Browsing by Author "Sharma, S.K."

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    Chemical and Bioactive Profiling, and Biological Activities of Coral Fungi from Northwestern Himalayas
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2017) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.
    Ramaria Fr. and Clavaria L. are the two major genera of coral mushrooms within families Gomphaceae and Clavariaceae, respectively. Besides having important role in forest ecology, some species of these are reported to possess high nutraceutical and bioactive potential. There is a hidden diversity of coral mushrooms in Northwestern Himalayas. Present studies describe the detailed biochemical profiling and antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of twelve coral mushroom species. Biochemical profiling of nutrients and nutraceuticals was done with standard techniques and by using HPLC, UPLC and GC. Experiments were also conducted to check the toxic metals detection. Antioxidant activities were calculated using EC50 values from mushroom extracts. Antibacterial activities were checked on six pathogenic bacterial strains through minimum inhibition concenterations. Although, differences were observed in the net values of individual species but all the species were found to be rich in protein, macro and micro minerals, carbohydrates, unsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, phenolics, tocopherols, anthocynadins and carotenoids. All the species showed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. These species are reported to free from heavy toxic metals. Present studies will open the way for their large scale commercial exploitations and use in pharmaceutical industries as antioxidant, antibacterial and nutraceutical constituents. ? 2017 The Author(s).
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    Chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of cultured mycelia of four clavicipitaceous mushrooms (Ascomycetes) from the Indian Himalayas
    (Begell House Inc., 2017) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.
    Cultured mycelia of 4 clavicipitaceous fungi belonging to 2 genera, Cordyceps (C. gracilis, C. cicadae, C. sinclairii) and Metacordyceps (M. dhauladharensis), were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Experiments to determine these characteristics were performed following standard methods. The fatty acid profiles of mycelia of all the species were analysed using gas chromatography. Chemical composition analysis of mycelial samples revealed carbohydrates (46.72 ? 0.7% to 63.40 ? 0.3%), protein (14.19 ? 0.2% to 26.16 ? 0.1%), crude fibers (0.93 ? 0.0% to 1.22 ? 0.0%), and ash (0.77 ? 0.0% to 0.98 ? 0.0%). The amounts of calcium and iron in mycelia were significantly higher than amounts of magnesium, copper, and manganese. The amount of ?-carotene ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 ?g/100 g; lycopene, from 0.30 to 0.57 ?g/100 g; phenolic compounds, from 29.16 to 43.12 mg/100 g; polysaccharides, from 104 to 126 mg/g; and flavonoids, from 2.15 to 4.25 mg/g. All tested species showed significant (P ? 0.05) antioxidant activities measured based on half-maximal effective concentrations. C. cicadae possessed the lowest half-maximal effective concentration compared with the other species. All 4 species showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against 7 tested pathogenic bacterial strains. ? 2017 Begell House, Inc.
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    Chemical, Bioactive, and Antioxidant Potential of Twenty Wild Culinary Mushroom Species
    (Hindawi Limited, 2015) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.
    The chemical, bioactive, and antioxidant potential of twenty wild culinary mushroom species being consumed by the people of northern Himalayan regions has been evaluated for the first time in the present study. Nutrients analyzed include protein, crude fat, fibres, carbohydrates, and monosaccharides. Besides, preliminary study on the detection of toxic compounds was done on these species. Bioactive compounds evaluated are fatty acids, amino acids, tocopherol content, carotenoids (?-carotene, lycopene), flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanidins. Fruitbodies extract of all the species was tested for different types of antioxidant assays. Although differences were observed in the net values of individual species all the species were found to be rich in protein, and carbohydrates and low in fat. Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide. Predominance of UFA (65-70%) over SFA (30-35%) was observed in all the species with considerable amounts of other bioactive compounds. All the species showed higher effectiveness for antioxidant capacities. ? 2015 S. K. Sharma and N. Gautam.
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    Evaluation of mycelial nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants of five Himalayan entomopathogenic ascomyceteous fungi from India
    (Begell House Inc., 2015) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.; Atri, N.S.
    In this study, using standard methods, mycelial nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants were analyzed for the first time for five fungal species: Isaria sinclairii (Berk.) Lloyd, I. tenuipes Peck, I. japonica Yasuda, I. farinosa (Holmsk) Fr. and Cordyceps tuberculata (Lebert) Maire. All of these species were low in fat content and rich in protein, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates. Mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Ca) were detected in appreciable amounts. All three types of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated) as well as bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, ?-carotene, lycopene, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides) were detected for each species. The investigated species showed high ferric-reducing antioxidant power as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Although differences were observed in the values of each species, each species showed richness in one or more components. ? 2015 Begell House, Inc.
