Browsing by Author "Singh, Charan"
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Item Modulating autophagy and mitophagy as a promising therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative disorders(Elsevier Inc., 2022-11-04T00:00:00) Mishra, Jayapriya; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Sehrawat, Abhishek; Singh, Charan; Singh, Arti; Reddy, Arubala P.; Reddy, P. Hemachandra; Bhatti, Jasvinder SinghThe high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases has become a major public health challenge and is associated with a tremendous burden on individuals, society and federal governments worldwide. Protein misfolding and aggregation are the major pathological hallmarks of several neurodegenerative disorders. The cells have evolved several regulatory mechanisms to deal with aberrant protein folding, namely the classical ubiquitin pathway, where ubiquitination of protein aggregates marks their degradation via lysosome and the novel autophagy or mitophagy pathways. Autophagy is a catabolic process in eukaryotic cells that allows the lysosome to recycle the cell's own contents, such as organelles and proteins, known as autophagic cargo. Their most significant role is to keep cells alive in distressed situations. Mitophagy is also crucial for reducing abnormal protein aggregation and increasing organelle clearance and partly accounts for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, substantial data indicate that any disruption in these homeostatic mechanisms leads to the emergence of several age-associated metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. So, targeting autophagy and mitophagy might be a potential therapeutic strategy for a variety of health conditions. � 2022Item Progression of pre-rheumatoid arthritis to clinical disease of joints: Potential role of mesenchymal stem cells(Elsevier Inc., 2023-03-28T00:00:00) Sardana, Yogesh; Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur; Singh, Charan; Sharma, Pushpender Kumar; Reddy, P. Hemachandra; Bhatti, Jasvinder SinghRheumatoid arthritis (RA) related autoimmunity is developed at mucosal sites due to the interplay between genetic risk factors and environmental triggers. The pre-RA phase that leads to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and other autoantibodies spread in the systemic circulation may not affect articular tissue for years until a mysterious second hit triggers the localization of RA-related autoimmunity in joints. Several players in the joint microenvironment mediate the synovial innate and adaptive immunological processes, eventually leading to clinical synovitis. There still exists a gap in the early phase of RA pathogenesis, i.e., the progression of diseases from the systemic circulation to joints. The lack of better understanding of these events results in the inability to answer questions about why only after a certain point of time the disease appears in joints and why in some cases, it simply remains latent and doesn't affect joints at all. In the current review, we focused on the immunomodulatory and regenerative role of mesenchymal stem cells and associated exosomes in RA pathology. We also highlighted the age-related dysregulations in activities of mesenchymal stem cells and how that might trigger homing of systemic autoimmunity to joints. � 2023 Elsevier Inc.Item Recent advances in microwave-assisted nanocarrier based drug delivery system: Trends and technologies(Editions de Sante, 2023-08-09T00:00:00) Virlley, Shachi; Shukla, Shipra; Arora, Sanchit; Shukla, Deeksha; Nagdiya, Deepak; Bajaj, Tania; Kujur, Sima; Garima; Kumar, Arun; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Singh, Arti; Singh, CharanMicrowave irradiation technology has a lot of applications in the field of food processing, organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical therapy. The basic mechanisms observed in microwave-assisted syntheses are dipolar polarization and conduction. Of late, it has gained tremendous attention in the synthesis of drug delivery systems for enhanced solubility, dissolution rate, and biopharmaceutical attributes. Considering the myriads of advantages over conventional heating such as high percentage yield, lesser reaction time, deep penetration of heat, and improved product quality; microwave-assisted technology holds potential in the development of nano- and microparticle-based drug delivery systems with improved physicochemical characteristics and thereby, bioavailability. In this review, we have discussed the formulation of drug delivery systems which includes lipidic, polymeric, metallic, and micellar nanoparticles. We have also summarized solid dispersion, dendrimers, and carbon nanotubes in this manuscript. However, it is possible to expedite the extraction process, save expenses, and increase the effectiveness, reliability, and simplicity of responses. Therefore, microwave technology provides a new avenue for the development of drug delivery systems in various biomedical applications. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.