Browsing by Author "Kumar, M."

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    Face detection techniques: a review
    (Springer, 2019) Kumar, A; Kaur, Amandeep; Kumar, M.
    With the marvelous increase in video and image database there is an incredible need of automatic understanding and examination of information by the intelligent systems as manually it is getting to be plainly distant. Face plays a major role in social intercourse for conveying identity and feelings of a person. Human beings have not tremendous ability to identify different faces than machines. So, automatic face detection system plays an important role in face recognition, facial expression recognition, head-pose estimation, human–computer interaction etc. Face detection is a computer technology that determines the location and size of a human face in a digital image. Face detection has been a standout amongst topics in the computer vision literature. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of various techniques explored for face detection in digital images. Different challenges and applications of face detection are also presented in this paper. At the end, different standard databases for face detection are also given with their features. Furthermore, we organize special discussions on the practical aspects towards the development of a robust face detection system and conclude this paper with several promising directions for future research. © 2018, Springer Nature B.V.
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    Heterologous expression, purification and characterization of L-type lectin homologue from Leishmania donovani
    (Elsevier, 2015) Singh, V.; Nair, D.N.; Kaushal, R.S.; Kumar, M.; Pappachan, A.; Singh, D.D.
    Leishmaniasis, a disease of the developing world affects about 12 million people and has limited therapeutic interventions available. L-type lectins, Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment/Vesicular Integral Proteins (ERGIC-53/VIP36) are involved in protein sorting in luminal compartments of animal cells and are important for parasite biology. A lectin homologue was identified through a bioinformatics analysis of Leishmania genome and it was found to have N-terminal conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and a unique C-terminal region rich in repetitive amino acids and a poly glutamine tract. The N-terminal CRD region was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, but gave an insoluble expression which was re-solubilized by on column refolding. The fold integrity was checked through CD, fluorescence and functional assay of hemagglutination activity using rabbit erythrocyte. Bioinformatics analysis identified 15 members from Tritryps (Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp.) and they separate out as a distinct clade in the global phylogenetic analysis of all ERGIC-53/VIP36 sequences downloaded from Uniprot. Our analysis shows that the extended C-terminal regions with repeats is unique to Tritryps and this repeat pattern is different in sequences from Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma spp. and all these features make this protein an interesting candidate for further detailed studies. ? 2015 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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    Reversible data hiding in absolute moment block truncation coding compressed images using adaptive multilevel histogram shifting technique
    (Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2018) Kaur, A.A.; Kumar, M.
    Due to advancement in communication technology, data are transmitted over the network which is either confidential or private. So, the information security is one of the most critical factors considered when secret data is transmitted between two parties. Another important issue is the bandwidth utilisation for data transmission. Image steganography is a widely used technique for data hiding. It is used in critical applications like military and medical areas. Most of the work is done in uncompressed images, which leads to high storage and large bandwidth required for transmission. Keeping these two factors in mind, this paper presents the multilevel histogram shifting technique in the compressed domain with the addition of adaptive block division scheme to improve the embedding capacity as well as reduce the utilisation of the bandwidth. In this method, absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) compression technique has been used for compression because of its good compression ratio.