Browsing by Author "Singh, Jawahar"

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    Assessment of Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Among Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Comparative Study
    (SAGE Publications Inc., 2023-08-29T00:00:00) Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Jawahar; Peer, Sameer; Jindal, Manav; Khokhar, Sunil; Ludhiadch, Abhilash; Munshi, Anjana
    Background: Resting-state functional connectivity analysis has a potential to unearth the putative neuronal underpinnings of various disorders of the brain. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is regarded as a disorder arising from alterations in functional networks of the brain. Purpose: There is paucity of literature on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) in MDD, especially from the Indian subcontinent. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the differences in Rs-fMRI connectivity between MDD patients and age and gender matched healthy controls (HC). Methods: In this prospective single institute-based study, the patients were recruited consecutively based on Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D). Age and gender matched HC were also recruited. Rs-fMRI and anatomical MRI images were acquired for all the subjects (MDD and HC group) and subsequent analysis was done using the CONN toolbox. Results: A total of 49 subjects were included in the final analysis (MDD = 28 patients, HC = 21). HAM-D score was noted to be 24.4 � 4.8 in the MDD group. There was no significant difference between MDD and HC groups as far as age, gender, employment status, and level of education is concerned. Region-of-interest-based analysis of Rs-fMRI data showed a significantly lower connectivity between the left insula and left nucleus accumbens and between left paracingulate gyrus and bilateral posterior middle temporal gyri in MDD group as compared to HC group. Conclusion: There is reduced connectivity between certain key regions of the brain in MDD patients, that is, between the left insular cortex and the left nucleus accumbens and between the left paracingulate gyrus and the bilateral posterior middle temporal gyrus. These findings could explain the basis of clinical features of MDD such as anhedonia, rumination of thoughts, reduced visuo-spatial comprehension, reduced language function, and response to external stimuli. � 2023 Indian Academy of Neurosciences (IAN).
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    Neuroimaging Genomics a Predictor of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
    (Springer, 2023-11-22T00:00:00) Jindal, Manav; Chhetri, Aakash; Ludhiadch, Abhilash; Singh, Paramdeep; Peer, Sameer; Singh, Jawahar; Brar, Rahatdeep Singh; Munshi, Anjana
    Depression is a complex psychiatric disorder influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. Strong evidence has established the contribution of genetic factors in depression through twin studies and the heritability rate for depression has been reported to be 37%. Genetic studies have identified genetic variations associated with an increased risk of developing depression. Imaging genetics is an integrated approach where imaging measures are combined with genetic information to explore how specific genetic variants contribute to brain abnormalities. Neuroimaging studies allow us to examine both structural and functional abnormalities in individuals with depression. This review has been designed to study the correlation of the significant genetic variants with different regions of neural activity, connectivity, and structural alteration in the brain as detected by imaging techniques to understand the scope of biomarkers in depression. This might help in developing novel therapeutic interventions targeting specific genetic pathways or brain circuits and the underlying pathophysiology of depression based on this integrated approach can be established at length. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.