Browsing by Author "Singh, Harminder"

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    Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Its Removal Strategies with Special Emphasis on Nano Zerovalent Iron
    (wiley, 2022-12-02T00:00:00) Thakur, Shivani; Singh, Harminder; Chaudhari, Umakant; Mittal, Sunil; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar
    An occurrence of arsenic (As) in an aquatic ecosystem is a major concern because of its very toxic and carcinogenic nature. Groundwater arsenic pollution has been reported globally, notably along the large Indo-Gangetic flood plain and some major rivers of South Asia and South American nations. It comes in water both via natural and anthropogenic sources. Major processes that trigger the release of As in groundwater include reductive dissolution of Fe-oxyhydroxides, sulfide oxidation, and alkali desorption. Microbial metabolisms of arsenic also play a crucial role in its mobilization in aquifers. Ions such as HCO 3 ? and PO 4 3? also help in triggering arsenic mobility in water. Different methods are developed for As removal from water such as precipitation, coagulation, ion exchange, and membrane filtration, but none of the methods are as effective as nanomaterials. With the advancement in a study in nanotechnology during the past few years, an increase in usage of different nanomaterials as adsorbents for arsenic removal has also been observed. Among these, nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) has been proved quite effective for arsenic removal from the water by the adsorption technique. The nZVI has high reactivity, good efficiency, and fast action for As removal, and a low impact on the environment. Further, intensive research is going on to alter the properties of nZVI following specific applications as per the requirements. This chapter presents an overview of several geochemical processes aiding in As mobility from the aquifer sediments into groundwater, briefly describing its distribution pattern across global groundwater systems. It also aims to provide an overview of the effectiveness of different iron-based nanoparticles with particular reference to nZVI for the removal of different species of Arsenic from water. � 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2023 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    A Geographical Study Of Occupational Structure In Sri Muktsar Sahib District, Punjab
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Singh, Harminder; Guite Sasang L.T.
    The district of Sri Muktsar Sahib facing waterlogging problem since the period of 1980 after the introduction of two major canals namely Sirhind Feeder and Indra Gandhi canal during 1960. The condition of waterlogging exists in small patches in all areas of district. Mostly the waterlogged areas prevail along Indra Gandhi Canal. The district has both permanent and seasonal types of water-logging and presently shifting toward south-west of district. Present study is an initiative to study the impact of waterlogging on occupational structure of people. Both primary and secondary source of data are being used for study, In primary source, Mapping is completed with GIS (Geographic Information System) by using Bhuvan Geo-portal data and secondly field study was conducted with the help of questionnaire, apart from these GPS (Global Positioning System) were used for collecting GCP (Ground Control Points). Secondary source includes Census reports, Journals Articles, books and other web sources. The main finding of study indicates that waterlogging condition has no impact upon occupation structure of people because people are earning their livelihood from other sources. Mostly people are aware about government policies and waterlogging condition is not forcing them to engage in other occupation.
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    The Indian perspective on the harmful substances found in sanitary napkins and their effects on the environment and human health
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-04-06T00:00:00) Kumar, Binay; Singh, Jandeep; Mittal, Sunil; Singh, Harminder
    In this study, hazardous substances in 5 different brands of sanitary napkins being used in India have been analysed through gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS). Concentration of chemicals such as volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) (acetone, iso propyl alcohol, toluene), persistent organic pollutant (dioxins and furans), phthalates and total chlorine present in sanitary napkin have been reported. Furthermore, amounts of plastic present per sanitary napkin and total plastic waste generation potential have been calculated. Additionally, data analysis was done to understand the health impacts of these hazardous chemicals on users and the environment. It has been found that Indian sanitary pads have higher concentration of hazardous chemicals, as compared to similar product being sold in developed countries like � USA, Europe and Japan. The values of total chlorine observed in 5 different brands were found to be in the range of 170 to 460 ppm; dioxins varied from 0.244 to 21.419 pg/g; furans varied from 0.07 to 0.563 pg/g; acetone varied from 351 to 429 ppm; isopropyl alcohol varied from 125 to 184 ppm; toluene varied from 2.91 to 3.21 ppb; concentration of two phthalates, DBP and DEHP varied from 57.3 to 127.8 and from 146.2 to 188.5, respectively. Plastic pollution potential of this waste is approximately 33,210 tons/year. Daily exposure volume (DEV) of dioxins varied from 2.295 to 2.266 pg TEQ/g and furan from 0.0616 to 0.0738 pg TEQ/kg/day, compared to safe TDI value < 0.7 TEQ/kg/day. Dioxin�s value is around 3 times higher than the accepted TDI value, whereas furan is within acceptable limit. Daily exposure doses (DED) of DBP were observed in-between 4.24 and 9.47 ?g/kg-bw/day, whereas the DEHP value varied from 0.541 to 0.698 ?g/kg-bw/day. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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    Novel Zinc ferrite composite with starch and carboxy methyl starch from biowaste precursor for the removal of Ni (II) ion from aqueous solutions
