Browsing by Author "Sharma, Archana Kumari"

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    Impact of rice-husk ash on the soil biophysical and agronomic parameters of wheat crop under a dry tropical ecosystem
    (Elsevier, 2019) Singh, R; Srivastava, P; Singh, P; Sharma, Archana Kumari; Singh, H; Raghubanshi, A.S.
    Several alternative amendments like organic manure and biochar have been proposed for revitalizing the degrading soil viability and fertility for sustainable agriculture, globally. However, detailed field-scale studies focussing on the soil and agronomic parameters of crops under these amendments are limited in dry tropical ecosystems. Therefore, we studied the impact of various soil amendments viz., rice-husk ash (RHA) and farm-yard manure (FYM) along with mineral fertilizer on soil biophysical and agronomic parameters of wheat crop. We specifically explored the impact of the amendments on soil CO2 efflux (SCE, under different growth stages) and the harvest index of wheat crop, which are considered as the key indicators of soil viability and agronomic efficiency, respectively. SCE, soil moisture, soil temperature, soil N, microbial biomass and soil pH were found significantly varying under different treatments (P < 0.05). SCE was found maximum under sole FYM applied and minimum under mineral fertilizer applied treatments, whereas RHA application lowered the SCE as compared to sole FYM application. Moreover, SCE showed variation with plant growth stages, and found maximum during stem elongation followed by heading stage whereas minimum during ripening stage. Soil moisture was found to have considerable regulation for the overall variation in SCE (r2 = 0.17; P = 0.04). In contrast to the soil properties, agronomic parameters (except harvest index) were found higher under mineral fertilizer applied treatments followed by sole FYM and combined FYM + RHA treatments, whereas sole RHA applied treatment showed minimum values. However, significant variations were observed only for harvest index, aboveground dry matter, grain and straw yields (P < 0.05). Further, harvest index was found highest under sole and combined FYM and RHA applied treatments whereas lowest in mineral fertilizer applied treatments. Soil C/N ratio (r2 = 0.16; P = 0.04) and panicle length (r2 = 0.18; P = 0.03), respectively as soil and agronomic parameters, have been found to have considerable control over harvest index. The findings revealed that soil viability is higher under sole FYM and combined FYM + RHA treatments whereas mineral fertilization enhances agronomic performance. Based on the studied two indicators, we conclude that both soil and agronomic sustainability can be maintained by using a combination of organic (FYM and RHA) fertilization with reduced inputs from mineral fertilizers. However, it further needs exploration for various soil and plant eco-physiological parameters of different crops at field level for wider adaptation in the dry tropical region. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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    In situ reductive regeneration of zerovalent iron nanoparticles immobilized on cellulose for atom efficient Cr(vi) adsorption
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Sharma, Archana Kumari; Kumar, Rabindra; Mittal, Sunil; Hussain, Shamima; Arora, Meenu; Sharma, R.C.; Babu, J. Nagendra
    Zerovalent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) (11.8 - 0.2% w/w) immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose (C-nZVI) were synthesized and studied for Cr(vi) sorption. The material showed good atom economy for Cr(vi) adsorption (562.8 mg g-1 of nZVI). Oxidation of cellulose to cellulose dialdehyde leads to in situ regeneration of nZVI which is responsible for the atom efficient Cr(vi) sorption by C-nZVI.
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    Reductive-co-precipitated cellulose immobilized zerovalent iron nanoparticles in ionic liquid/water for Cr(VI) adsorption
    (Springer Netherlands, 2018) Sharma, Archana Kumari; Devan, Rupesh S.; Arora, Meenu; Kumar, . Rabindra; Ma, Yuan-Ron; Babu, J. Nagendra
    Microcrystalline cellulose immobilized zerovalent iron nanoparticles (CI-1-3) with different loading of 6, 12 and 24% w/w Fe0 were synthesized by NaBH4 reduction under simultaneous co-precipitation of cellulose from ionic liquid ([BMIM]Cl)-water binary mixture. SEM, TEM, FTIR, VSM, XRD and XPS analysis were carried out to characterize the material. The electron microscopy studies revealed the immobilization of iron nanoparticle in the bulk and surface of microcrystalline cellulose with a size range of 20–100 nm. CI-1-3 showed strong interaction between cellulose hydroxyl moiety and nZVI, immobilized on the polymer and saturation magnetization of 3 emu/g for CI-2. The materials were studied for Cr(VI) adsorption which revealed the qmax value of 28.57, 58.82 and 38.48 mg Cr(VI)/g of CI-1-3, respectively.
