Browsing by Author "Singh, Amit"

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Bulbine frutescens phytochemicals as novel ABC-transporter inhibitor: A molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation study
(OAE Publishing Inc., 2021-01-08T00:00:00) Kushwaha, Prem Prakash; Maurya, Santosh Kumar; Singh, Amit; Prajapati, Kumari Sunita; Singh, Atul Kumar; Shuaib, Mohd; Kumar, Shashank
Aim: The present in silico study aimed to evaluate the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter inhibition potential of Bulbine frutescens (B. frutescens) phytochemicals. Methods: Several previous studies and databases were used to retrieve the ligands and target protein structure. The molecular docking study was performed using the Auto Dock Tools, and the GROMACS package was applied to accomplish molecular dynamics simulation. Results: Utilizing the molecular docking and simulation approach, ?25 phytochemicals were screened against the ABC transporter protein. Docking score analysis revealed that B. frutescens phytochemical 4?-Demethylknipholone 2?-?-D-glucopyranoside exhibited strong binding on the ABC transporter protein with a minimum binding score -9.8 kcal/mol in comparison to the standard ABC transporter inhibitor diltiazem (-6.86 kcal/mol). Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation for 4?-Demethylknipholone 2?-?-D-glucopyranoside showed an acceptable root mean square deviation, radius of gyration, root mean square fluctuation, and hydrogen bond, in addition to other lead compounds. Conclusion: The in-silico study demonstrated that B. frutescens phytochemical 4?-Demethylknipholone 2?-?-D-glucopyranoside possesses anti-drug resistance properties and requires further testing in preclinical settings. � 2021 The Author(s).
Clinical and Molecular Heterogeneity of Silver-Russell Syndrome and Therapeutic Challenges: A Systematic Review
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2022-03-16T00:00:00) Singh, Amit; Pajni, Ketan; Panigrahi, Inusha; Khetarpal, Preeti
Background: Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is a developmental disorder involving ex-treme growth failure, characteristic facial features and underlying genetic heterogeneity. As the clinical heterogeneity of SRS makes diagnosis a challenging task, the worldwide incidence of SRS could vary from 1:30,000 to 1:100,000. Although various chromosomal, genetic, and epigenetic mutations have been linked with SRS, the cause had only been identified in half of the cases. Material and Methods: To have a better understanding of the SRS clinical presentation and mutation/epimutation responsible for SRS, a systematic review of the literature was carried out using ap-propriate keywords in various scientific databases (PROSPERO protocol registration CRD42021273211). Clinical features of SRS have been compiled and presented corresponding to the specific genetic subtype. An attempt has been made to understand the recurrence risk and the role of model organisms in understanding the molecular mechanisms of SRS pathology, treatment, and management strategies of the affected patients through the analysis of selected literature. Results: 156 articles were selected to understand the clinical and molecular heterogeneity of SRS. Information about detailed clinical features was available for 228 patients only, and it was observed that body asymmetry and relative macrocephaly were most prevalent in cases with methylation defects of the 11p15 region. In about 38% of cases, methylation defects in ICRs or genomic mutations at the 11p15 region have been implicated. Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (mUPD7) accounts for about 7% of SRS cases, and rarely, uniparental disomy of other autosomes (11, 14, 16, and 20 chromosomes) has been documented. Mutation in half of the cases is yet to be identified. Studies involving mice as experimental animals have been helpful in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism. As the clinical presentation of the syndrome varies a lot, treatment needs to be individualized with multidisciplinary effort. Conclusion: SRS is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder, with most of the cases being implicated with a mutation in the 11p15 region and maternal disomy of chromosome 7. Recurrence risk varies according to the molecular subtype. Studies with mice as a model organism have been useful in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism leading to the characteristic clinical presentation of the syndrome. Management strategies often need to be individualized due to varied clinical presentations. � 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
Colistin Resistance and Management of Drug Resistant Infections
(Hindawi Limited, 2022-12-10T00:00:00) Sharma, Juhi; Sharma, Divakar; Singh, Amit; Sunita, Kumari
Colistin resistance is a globalized sensible issue because it has been considered a drug of the last-line resort to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections. The product of the mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene and its variants are the significant causes of colistin resistance, which is emerging due to the frequent colistin use in veterinary, and these genes circulate among the bacterial community. Apart from mcr genes, some other intrinsic genes and proteins are also involved in colistin resistance. Researchers focus on the most advanced genomics (whole genome sequencing), proteomics, and bioinformatics approaches to explore the question of colistin resistance. To combat colistin resistance, researchers developed various strategies such as the development of newer drugs, the repurposing of existing drugs, combinatorial treatment by colistin with other drugs, a nano-based approach, photodynamic therapy, a CRISPRi-based strategy, and a phage-based strategy. In this timeline review, we have discussed the development of colistin resistance and its management in developing countries. � 2022 Juhi Sharma et al.