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023-06-19T00:00:00) Sharma, Dimple; Jasrotia, Rimzim; Singh, Jandeep; Mittal, Sunil; Singh, Harminder
    In the present work, Zinc ferrite composites with Mango starch (MS) and carboxymethyl mango starch (CMMS) were synthesized for the removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Composites prepared were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, pH of point zero charge (pHzpc), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and BET. Batch adsorption technique was used to study effect of various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, concentration, and temperature for removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The optimum time, pH, adsorbent dose and temperature required for ZFN@ MS and ZFN@ CMMS in this study was 110 min., 7 & 8, 0.1 g and 308 K, respectively. Out of various adsorption isotherms, Freundlich isotherm model fitted best with adsorption data. Maximum adsorption capacity for removal of Ni (II) were found to be 65.3 and 208.3 mg/g, respectively by using Zinc ferrite@ MS and Zinc ferrite@ CMMS adsorbents. Lagergren Pseudo second order model best fitted with results which indicated that the process of adsorption was chemical in nature. The value of adsorption energy for ZFN@ MS was 50 kJ/mol and for ZFN@ CMMS, it was 31.62 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic study revealed that process was endothermic and non-spontaneous in nature. Regeneration studies were conducted for five cycles where Zinc ferrite@ MS showed 71% regeneration efficiency and Zinc ferrite@ CMMS showed 78% regeneration efficiency for nickel ion removal from aqueous solution. � 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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    Robust removal of cationic dyes by zinc ferrite composites in single and ternary dye systems
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023-05-02T00:00:00) Rimzim; Singh, Jandeep; Mittal, Sunil; Singh, Harminder
    For the continuous economic growth and development of society, clean and safe water is the basic necessity. Therefore, it is necessary to treat contaminated water. Magnetic ferrite composites with bio-waste materials are less explored in the area of research, so these need to be focused. In present study, novel magnetic Zinc Ferrite Pine Cone composite was prepared and used for the efficient removal of Crystal Violet, Malachite Green and Methylene Blue (Dye) from aqueous solution in single and ternary dye system. Various characterization techniques such as FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy), TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Analysis) are used for the structure elucidation of Zinc Ferrite and Zinc Ferrite Pine cone (Composite). Batch adsorption method was used for the removal of dyes in single and ternary dye system. Lagergren pseudo second order adsorption model fits best in the kinetic studies whereas, Langmuir adsorption isotherm showed better results with maximum adsorption capacity 76.33, 200 and 94.33 mg/g for single dye system and 9.46, 20.45 and 27.93 mg/g respectively in ternary dye system for dyes CV, MG and MB. Thermodynamic study confirmed about the spontaneous nature of adsorption process. The regeneration ability of the composite in both the systems was studied up to five cycles. So, it becomes clear that the composite (Zinc Ferrite Pine Cone) will work as best alternative for dyes removal in single and ternary dye system. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.
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    Synthesis of CTAB modified ferrite composite for the efficient removal of brilliant green dye
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022-07-08T00:00:00) Jasrotia, Rimzim; Singh, Jandeep; Mittal, Sunil; Singh, Harminder
    In the present work, magnetic nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) have been synthesised using low temperature combustion method and then modified with Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to form a magnetic composite. Prepared composite (CTAB-NiFe2O4) was used as an adsorbent for removing brilliant green dye from aqueous solution. Adsorbent was investigated by using various techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectra, thermogravimetric analysis and pH of point zero charge. Different parameters such as effect of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose and initial dye concentration were studied for the adsorption of dye. The optimum values observed were 170�minutes equilibrium time at pH 6 and adsorbent dose 0.6�g. Various adsorption kinetic models such as pseudo first-order kinetic model, pseudo second-order kinetic model and Elovich model were used to determine the nature of adsorption. Pseudo second-order kinetic model fitted better with higher R2 value which indicated that the adsorption was chemical in nature. Langmuir isotherm was best fitted to experimental data for the adsorption of brilliant green dye with maximum adsorption capacity �Qe� 250 mg/g. It revealed that the adsorption in this study takes place on homogenous surface and follows monolayer pattern. Therefore, for the removal of Brilliant green dye from wastewater using composite (CTAB-NiFe2O4) can be considered as an effective adsorbent. � 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.