Browsing by Author "Singh B."

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British Indian army: Role of Punjab in the World War I
(Global Institute for Sikh Studies, 2018) Singh B.; Singh B.
The British Indian Army evolved out of the three presidencies of Bengal, Madras and Bombay, which had come under the control of the East India Company in the second-half of the eighteenth century. With the outbreak of the Sepoy mutiny 1857, both the administration and the Indian army were radically restructured. The Punjab's strategic location, the onset of the Great Game, and what was believed to be the martial character of local people played an important role in placing this region in the center of British planning. This paper examines the role of Punjab in providing soldiers as well as generous politico-economic support to the British Empire during the World War I. - 2018 Journal of Sikh and Punjab Studies.All Rights Reserved.
Natural Radioactivity in Soil, Associated Radiation Exposure and Cancer Risk to Population of Eastern Haryana, India
(Geological Society of India, 2019) Daulta R.; Garg V.K.; Singh B.
This study was undertaken to quantify the natural radioactivity in soil and associated radiation exposure to the inhabitants residing in Sonipat district, Haryana, India. A total of 120 soil samples were collected from 30 villages. These soil samples were quantified for naturally occurring radioactive materials activity using HPGe detector. Activity concentration of 40K, 232Th and 226Ra in the soil samples of study area ranged from 463.8�696.9 Bq kg?1, 31.4�37.9 Bq kg?1and 41.5�54.9 Bq kg?1, respectively. Radium equivalent (Raeq) values of all samples are lesser than maximum permissible limit (370 Bq kg�1) acceptable for safer use of soil as building material. Average value of Air absorbed dose (AAD) in the study area was comparable to the Indian average of 64 nGy h?1. Annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) in the study area was 0.0831 �Sv y?1 that is lower than the global average of 70.0 �Sv y?1. Annual Gonadal equivalent dose in study area was within the safe limit (1 �Sv y?1). Excess life time cancer risk due to natural radioactivity of soil to population of area is negligibly small. Values of Gamma index (I�), outside hazard index (Hex) and inside hazard index (Hin) are less than unity, indicating that there is no considerable health risk caused by natural radioactivity in soil in the study area. � 2019, GEOL. SOC. INDIA.
Xi Jinping's vision of South Asia: An appraisal of problems and potentials for India
(Taylor and Francis, 2018) Singh B.; Thoker P.A.
Under the leadership of Xi Jinping, a paradigmatic shift has been witnessed in China's foreign policy goals from geopolitical interests to economic ones towards the international community in general and South Asia in particular. Concerning the South Asian region, China has expressed its willingness to adopt a trilateral approach, that is China, India, and other notable South Asian countries. In this complex geopolitical trilateralism, China will pose serious geopolitical and geoeconomic problems despite expanding economic engagements. India, being a close neighbour of China, figures prominently in China's South Asian policy objectives. However, China's strategic support to India's long-standing rival Pakistan and involvement in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) are being considered as major challenges for India. Apart from this, it is comprehensively engaged with the other neighbouring countries. On the other hand, its economic engagement with the region will open significant opportunities, not only for India but also for the entire South Asian region. In this backdrop, the primary focus of this chapter is to analyse China's new approach under the leadership of Xi Jinping vis--vis South Asia and India's overall position considering possible challenges and potential areas of cooperation. - 2018 selection and editorial matter, Geeta Kochhar; individual chapters, the contributors.