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    Resistance strategies for defense against Albugo candida causing white rust disease
    (Elsevier GmbH, 2023-02-09T00:00:00) Nirwan, Shradha; Sharma, Archana Kumari; Tripathi, Ravi Mani; Pati, Aparna Maitra; Shrivastava, Neeraj
    Albugo candida, the causal organism of white rust, is an oomycete obligate pathogen infecting crops of Brassicaceae family occurred on aerial part, including vegetable and oilseed crops at all growth stages. The disease expression is characterized by local infection appearing on the abaxial region developing white or creamy yellow blister (sori) on leaves and systemic infections cause hypertrophy and hyperplasia leading to stag-head of reproductive organ. To overcome this problem, several disease management strategies like fungicide treatments were used in the field and disease-resistant varieties have also been developed using conventional and molecular breeding. Due to high variability among A. candida isolates, there is no single approach available to understand the diverse spectrum of disease symptoms. In absence of resistance sources against pathogen, repetitive cultivation of genetically-similar varieties locally tends to attract oomycete pathogen causing heavy yield losses. In the present review, a deep insight into the underlying role of the non-host resistance (NHR) defence mechanism available in plants, and the strategies to exploit available gene pools from plant species that are non-host to A. candida could serve as novel sources of resistance. This work summaries the current knowledge pertaining to the resistance sources available in non-host germ plasm, the understanding of defence mechanisms and the advance strategies covers molecular, biochemical and nature-based solutions in protecting Brassica crops from white rust disease. � 2023 Elsevier GmbH
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    Sorptive removal of arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] by fuller’s earth immobilized nanoscale zero-valent iron nanoparticles (F-nZVI): Effect of Fe 0 loading on adsorption activity
    (Elsevier, 2016) Sharma, Archana Kumari; Babu, J. Nagendra; Yadav,Radheshyam
    Fuller’s earth immobilized nanoscale zerovalent iron (F-nZVI 1–8) were synthesized by borohydride reduction method. The iron loading of fuller’s earth immobilized nZVI was varied from 5 to 50% (w/w) in these F-nZVI 1–8. The F-nZVI 1–8 were characterized by FE-SEM–EDX, FTIR, BET, XRD and TGA. The FE-SEM analysis showed an increase in agglomeration of nZVI on the immobilized material with increase in the loading of Fe0. F-nZVI 1–8 were studied for adsorptive removal of As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solution, with an emphasis on the effect of Fe0 loading of adsorbent on arsenic remediation. Iron loading has a significant role in adsorption of As(III) and As(V) on F-nZVI, with increase in adsorption with optimum iron loading of 20% (w/w) on fuller’s earth (F-nZVI-4). However, increase in loading above 20%, resulted in no significant increase in As(III) and As(V) adsorption. The adsorption results fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the maximum adsorption capacity of F-nZVI-4 for As(III) and As(V) were observed to be 50.08 and 91.42 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies indicate a rapid removal of As(III) and As(V) from the aqueous solution in the presence of F-nZVI 1-8, with an substantially high rate of removal for arsenic with F-nZVI-4.
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    Studies in the synthesis and chromium adsorption behaviour of microcrystalline cellulose immobilized zero valent iron nanoparticles (MCC-nZVI)
    (Central University of Punjab, 2014) Sharma, Archana Kumari; Babu, J.N.
    In this study iron nanoparticles (nZVI) are used for the chromium removal from water. nZVI are synthesized in ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl and water, binary solution by borohydride reduction method. For stability of the nZVI, it is immobilized in microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Varying concentration of iron was used for both the MCC-nZVI synthesized in ionic liquid and water. 6%, 12% and 24% w/w loading of Fe were studied in MCC-nZVI (5-7) synthesized in ionic liquid-water binary mixture, whereas MCC-nZVI (8) and MCC-nZVI (9) were synthesized in water. The synthesized MCC-nZVI materials were characterized by SEM, TEM and FTIR analysis. The MCC-nZVI material was fully dispersed in water with a particle size distribution of 30-100 nm estimated from TEM. The MCC-nZVI contained spherical nZVI; with few of them immobilized in MCC and attached to the surface. FTIR analysis of MCC and MCC-nZVI (5-7) upon comparison showed the strong binding of nZVI to the hydroxyl moieties of MCC. The MCC-nZVI materials were studied for the adsorption of Cr(VI). Batch experiments were performed for chromium adsorption with optimization for contact time, pH, concentration, adsorbent dose etc. on the extent of adsorption by MCC-nZVI. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm were best applied to analyze the adsorption data of chromium. MCC-nZVI(6) shows optimum adsorption efficiency. The adsorption efficiency of MCC-nZVI was dependent on their surface area. Maximum adsorption of chromium was found to be 57 mg of Cr(VI)/g of MCC-nZVI (6) at pH 3 and 24 h equilibrium time. The adsorption kinetics could be described by pseudo second order kinetic model