Colistin Resistance and Management of Drug Resistant Infections
(Hindawi Limited, 2022-12-10T00:00:00) Sharma, Juhi; Sharma, Divakar; Singh, Amit; Sunita, Kumari
Colistin resistance is a globalized sensible issue because it has been considered a drug of the last-line resort to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections. The product of the mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene and its variants are the significant causes of colistin resistance, which is emerging due to the frequent colistin use in veterinary, and these genes circulate among the bacterial community. Apart from mcr genes, some other intrinsic genes and proteins are also involved in colistin resistance. Researchers focus on the most advanced genomics (whole genome sequencing), proteomics, and bioinformatics approaches to explore the question of colistin resistance. To combat colistin resistance, researchers developed various strategies such as the development of newer drugs, the repurposing of existing drugs, combinatorial treatment by colistin with other drugs, a nano-based approach, photodynamic therapy, a CRISPRi-based strategy, and a phage-based strategy. In this timeline review, we have discussed the development of colistin resistance and its management in developing countries. � 2022 Juhi Sharma et al.
Components of IGF-axis in growth disorders: a systematic review and patent landscape report
(Springer, 2022-05-06T00:00:00) Singh, Amit; Pajni, Ketan; Panigrahi, Inusha; Dhoat, Navdeep; Senapati, Sabyasachi; Khetarpal, Preeti
Purpose: In this review, epi/genetic mutations of IGF-axis components associated with growth disorders have been summarized alongwith assessment of relevant diagnostic and therapeutic technology through patent literature. Methodology: PROSPERO protocol registration CRD42021279468. For scientific literature search Literature databases (PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) were queried using the appropriate syntax. Various filters were applied based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Search results were further refined by two authors for finalizing studies to be included in this synthesis. For patent documents search Patent databases (Patentscope and Espacenet) were queried using keywords: IGF or IGFBP. Filters were applied according to International Patent Classification (IPC) and Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC). Search results were reviewed by two authors for inclusion in the patent landscape report. Results: For scientific literature analysis, out of 545 search results, 196 were selected for review based on the inclusion criteria. For Patent literature search, out of 485 results, 37 were selected for this synthesis. Conclusion: Dysregulation of IGF-axis components leads to various abnormalities and their key role in growth and development suggests epi/mutations or structural defects among IGF-axis genes can be associated with growth disorders and may explain some of the idiopathic short stature cases. Trend of patent filings indicate advent of recombinant technology for therapeutics. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
An Overview of Immunosensors and Their Application
(Springer Nature, 2023-03-01T00:00:00) Gupta, Anil Kumar; Animesh, Sambhavi; Singh, Amit
A key challenge in clinical healthcare is meeting the need to detect a disease at an early stage. Early and accurate diagnosis not only cuts the treatment cost but can also reduce disease burden, mortality rate, and social inequalities. Therefore, researchers are always searching for a method that allows rapid, simple, sensitive, selective, and cost-effective detection of the target biomarker (peptides, proteins, or nucleic acid). Immunosensors are one such point-of-care diagnostic device that can play an important role in almost all clinical healthcare fields. They are a promising alternative to the traditional immunoassays and state-of-the-art affinity sensors to diagnose clinically important analytes/antigens due to their high affinity, versatility, compact size, fast response time, minimum sample processing, and the measurements� reproducibility. For many decades now, significant advancement has been made in the immunosensor field in which the use of nanomaterials for increased sensitivity, multiplexing, or microfluidic-based devices may have the potential for promising use in clinical analysis. This chapter will provide an overview of the currently available immunosensor technology, its types that are currently being developed, and the limitations and future directions of immunosensor technology for the clinical laboratory. � The Editor (s) (if applicable) and the Author (s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.2023.
An Overview of Immunosensors and Their Application
(Springer Nature, 2023-03-01T00:00:00) Gupta, Anil Kumar; Animesh, Sambhavi; Singh, Amit
A key challenge in clinical healthcare is meeting the need to detect a disease at an early stage. Early and accurate diagnosis not only cuts the treatment cost but can also reduce disease burden, mortality rate, and social inequalities. Therefore, researchers are always searching for a method that allows rapid, simple, sensitive, selective, and cost-effective detection of the target biomarker (peptides, proteins, or nucleic acid). Immunosensors are one such point-of-care diagnostic device that can play an important role in almost all clinical healthcare fields. They are a promising alternative to the traditional immunoassays and state-of-the-art affinity sensors to diagnose clinically important analytes/antigens due to their high affinity, versatility, compact size, fast response time, minimum sample processing, and the measurements� reproducibility. For many decades now, significant advancement has been made in the immunosensor field in which the use of nanomaterials for increased sensitivity, multiplexing, or microfluidic-based devices may have the potential for promising use in clinical analysis. This chapter will provide an overview of the currently available immunosensor technology, its types that are currently being developed, and the limitations and future directions of immunosensor technology for the clinical laboratory. � The Editor (s) (if applicable) and the Author (s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.2023.