Browsing by Author "Singh, Narinder"

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Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation in Elementary Schools of Punjab: An Evaluative Study
(Central University of Punjab, 2019) Singh, Narinder; Pany, Sesadeba
The purpose of the research was to study the awareness, practice and problems related to CCE with respect to the rural and urban upper primary school teachers and administrators. It also aimed to investigate the practice and problems related to CCE as faced by the rural and urban upper primary school students. In addition to it, the training needs of the teachers were also explored and attempt was made to obtain information about the status of upper primary schools of Punjab in order to evaluate the status of CCE. Considering the quantitative results on awareness component, it was revealed that there are more number of rural teachers (83%) and administrators (74%) who are aware about CCE in comparison to their urban counterparts. These results are also supported by the qualitative results of the study. In the context of practice of CCE in upper primary schools of Punjab, it was found that majority of the upper primary school teachers (74%) and administrators (85%) are practicing CCE in an effective manner by regularly assessing the co-scholastic aspects and maintaining records of the students etc. Both the rural school teachers (83%) and administrators (88%) are practicing CCE in a better way in comparison to their urban counterparts which are further supported by the qualitative results. Majority of the rural (68%) and urban (66%) upper primary school students have reported that CCE is implemented effectively in their schools in terms of regularity in evaluation, framing variety of questions for evaluation, organization of co-curricular activities etc. More number of rural students (68%) have reported the better practice of CCE in their schools as compared to their urban counterparts (66%).The findings also revealed that the upper primary school teachers face problems related to CCE like hindrance in academic work of students due to a lot of co-scholastic activities, difficulty in recording the behavior of students on daily basis etc. It was also found that there are more number of urban school teachers (85%) who are facing problems as compared to the rural ones (79%) while implementing CCE in their schools. The administrators are facing problems like teachers’ complaints of increasing workload, incompetency of teachers in handling a lot of work under CCE, lack of parents’ support etc. There was minor difference in the quantitative and qualitative results. Through qualitative data, it was revealed that the urban and rural administrators face problems related to CCE to an equal extent. The upper primary school students also face problems related to CCE like overburden and boredom due to frequent testing, excessive assignments and project work, inadequate facilities for co-scholastic activities etc. Considering the locale wise comparison of the problems related to CCE faced by upper primary school students, it has been revealed that more number of urban school students (56%) face problems related to CCE in comparison to their rural counterparts (54%). The urban and rural upper primary school teachers of Punjab require training for understanding different techniques of evaluating co-scholastic aspects under CCE and for conducting and evaluating co-scholastic activities. From the responses of teachers to the questionnaire, it was revealed that urban school teachers feel the need of training for giving feedback to parents and rural school teachers need training for organizing subject specific activities and framing variety of questions for evaluation purpose. It was also found that there are more rural school teachers (45%) who need training on different aspects of CCE in comparison to the urban school teachers (35%). Further it was reported that there are some loopholes like inadequate material resources, less organization of activities like NSS/NCC, swimming etc., use of only tests and observation technique for evaluating the students and less organization of parent-teacher meetings. As a whole it can be said that urban schools are in more advantageous position in comparison to its rural counterparts in terms of material resources, evaluation, record maintenance and activities organized in the school.
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation: A Paradigm Shift in Evaluation
(Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 2016) Singh, Narinder; Pany, Sesadeba
Evaluation is an integral part of the teaching-learning process and has undergone substantial changes over the years.. The teaching –learning process seems to be directionless without a relatively stable and vibrant system of evaluation. The purpose of evaluation should not be only to grade the students as per their level of attainment rather it is expected to focus on the reasons of failure and as a whole a comprehensive idea about the performance of the child in multiple areas. As such evaluation need be continuous and comprehensive covering both the scholastic as well as the non-scholastic aspects of students’ achievement. The present article comprehensively discusses about the different aspects of continuous and comprehensive evaluation(CCE) and its advantages over the traditional mode of evaluation.
Structural Diversity of D-Alanine: D-Alanine Ligase and Its Exploration in Development of Antibacterial Agents Against the Multi-Variant Bacterial Infections
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022-04-07T00:00:00) Mayank; Sidhu, Jagpreet Singh; Joshi, Gaurav; Sindhu, Jayant; Kaur, Navneet; Singh, Narinder
D-alanine: D-alanine ligase (Rv2981c or Ddl) (EC 6.3.2.4) is a bacterial protein that performs critical functions for the proper growth and development of bacterial cells. Understanding the activity profile of Ddl within the various strains of the bacteria seems vital in broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug discovery. Therefore, to understand this heterologous nature, we focused on understanding the functional impact of the structural differences in the Ddl protein from Legionella pneumophila and E. coli bacteria. The structural features and dynamic behavior of Ddl, the interaction pattern, and the docking score of the Ddl-ATP/ADP are also found significantly different from each other. In-depth analysis viz molecular dynamics simulation and residue interaction network (RIN) studies provided us the detailed insight into the differences in the Ddl proteins from both the bacteria. In conclusion, understanding the inter-specific differences in the antibiotic targets Ddl in the case of diverse bacterial strains is vital for rationalizing the treatment of these infectious diseases. Therefore, the current work attempts to foresee the development of more efficacious antibacterial agents devoid of emerging resistance to bacterium strains. � 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Trends in small organic fluorescent scaffolds for detection of oxidoreductase
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021-06-15T00:00:00) Sidhu, Jagpreet Singh; Kaur, Navneet; Singh, Narinder
Oxidoreductases are diverse class of enzymes engaged in modulating the redox homeostasis and cellular signaling cascades. Abnormal expression of oxidoreductases including thioredoxin reductase, azoreductase, cytochrome oxidoreductase, tyrosinase and monoamine oxidase leads to the initiation of numerous disorders. Thus, enzymes are the promising biomarkers of the diseased cells and their accurate detection has utmost significance for clinical diagnosis. The detection method must be extremely selective, sensitive easy to use, long self-life, mass manufacturable and disposable. Fluorescence assay approach has been developed potential substitute to conventional techniques used in enzyme's quantification. The fluorescent probes possess excellent stability, high spatiotemporal ratio and reproducibility represent applications in real sample analysis. Therefore, the enzymatic transformations have been monitored by small activatable organic fluorescent probes. These probes are generally integrated with enzyme's substrate/inhibitors to improve their binding affinity toward the enzyme's catalytic site. As the recognition unit bio catalyzed, the signaling unit produces the readout signals and provides novel insights to understand the biochemical reactions for diagnosis and development of point of care devices. Several structural modifications are required in fluorogenic scaffolds to tune the selectivity for a particular enzyme. Hence, the fluorescent probes with their structural features and enzymatic reaction mechanism of oxidoreductase are the key points discussed in this review. The basic strategies to detect each enzyme are discussed. The selectivity, sensitivity and real-time applications are critically compared. The kinetic parameters and futuristic opportunities are present, which would be enormous benefits for chemists and biologists to understand the facts to design and develop unique fluorophore molecules for clinical applications. � 2021 Elsevier B.V.