Browsing by Author "Sharma, A.K."

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    Biochemistry laboratory tests for carbohydrates
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Sharma, A.K.; Kumar, S.
    Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of organic compounds. In living organism they are mainly utilized for energy production. Carbohydrates act as the primary source to provide energy for functioning of living organisms. They originate as products of photosynthesis, an endothermic reductive condensation of carbon dioxide requiring light energy and the pigment chlorophyll. The carbohydrates are a major source of metabolic energy, both for plants and for animals that depend on plants for food. Carbohydrates may be divided into reducing and non-reducing. Both reducing and non-reducing carbohydrate have different functional groups due to which they exert different chemical reactions. This forms the basis of differentiation and identification of carbohydrate in biochemical laboratory. Carbohydrates are mono, di and/or polysaccharide in nature which can be differentiated and identified in the laboratory. In the present book chapter we will discuss characteristics of carbohydrates and different biochemical laboratory test for differentiation and identification of carbohydrate. ? 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Clinical laboratory tests for carbohydrates
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Kumar, S.; Sharma, A.K.
    Clinical biochemistry is also known as clinical chemistry/chemical pathology or medical biochemistry. Basically, it is an area of clinical pathology, generally deals with the analysis of body fluids for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Clinical biochemistry is an application part of medical biochemistry that deals with methodology and interpretations of clinical (chemical) tests carried out for the diagnosis of disease. It has been reported that carbohydrate metabolism get disturbed in various diseases. Several carbohydrate metabolites and substrate have been used for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases related to malfunction of carbohydrate metabolism. In the present book chapter we will discuss various carbohydrate tests. Glucose oxidase, ferricyanide, hagedorn and Jensen and Nelson and Somogyi methods will be describe for the estimation of glucose. Other than these methods we will also learn about liver glycogen, starch, a-amylolysis in vitro, anaerobic glycolysis tests and measurement of endogenous respiration. In the present book chapter we will discuss various carbohydrate tests. Glucose oxidase, ferricyanide, hagedorn and Jensen and Nelson and Somogyi methods will be describe for the estimation of glucose. Other than these methods we will also learn about liver glycogen, starch,a- amylolysis in vitro, anaerobic glycolysis tests and measurement of endogenous respiration. ? 2017 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of plasma power on reduction of printable graphene oxide thin films on flexible substrates
    (Institute of Physics Publishing, 2018) Banerjee, I.; Mahapatra, S.K.; Pal, C.; Sharma, A.K.; Ray, A.K.
    Room temperature hydrogen plasma treatment on solution processed 300 nm graphene oxide (GO) films on flexible indium tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates has been performed by varying the plasma power between 20 W and 60 W at a constant exposure time of 30 min with a view to examining the effect of plasma power on reduction of GO. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic studies show that high energy hydrogen species generated in the plasma assist fast exfoliation of the oxygenated functional groups present in the GO samples. Significant decrease in the optical band gap is observed from 4.1 eV for untreated samples to 0.5 eV for 60 W plasma treated samples. The conductivity of the films treated with 60 W plasma power is estimated to be six orders of magnitude greater than untreated GO films and this enhancement of conductivity on plasma reduction has been interpreted in terms of UV-visible absorption spectra and density functional based first principle computational calculations. Plasma reduction of GO/ITO/PET structures can be used for efficiently tuning the electrical and optical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for flexible electronics applications. ? 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.
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    Facile chemical bath deposition method for interconnected nanofibrous polythiophene thin films and their use for highly efficient room temperature NO2 sensor application
    (Elsevier B.V., 2017) Kamble, D.B.; Sharma, A.K.; Yadav, J.B.; Patil, V.B.; Devan, R.S.; Jatratkar, A.A.; Yewale, M.A.; Ganbavle, V.V.; Pawar, S.D.
    Interconnected nanofibrous polythiophene (INPTh) film was deposited on the glass substrate through a simple chemical bath deposition method. The influence of monomer concentration on INPTh film properties as well as on NO2sensing properties of the film was studied. The morphological and structural studies were carried out using FTIR spectroscopy, FE-SEM microscope, and AFM analysis. The FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of PTH structure. The interconnected nanofibrous surface morphology was observed in FE-SEM images. The roughness of the film and thickness (225?nm?442?nm) was found to increase with monomer concentration up to 0.5?M, after that, both decreased at 0.6?M monomer concentration. The highest selectivity of PTh thin film towards NO2was observed than the other gases like H2S, SO2, NH3, CO and LPG. The influence of film morphology and thickness on gas sensing properties was observed, which was varied with monomer concentration. The film deposited at 0.5?M monomer concentration showed the highest NO2gas response of 47.58% at room temperature. Present results revealed that monomer concentration was also one of the deposition parameters for tuning the morphological as well as gas sensing properties of the chemical bath deposited PTh film. ? 2017 Elsevier B.V.