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    Evaluation of nutritional, nutraceutical, and antioxidant composition of eight wild culinary mushrooms (Higher basidiomycetes) from the Northwest Himalayas
    (Begell House Inc., 2016) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.
    In this article, 8 culinary mushroom species?namely, Agaricus arvensis, Lepiota leucothites, Amanita caesarea, Gymnopilus junonius, Coprinus atramentarius, Hygrocybe coccinea, Hygrophorus pustulatus, and Lactarius pubescens?were collected from different localities of the northwest Himalayas and evaluated for nutritional, nutraceutical, and antioxidant composition on a dry weight basis. Nutritional composition of these species showed carbohydrates (37.16-57.10%), protein (10.17-22.63%), fiber (0.99-2.11%), ash (0.11-1.10%), and crude fat (0.22-0.30%). Mineral elements iron, mercury, copper, manganese, and calcium were documented in varying amounts from all the species. The nutritional composition of all the species varied; however, each species showed richness in one or more components. Nutraceutical evaluation of all the species showed the presence of ?-carotene, lycopene, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and flavonoids in considerable amounts. Among all the species, A. arvensis, A. caesarea, and L. pubescens showed larger amounts of one or more nutraceutical components. Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide in all the species. All the species exhibited different activities for ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, Fe2+ chelating activity, and superoxide anion radical scavenging ability. ? 2016 Begell House, Inc.
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    Metacordyceps dhauladharensis sp. nov., a new entomopathogenic fungus from India
    (Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.
    This paper describes a new species of Clavicipitaceae fungi belonging to the genus Metacordyceps G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora, defined as Metacordyceps dhauladharensis sp. nov., from India. The diagnostic features of this new species are stipitate stromata of brownish color and an elongated fertile head on a Hymenopteran host. The perithecium size of this species was measured as 152?257 ? 65?72 ?m, and the asci were measured as 30?48 ?m in length and 2.5 ?m in breadth. Based on molecular studies, the sequence of 469 bp of this species showed only 86% homology with Metacordyceps indigotica (Kobayasi & Shimizu) Kepler, G.H. Sung & Spatafora. ? T?B?TAK.
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    Optimization, composition, and antioxidant activities of exo-and intracellular polysaccharides in submerged culture of cordyceps gracilis (Grev.) durieu & Mont.
    (Hindawi Limited, 2015) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.; Atri, N.S.
    Under present experiments, EPS and IPS production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activities of C. gracilis were studied for the first time under submerged culture conditions. Effect of different factors on polysaccharides production was studied by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. Incubation of culture in the medium with capacity 200 mL (675.12 ? 5.01 and 385.20 ? 5.01 mg/L), rotation speed 150 rpm (324.62 ? 3.32 and 254.62 ? 4.62 mg/L), 6-day culture incubation time (445.24 ? 1.11, 216.60 ? 1.71 mg/L), pH 6.0 (374.81 ? 2.52 and 219.45 ? 2.59 mg/L), and temperature 23?C (405.24 ? 1.11 and 215.60 ? 1.71 mg/L) produced higher EPS and IPS, respectively. Maximum EPS and IPS production was observed in the medium supplemented with glucose as a carbon source (464.82 ? 2.12 and 264.42 ? 2.62 mg/L) and yeast extract as a nitrogen source (465.21 ? 3.11 and 245.17 ? 3.24 mg/L), respectively. Carbon to nitrogen ratio for maximum EPS and IPS production was observed as 10: 1 (395.29 ? 2.15 and 235.62 ? 1.40 mg/L), respectively. Glucose was found to be the major monosaccharide (62.15 ? 7.33%). Both EPS and IPS of C. gracilis showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and iron chelating activity. ? 2015 Sapan Kumar Sharma et al.
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    Optimized extraction, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of exo and intracellular polysaccharides from submerged culture of Cordyceps cicadae
    (BioMed Central Ltd., 2015) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.; Atri, N.S.
