Browsing by Author "Rubal"

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Association of elevated levels of C-reactive protein with breast cancer, breast cancer subtypes, and poor outcome
(Mosby Inc., 2019) Kaur R.P.; Rubal; Banipal R.P.S.; Vashistha R.; Dhiman M.; Munshi A.
Background and Purpose: Inflammation and caner are linked in a bidirectional manner. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important inflammatory marker. The aim of the study was to test whether the inflammatory marker, CRP at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with metastasis, recurrence, and death in breast cancer patients from Malwa region of Punjab where breast cancer is widely feared. Material and Methods: Two hundred and forty-two breast cancer patients and 242 age and sex matched controls were included in the study. CRP levels were estimated using fully automated bio analyzer Erba200. Follow up interviews were conducted at an interval of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, and 27 months to determine the outcome among breast cancer patients. Results: Elevated levels of CRP were found among the diseased in comparison with controls (P < 0.0001). Higher CRP levels associated significantly with poor outcome including metastasis and recurrence among breast cancer patients [P = 0.03; 95% confidence interval; odds ratio: 2.954 (0.9125-9.561)]. Conclusion: Elevated levels of CRP associated significantly with increased risk of breast cancer and poor outcome. CRP estimation may be a simple and inexpensive tool for the risk assessment and outcome of the disease in Malwa region of Punjab where incidence of breast cancer is reported to be very high.
A cross-sectional study to correlate antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and inflammation with prevalence of hypertension
(Elsevier Inc., 2022-10-28T00:00:00) Kaur, Sukhchain; Rubal; Kaur, Satveer; Kaur, Amandeep; Kaur, Sandeep; Gupta, Sushil; Mittal, Sunil; Dhiman, Monisha
Aims: Hypertension a multifactorial consequence of environmental factors, life style and genetics is the well-recognized risk factor contributing to coronary heart diseases. The antioxidant imbalance, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress which is pivotal in progression of hypertension. The present study aims to understand the complex interaction between oxidative stress, inflammation and antioxidant system which is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis which further can exaggerate hypertension pathophysiology. Materials and methods: The metabolic profile of hypertensive and normotensive subjects from Malwa region, Punjab was compared by estimating lipid profile, cardiac, hepatic and renal markers. The oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation), inflammatory markers (Nitric oxide, Myeloperoxidase and advanced oxygen protein products), and antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Total Antioxidant Capacity) were analyzed. Key findings: It is observed that the metabolic markers are altered in hypertensive subjects which further these subjects showed increased oxidative, inflammatory profile and compromised antioxidant status when compared with normotensive subjects. Co-relation analysis validated the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress in impaired endothelial function and vital organ damage. Significance of study: These markers may act as early indicators of hypertension which usually do not show any physical symptoms, thus can be diagnosed and treated at the earliest. The current study suggests that disturbed homeostasis, a consequence of altered interaction between antioxidant system and inflammatory events raises the oxidative stress levels which eventually leads to hypertension and associated complications. These indicators can serve as early indicators of future chronic complications of hypertension. � 2022
Flavonoid accumulation as adaptation response in plants during abiotic stresses
(Routledge Taylor & Franchis Group, 2018) Rubal; Dhawan, Ashok; Kumar, Vinay
Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites and are required for the proper growth and development of plants. Flavonoids also contribute by providing protection against adverse environmental conditions due to their antioxidant properties. The flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and its regulatory mechanism provide insight through the in-depth understanding of higher accumulation of flavonoid content required for growth and development and improved tolerance under abiotic stresses. The metabolic engineering of a selected set of biosynthetic pathway related genes has been achieved for providing better adaption under environmental constraints. The complied information could be exploited for the advancement of crop improvement programs under adverse environmental conditions by the accumulation of flavonoid contents.
Flavonoid Secondary Metabolite: Biosynthesis and Role in Growth and Development in Plants
(Springer, 2018) Kumar, Vinay; Suman, Upsana; Rubal; Yadav, Sudesh Kumar
Serum Albumin Levels in Breast Cancer: Correlation with Overall Survival
(SciTechnol, 2017) Kaur, Raman Preet; Rubal; Dhiman, Monisha; Vashitstha, Rajesh; Munshi, Anjana
Introduction: Albumin in an important biomarker that indicates malnutrition as well as inflammation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the albumin levels in breast cancer patients and its association with overall survival among breast cancer patients of Malwa region of Punjab. Material and methods: The study was planned in Malwa region of Punjab. Sampling was done from Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital and Max Hospital. The estimation of albumin levels was done at Central University of Punjab. 250 patients with breast cancer and 250 age and sex matched controls were involved in the study. Albumin levels were estimated using fully automated bio analyzer Erba 200. Follow-up interviews were conducted at an interval of 3, 6, 12 and 15 months to determine the outcome among breast cancer patients. Results: Low levels of albumin was found among the diseased in comparison with controls (p<0.000). Higher albumin levels associated significantly with overall survival in breast cancer patients [χ2: 11.95, p<0.000; odds ratio: 7.636 (95% CI, 2.047- 28.49)]. Conclusion: Elevated levels of albumin (>3.5 g/dl) are associated significantly with increased overall survival among breast cancer patients. Albumin estimation may be a simple and inexpensive tool for the risk assessment and outcome of the disease in Malwa region of Punjab where the incidence of breast cancer is reported to be very high.