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    Impact of rice-husk ash on the soil biophysical and agronomic parameters of wheat crop under a dry tropical ecosystem
    (Elsevier B.V., 2018) Singh, R.; Srivastava, P.; Singh, P.; Sharma, A.K.; Singh, H.; Raghubanshi, A.S.
    Several alternative amendments like organic manure and biochar have been proposed for revitalizing the degrading soil viability and fertility for sustainable agriculture, globally. However, detailed field-scale studies focussing on the soil and agronomic parameters of crops under these amendments are limited in dry tropical ecosystems. Therefore, we studied the impact of various soil amendments viz., rice-husk ash (RHA) and farm-yard manure (FYM) along with mineral fertilizer on soil biophysical and agronomic parameters of wheat crop. We specifically explored the impact of the amendments on soil CO2 efflux (SCE, under different growth stages) and the harvest index of wheat crop, which are considered as the key indicators of soil viability and agronomic efficiency, respectively. SCE, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil N, microbial biomass and soil pH were found significantly varying under different treatments (P < 0.05). SCE was found maximum under sole FYM applied and minimum under mineral fertilizer applied treatments, whereas RHA application lowered the SCE as compared to sole FYM application. Moreover, SCE showed variation with plant growth stages, and found maximum during stem elongation followed by heading stage whereas minimum during ripening stage. Soil moisture was found to have considerable regulation for the overall variation in SCE (r2 = 0.17; P = 0.04). In contrast to the soil properties, agronomic parameters (except harvest index) were found higher under mineral fertilizer applied treatments followed by sole FYM and combined FYM + RHA treatments, whereas sole RHA applied treatment showed minimum values. However, significant variations were observed only for harvest index, aboveground dry matter, grain and straw yields (P < 0.05). Further, harvest index was found highest under sole and combined FYM and RHA applied treatments whereas lowest in mineral fertilizer applied treatments. Soil C/N ratio (r2 = 0.16; P = 0.04) and panicle length (r2 = 0.18; P = 0.03), respectively as soil and agronomic parameters, have been found to have considerable control over harvest index. The findings revealed that soil viability is higher under sole FYM and combined FYM + RHA treatments whereas mineral fertilization enhances agronomic performance. Based on the studied two indicators, we conclude that both soil and agronomic sustainability can be maintained by using a combination of organic (FYM and RHA) fertilization with reduced inputs from mineral fertilizers. However, it further needs exploration for various soil and plant eco-physiological parameters of different crops at field level for wider adaptation in the dry tropical region. ? 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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    Objective and subjective exercise
    (Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Sharma, A.K.; Kumar, S.
    [No abstract available]
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    Proteomic approach to understand the molecular physiology of symbiotic interaction between Piriformospora indica and Brassica napus
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2018) Shrivastava, N.; Jiang, L.; Li, P.; Sharma, A.K.; Luo, X.; Wu, S.; Pandey, R.; Gao, Q.; Lou, B.
    Many studies have been now focused on the promising approach of fungal endophytes to protect the plant from nutrient deficiency and environmental stresses along with better development and productivity. Quantitative and qualitative protein characteristics are regulated at genomic, transcriptomic, and posttranscriptional levels. Here, we used integrated in-depth proteome analyses to characterize the relationship between endophyte Piriformospora indica and Brassica napus plant highlighting its potential involvement in symbiosis and overall growth and development of the plant. An LC-MS/MS based label-free quantitative technique was used to evaluate the differential proteomics under P. indica treatment vs. control plants. In this study, 8,123 proteins were assessed, of which 46 showed significant abundance (34 downregulated and 12 upregulated) under high confidence conditions (p-value ? 0.05, fold change ?2, confidence level 95%). Mapping of identified differentially expressed proteins with bioinformatics tools such as GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed significant enrichment of gene sets involves in metabolic processes, symbiotic signaling, stress/defense responses, energy production, nutrient acquisition, biosynthesis of essential metabolites. These proteins are responsible for root's architectural modification, cell remodeling, and cellular homeostasis during the symbiotic growth phase of plant's life. We tried to enhance our knowledge that how the biological pathways modulate during symbiosis? ? 2018 The Author(s).
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    Synthesis and dielectric characterisation of triiodide perovskite methylammonium lead iodide for energy applications
    (Springer, 2018) Mahapatra,S.K.; Saykar, N.; Banerjee, Indrani; Hobson, P.R.; Sharma, A.K.; Ray, A.K.
    Impedance spectroscopic measurements on spin coated 550 nm thick perovskite films sandwiched between titanium oxide (TiO2) deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates and with a platinum (Pt) counter electrode have been performed to determine the influence of the percentage of PbI2 in methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) compounds. These compounds with perovskite structure have been synthesized by weaving methylammonium iodide (CH3NH3I) and lead iodide (PbI2) in two different weight ratios of 1:4 and 3:7. The surface grains are found from the scanning electron microscoping images to have become relatively larger with increasing PbI2 content in spincoated perovskite film. Nearly 2% increase in optical band gap has been observed with increasing weight ratio of PbI2 content from 1:4 to 3:7.