    Background: Cordyceps cicadae is known as Jin Chan Hua in Traditional Chinese Medicine and known to possess different pharmacological activities. Presently, it was collected from the wild and isolated. Mycelial culture was optimized for extraction of polysaccharides under submerged culture conditions. Besides antioxidant, antibacterial activities of extracted polysaccharides were tested for first time. Methods: Exo-polysaccharides (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) production was tested under different factors (medium capacity, rotation speed, pH, incubation time, temperature, carbon, nitrogen, minerals sources and carbon to nitrogen ratio) by orthogonal experiments using one-factor-at-a-time method. Monosaccharides composition of polysaccharides produced by C. cicadae was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities on eight bacterial strains were checked by different standard procedures. Results: Factors viz., medium capacity, rotation speed, incubation time, pH and temperature affected the EPS and IPS production under submerged culture conditions. EPS and IPS production was observed to vary with different carbon and nitrogen sources as well as C/N ratio. Glucose was the major component of polysaccharides (63.10 ? 4.15 %). Extracted EPS and IPS showed higher antioxidant potential with significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and iron chelating activity. Antimicrobial activities of EPS and IPS varied among the tested bacterial strains. IPS showed slightly higher inhibition rate to all the tested bacterial strains as compared to EPS. Maximum inhibition zones of IPS (12.9 ? 0.2 mm) and EPS (12.5 ? 0.3 mm) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 10 % con. However, both EPS and IPS fractions showed broad spectrum for all the pathogenic microbial strains tested. The MIC of both the extracts ranged from 60-100 mg/mL. Conclusions: EPS and IPS production from submerged culture of C. cicadae with significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential can be enhanced with the combination of several factors which can be used for large scale industrial fermentation of C. cicadae. ? 2015 Sharma et al.
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    Structural, magnetic and electronic properties of Zn0.94Co0.06O/ZnO heterostructure
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021-10-12T00:00:00) Rajput, Parasmani; Nand, Mangla; Gupta, Mukul; Sagdeo, P.R.; Sagdeo, A.; Sharma, S.K.; Coelha, A.A.; Jha, S.N.; Bhattacharyya, D.; Kumar, Manvendra
    In the present work, single layers of ZnO, Zn0.94Co0.06O and Zn0.94Co0.06O/ZnO heterostructure thin film on quartz substrates as well as on Si (111) substrate have been prepared using RF ion beam sputtering. Grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), UV�Vis spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), vibrating sample magnetometer�(VSM) and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) were performed to obtain structural, optical, electronic properties. GIXRD measurement confirms Wurtzite structure of ZnO, whereas UV�Vis spectroscopy shows a blue shift of the absorption edge in Zn0.94Co0.06O single layer with respect to ZnO film with band gap of 3.18 and 3.32�eV for ZnO and Zn0.94Co0.06O single layer films, respectively. The O K-edge spectra revealed O 2p hybridization with Zn3d4s/Co3d states, whereas Co L3-edge and Co K-edge XANES spectra confirm Co2+ oxidation state. M-H hysteresis measurement at 300�K shows a weak ferromagnetism for Zn0.94Co0.06O single layer and Zn0.94Co0.06O/ZnO heterostructure thin film. Furthermore, to obtain band offset of Zn0.94Co0.06O/ZnO heterostructure thin films, valance band maximum and core level peaks were measured using PES measurement. The offsets in valance band and conduction band for Zn0.94Co0.06O/ZnO heterostructure thin film were obtained as ~0.41�eV and ~0.55�eV, respectively, and compared with ~0.36�eV and ~0.51�eV, respectively, of Zn0.9Co0.1O/ZnO heterostructure thin films. The results show that a type-II band alignment in the studied system. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.
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    Taxonomical establishment and compositional studies of a new cordyceps (ascomycetes) species from the northwest himalayas (India)
    (Begell House Inc., 2016) Sharma, S.K.; Gautam, N.; Atri, N.S.; Dhancholia, S.
    During a frequent survey in the northwest Indian Himalayan region, a new species-Cordyceps macleodganensis-was encountered. This species is described on the basis of its macromorphological features, microscopic details, and internal transcribed spacer sequencing. This species showed only 90% resemblance to Cordyceps gracilis. The chemical composition of the mycelium showed protein (14.95 ? 0.2%) and carbohydrates (59.21 ? 3.8%) as the major nutrients. This species showed appreciable amounts of ?-carotene, lycopene, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and flavonoids. Mycelial culture of this species showed higher effectiveness for ferric-reducing antioxidant power, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferrous ion-chelating activity, and scavenging ability on superoxide anion-derived radicals, calculated by half-maximal effective concentrations. ? 2016 Begell House, Inc.