxidative stress and necrosis that CoCl2 caused. CoCl2-induced SGLT-1 reduction leads to rapid apoptotic cell death. � Copyright 2023, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2023.
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    Sustainable remediation of heavy metals
    (Elsevier, 2021-04-30T00:00:00) Kumar, Hemant; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Mittal, Sunil
    Heavy metal contamination of soil and water bodies has been recognized as a potential threat to the entire biosphere, which accelerated after the industrial revolution and is presumed to be one of the major environmental challenges worldwide in the 21st century. The major health hazards associated with heavy metals include various types of cancers, organ damage, cardiovascular disease, nervous system disorders, etc. Several conventional techniques have been used for decades for the remediation of these noxious elements, but they have their own setbacks. The physical and chemical techniques are associated with high cost, intensive labor requirement, and ecologic destructive effect, which demand the search for alternative remediation techniques. Recently, biological remediation techniques, such as phytoremediation, bioremediation, biosorption, and microbial fuel cell-based techniques have come up as strong contenders and attracted more attention from researchers. Most of these techniques are considered as sustainable methods because of being cheaper, eco-friendly, and safer as compared with conventional methods. This chapter is an effort to provide an update on various remediation techniques and their advantages and disadvantages, with special focus on sustainable methods. This was carried out using the online database of Scopus, Web of Science, PupMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, Springer, Wiley Online Library, and Google Scholar, and all the available information from the past three decades were summarized and discussed. Also, effective sustainable technologies and their future prospects were highlighted. � 2021 Elsevier Inc.
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    Trace Element Occurrence in Vegetable and Cereal Crops from Parts of Asia: A Meta-data Analysis of Crop-Wise Differences
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-02-13T00:00:00) Kerketta, Anjali; Kumar, Hemant; Powell, Mike A.; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Kapoor, Harmanpreet Singh; Mittal, Sunil
    In the present study, a systematic review along with a meta-analysis was conducted based on relevant studies from 11 Asian countries (1999�2022, Scopus, PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) to evaluate the crop-wise differences in the accumulation of trace element (TE) in the edible part of different crops (vegetables: leafy (LV), root (RV), fruit (FV); cereal crops: rice (RIC), wheat (WHE), maize (MAZ)). Based on the median concentration�of the compiled data, the TE accumulation in different vegetable crops was ranked in the decreasing order of Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb > Co > Se > Cd > As, and in cereal crops, this is followed as Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Co > Pb > As > Se > Cd > Hg. A clear difference was found between vegetable categories, with a higher accumulation of most of the elements in LV, especially spinach, coriander, radish leaves, mustard, amaranthus, and pakchoi than other vegetable types. Root vegetables displayed higher bioconcentration factors (BCF) than the other two vegetable types. For cereal crops, higher metal contents were found in WHE followed by RIC and MAZ, but RIC had relatively higher BCF for certain metals (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni) and WHE dominated for the remaining metals. When compared with the prescribed safe limits of the non-essential metals (As, Cd, and Pb), this study revealed that the majority of the vegetable and cereal crop contaminations were from Bangladesh, China, India, Iran, and Pakistan. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Uranium and Fluoride Accumulation in Vegetable and Cereal Crops: A Review on Current Status and Crop-Wise Differences
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-09-19T00:00:00) Sachdeva, Saloni; Powell, Mike A.; Nandini, Girish; Kumar, Hemant; Kumar, Rakesh; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar
    Uranium (U) and fluoride (F?) contamination in agricultural products, especially vegetable and cereal crops, has raised serious concerns about food safety and human health on a global scale. To date, numerous studies have reported U and F? contamination in vegetable and cereal crops at local scales, but the available information is dispersed, and crop-wise differences are lacking. This paper reviews the current status of knowledge on this subject by compiling relevant published literatures between 1983 and 2023 using databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Based on the median values, F? levels ranged from 0.5 to 177 mg/kg, with higher concentrations in non-leafy vegetables, such as Indian squash �Praecitrullus fistulosus� (177 mg/kg) and cucumber �Cucumis sativus� (96.25 mg/kg). For leafy vegetables, the maximum levels were recorded in bathua �Chenopodium album� (72.01 mg/kg) and mint �Mentha arvensis� (44.34 mg/kg), where more than 50% of the vegetable varieties had concentrations of >4 mg/kg. The concentration of U ranged from 0.01 to 17.28 mg/kg; tubers and peels of non-leafy vegetables, particularly radishes �Raphanus sativus� (1.15 mg/kg) and cucumber �Cucumis sativus� (0.42 mg/kg), contained higher levels. These crops have the potential to form organometallic complexes with U, resulting in more severe threats to human health. For cereal crops (based on median values), the maximum F? level was found in bajra �Pennisetum glaucum� (15.18 mg/kg), followed by chana �Cicer arietinum� (7.8 mg/kg) and split green gram �Vigna mungo� (4.14 mg/kg), while the maximum accumulation of U was recorded for barley �Hordeum vulgare� (2.89 mg/kg), followed by split green gram �Vigna mungo� (0.45 mg/kg). There are significant differences in U and F? concentrations in either crop type based on individual studies or countries. These differences can be explained mainly due to changes in geogenic and anthropogenic factors, thereby making policy decisions related to health and intake difficult at even small spatial scales. Methodologies for comprehensive regional�or larger�policy scales will require further research and should include strategies to restrict crop intake in specified �hot spots�. � 2023 by the authors.
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    Urban to rural COVID-19 progression in India: The role of massive migration and the challenge to India's traditional labour force policies
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021-09-15T00:00:00) Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Biswal, Suchismita; Kumar, Hemant; Powell, Mike
    The coronavirus disease?2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a deadliest disease in the 21st century. Initially in India, this disease was concentrated in major urban cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Gujarat, and Chennai, which were the national hotspots for the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in subsequent months, returning migrants (mainly day labour) brought the disease back to their home; this vector triggered significant spread to semi-urban and rural areas. This highlighted serious concerns in rural India, where access to sophisticated healthcare and mitigation strategies were lacking. There is little data on this new pattern of disease spread. This article provides a short review for tracking the spread of COVID-19 into major rural states in India based on understanding urban-rural workforce migration relative to the growing proportion of the nation's COVID-19 caseload between May-September 2020. � 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.