Browsing by Author "Singh, J."

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Laccase immobilized magnetic iron nanoparticles: Fabrication and its performance evaluation in chlorpyrifos degradation
(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Das, A.; Singh, J.; Yogalakshmi, K.N.
Chlorpyrifos degradation was studied using laccase immobilized on magnetic iron nanoparticles (CENPs). The magnetic iron nanoparticles (MNPs) prepared by co-precipitation method were characterized using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy- Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The size of the nanoparticles ranged between 10 and 15 nm. The MNPs were coated with chitosan, surface modified with carbodiimide (EDAC) immobilized with laccase enzymes. The chlorpyrifos degradation studies were performed in batch studies under constant shaking for a period of 12 h. Results of the study showed that laccase immobilized on magnetic iron nanoparticles were effective in degrading more than 99% chlorpyrifos in 12 h at pH 7 and 60 ?C. In the overall degradation percentage, MNPs contributed to 32.3% of chlorpyrifos removal while ENPs resulted in 58.8% chlorpyrifos degradation. Immobilization of enzyme decreased the overall activity of the free enzyme. The CENPs showed 95% activity after five repeated washing and hence possess good reusability potential. ? 2017 Elsevier Ltd
PPARG and ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms increase type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in Asian Indian Sikhs: Pro12Ala still remains as the strongest predictor
(2010) Sanghera, D.K.; Demirci, F.Y.; Been, L.; Ortega, L.; Ralhan, S.; Wander, G.S.; Mehra, N.K.; Singh, J.; Aston, C.E.; Mulvihill, J.J.; Kamboh, I.M.
We have examined the association of 14 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-? transcripts 1 and 2 (PPARG1 and 2) and 5 tagSNPs in adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes for their effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) risk in Asian Indian Sikhs. A total of 554 T2D cases and 527 normoglycemic controls were examined for association with T2D and other subphenotypes of T2D. With the exception of a strong association of PPARG2/Pro12Ala with T2D (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.56; P = .0007), no other tagSNP in the PPARG locus revealed any significant association with T2D in this population. Similarly, none of the tagSNPs in the ADIPOQ gene was associated with T2D susceptibility in single-site analysis. However, haplotype analysis provided strong evidence of association of these loci with T2D. Three-site haplotype analysis in the PPARG locus using the 2 marginally associated SNPs (P/rs11715073 and P/rs3892175) in combination with Pro12 Ala (P/rs1801282) revealed a strong association of 1 "risk" (CGC) (P = .003, permutation P = .015) and 1 "protective" (CAC) (P = .001, permutation P = .005) haplotype associated with T2D. However, the major effect still appears to be driven by Pro12Ala, as the association of these haplotypes did not remain significant when analyzed conditional upon Pro12Ala (P = .262). In addition, 2-site haplotype analysis in the ADIPOQ locus using only 2 marginally associated SNPs (AD/rs182052 and AD/rs7649121) revealed a significant protective association of the GA haplotype with T2D (P = .009, permutation P = .026). Multiple linear regression analysis also revealed significant association of an ADIPOQ variant (AD/rs12495941) with total body weight (P = .010), waist (P = .024), and hip (P = .021), although these associations were not significant after adjusting for multiple testing. Our new findings strongly suggest that the genetic variation in PPARG and ADIPOQ loci could contribute to the risk for the development of T2D in Indian Sikhs. Identification of causal SNPs in these important biological and positional candidate genes would help determine the true physiologic significance of these loci in T2D and obesity. ? 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Prospecting Ammoniphilus sp. JF isolated from agricultural fields for butachlor degradation
(Springer Verlag, 2018) Singh, J.; Kadapakkam Nandabalan, Y.
Butachlor is a chloroacetamide herbicide used worldwide for controlling weeds in plants of rice, corn, soybean and other crops. In this study, indigenous bacterial species Ammoniphilus sp. JF was isolated from the agricultural fields of Punjab and identified using 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. The bacteria utilized butachlor as the sole carbon source and showed complete degradation (100?mg/L) within 24?h of incubation. Two intermediate products, namely 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester and 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol were observed at the end of butachlor degradation. To the best of author?s knowledge, biodegradation of butachlor by indigenous Ammoniphilus sp. JF from the agricultural fields of Punjab has not been reported so far. ? 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Study of Plasma Parameters and Deposition Rate of Titanium Thin Film in a DC Magnetron Sputtering Method
(Pleiades journals, 2022-07-25T00:00:00) Sabavath, G.K.; Swaroop, R.; Singh, J.; Panda, A.B.; Haldar, S.; Rao, N.; Mahapatra, S.K.
Abstract: The plasma parameters like electron temperature (Te) and electron density (ne) on the deposition rate in turn thickness of titanium thin film at different axial and radial positions were studied quantitatively in a DC magnetron sputtering unit. The electron flux (EF) and the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) methods were used to calculate Te and ne using the data collected from multi Langmuir probe setup. The electron density distribution was obtained through the particle-in-cell�Monte Carlo collisions (PI-C?MCC) simulation method and from IV graph using a Langmuir probe. It was observed that both Te and ne decreased with the increase in axial and radial distances from the cathode centre. The deposition rate of titanium thin films was found to follow the same pattern as Te and ne. The influence of the magnetic field configuration and change of the plasma parameters on the deposition rate were analyzed in the light of simulated and experimental results obtained. � 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
Variants in KCNQ1 increase type II diabetes susceptibility in South Asians: A study of 3,310 subjects from India and the US
(2011) Been, L.F.; Ralhan, S.; Wander, G.S.; Mehra, N.K.; Singh, J.; Mulvihill, J.J.; Aston, C.E.; Sanghera, D.K.
Background: Polymorphisms in intron 15 of potassium voltage-gated channel, KQT-like subfamily member 1 (KCNQ1) gene have been associated with type II diabetes (T2D) in Japanese genome-wide association studies (GWAS). More recently a meta-analysis of European GWAS has detected a new independent signal associated with T2D in intron 11 of the KCNQ1 gene. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the role of these variants with T2D in populations of Asian Indian descent from India and the US.Methods: We examined the association between four variants in the KCNQ1 gene with T2D and related quantitative traits in a total of 3,310 Asian Indian participants from two different cohorts comprising 2,431 individuals of the Punjabi case-control cohort from the Sikh Diabetes Study and 879 migrant Asian Indians living in the US.Results: Our data confirmed the association of a new signal at the KCNQ1 locus (rs231362) with T2D showing an allelic odds ratio (OR) of 1.24 95%CI [1.08-1.43], p = 0.002 in the Punjabi cohort. A moderate association with T2D was also seen for rs2237895 in the Punjabi (OR 1.14; p = 0.036) and combined cohorts (meta-analysis OR 1.14; p = 0.018). Three-site haplotype analysis of rs231362, rs2237892, rs2237895 exhibited considerably stronger evidence of association of the GCC haplotype with T2D showing OR of 1.24 95%CI [1.00-1.53], p = 0.001, permutation p = 8 ? 10-4in combined cohorts. The 'C' risk allele carriers of rs2237895 had significantly reduced measures of HOMA-B in the US cohort (p = 0.008) as well as in combined cohort in meta-analysis (p = 0.009).Conclusions: Our investigation has confirmed that the variation within the KCNQ1 locus confers a significant risk to T2D among Asian Indians. Haplotype analysis further suggested that the T2D risk associated with KCNQ1 SNPs may be derived from 'G' allele of rs231362 and 'C' allele of rs2237895 and this appears to be mediated through ? cell function. ? 2011 Been et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.