Browsing by Author "Singh, Kuldeep"

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    An Analysis of Contract Farming In Carrot In Punjab
    (Central University of Punjab, 2018) Singh, Kuldeep; Patil, Chidanand
    Contract farming is a contractual agreement between firm and farmers in written/oral form describing specific condition for production, procurement of agriculture commodity such as predetermined quantity, quality, price, transportation, etc. After accepting pre- specified condition farmers enter in to contractual agreement. In the study contracting firm, contract farmer as well as proprietor farmers were studied those were involved directly or indirectly in carrot cultivation. Institutional arrangements of Pagro Frozen Food Ltd. for contract farmers were also studied. Further comparative cost return analysis was performed by collecting primary data with the help of structured questionnaire. The study was concluded while suggesting policy measures to improve contract faming in carrot cultivation that will mutually benefited for both contacting firm as well as for farmers.
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    Bacteriophages Concept and Applications: A Review on Phage Therapy
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2022-11-07T00:00:00) Sahu, Rasti; Singh, Ankit Kumar; Kumar, Adarsh; Singh, Kuldeep; Kumar, Pradeep
    The nature of phages was a matter of dispute, which was resolved in 1940, and it was continued to develop their activity and application in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Bacterio-phages were first employed in 1919 to treat bacterial illnesses caused by Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas. Bacteriophages range in complexity from simple spherical viruses with genome sizes of less than 5 kbp to complicated viruses with genome sizes surpassing 280 kbp. They have two significant parts, head and tail, and are made up of numerous copies of more than 40 distinct proteins. Bacteriophages have been demonstrated to bind with receptors in the walls of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, ranging from peptide sequences to polysaccharide moieties. Depending on the type of phage and the physiological state of the bacterium, the life cycle may diverge into the lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle. Lytic-lysogenic switch depends on a variety of inducing factors. Bacteriophage therapy can be administered via several routes, but parenteral routes are the most effec-tive. Auto-dosing, single-dose potential, lack of cross-resistance with antibiotics, etc., are several advantages of phage therapy over antibiotic treatment. Bacteriophages are attracting much attention because of their potential advantages and wide applications as antibacterial agents, diagnostic technolo-gies, phage-based products, and biocontrol agents. They also have several applications in the food industry, agriculture/crop, farm animal and bee protection, environmental, and biosensor development. � 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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    Recent Advancement of Polymersomes as Drug Delivery Carrier
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2022-04-14T00:00:00) Singh, Kuldeep; Biharee, Avadh; Vyas, Amber; Thareja, Suresh; Jain, Akhlesh Kumar
    Background: Biomedical applications of polymersomes have been explored, including drug and gene delivery, insulin delivery, hemoglobin delivery, the delivery of anticancer agents, and various diagnostic purposes. Objectives: Polymersomes, which are self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymers, have received a lot of at-tention in drug delivery approaches. This review represents the methods of preparation of polymersomes, including thin-film rehydration, electroformation, double emulsion, gel-assisted rehydration, PAPYRUS method, and solvent injection methods, including various therapeutic applications of polymersomes. Methods: Data was searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct through searching of the following keywords: Polymersomes, methods of preparation, amphiphilic block copolymers, anticancer drug delivery Results: Polymersomes provide both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug delivery to a targeted site, increasing the formulation's stability and reducing the cytotoxic side effects of drugs. Conclusion: Polymersomes have the potential to be used in a variety of biological applications, including drug and gene delivery, insulin delivery, hemoglobin delivery, delivery of anticancer agents, as well as in various diagnostic purposes. Recently, polymersomes have been used more frequently because of their stability, reducing the encapsulated drug's leakage, site-specific drug delivery, and increasing the bioavailability of the drugs and different diagnostic purposes. The liposomes encapsulate only hydrophilic drugs, but polymersomes encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in their cores. � 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.