Browsing by Author "Singh S."

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

Caulerpa taxifolia inhibits cell proliferation and induces oxidative stress in breast cancer cells
(De Gruyter, 2019) Mehra R.; Bhushan S.; Yadav U.P.; Bast F.; Singh S.
Caulerpa taxifolia (M. Vahl) C. Agardh or killer alga is known to possess several bioactive secondary metabolites with unique structural modifications. We investigated anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative activity of C. taxifolia extract (CTE) on breast and lung cancer cells, along with possible effects on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell cycle progression. The results revealed up to 6-folds increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), 2-folds increase in glutathione reductase (GR) activity, 1.7-fold increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and 1.8-fold change in catalase activity w.r.t. untreated cells i.e. 10.72 to 21.44 nmol/min/mL, 2.0 to 3.49 U/mL and 37.51 to 69.26 U/min/g FW, respectively, in MDA-MB-cells. Likewise, selective anti-proliferative activity with IC50 0.19 + 0.1, 0.27 + 0.1, and 0.43 + 0.1 μg/μL, was recorded in MDA-MB-231, T-47D, and H1299 cells. In addition, dose-dependent increase in MMP of up to 40% and G1/S phase mitotic arrest was documented by CTE treatment in MDA-MB-231 cells. The results suggest an anti-proliferative and oxidative stress inducing activity of CTE. Changes in MMP and cell cycle arrest further support the anti-cancer effects of CTE. It is believed that C. taxifolia may be considered as a potent source of anti-cancer drugs, subject to further validations.
E-pharmacophore guided discovery of pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines as dual inhibitors of topoisomerase-I and histone deacetylase
(Academic Press Inc., 2020) Joshi G.; Kalra S.; Yadav U.P.; Sharma P.; Singh P.K.; Amrutkar S.; Ansari A.J.; Kumar S.; Sharon A.; Sharma S.; Sawant D.M.; Banerjee U.C.; Singh S.; Kumar R.
In the quest to ameliorate the camptothecin (CPT) downsides, we expedite to search for stable non-CPT analogues among 11 motifs of pyrazoloquinazolines reported. E-pharmacophore drug design approach helped filtering out pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines as Topoisomerase I (TopoI) 'interfacial' inhibitors. Three compounds, 3c, 3e, and 3l were shown to be potent non-intercalating inhibitors of TopoI specifically and showed cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity in lung, breast and colon cancer cell lines. The compounds induced cell cycle arrest at S-phase, mitochondrial cell death pathway and modulated oxidative stress in cancer cells. Furthermore, a preliminary study was conducted to explore the feasibility of these compounds to be developed as dual TopoI-HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1) inhibitors (4a) to combat resistance. Compound 4a was found to possess dual inhibitory capabilities in-vitro. Cytotoxic potential of 4a was found to be significantly higher than parent compound in 2D as well as 3D cancer cell models. Probable binding modes of 4a with TopoI and HDAC1 active sites were examined by molecular modelling.
Editorial: Novel biomarkers for type 2 diabetes
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019) Ahluwalia T.S.; Kilpel�inen T.O.; Singh S.; Rossing P.
[No abstract available]
Enhanced routing protocol for VANET
(Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication, 2019) Kaur R.; Kaur N.; Singh S.
A class of networks called VANET(vehicular adhoc network),the extension of MANETs(mobile adhoc network) are based on the principle of the formation of wireless network for exchange of data and the creation of network is spontaneous in nature. The mobility constraints, behavior of driver, high speed, limited coverage of wifi, hard delay constraints leads to unique characteristics in VANETS. So the MANET routing protocols are not suitable for VANET. Optimization of routing protocols becomes necessary to make it suitable for VANET. In this paper, various optimized routing protocols are analyzed and their optimization techniques are discussed. Parameters such as end to end delay and energy spent are taken into consideration in order to show the improvement from the routing protocols that are standard protocols. Then a method has been proposed to optimize the fine tuned OLSR (optimized link state routing)protocol with the use of advanced genetic algorithm to further improve the results and to make the protocol more efficient.
Evaluation of leaves of Goniothalamus wynaadensis Bedd. for inhibition of metabolic viability of cancer cells & antimicrobial efficacy
(Elsevier GmbH, 2019) Sharma A.; Sharma P.; Singh S.; Karegoudar T.B.; Holla H.
Introduction: Goniothalamus wynaadensis Bedd. is a less explored medicinal plant belonging to the family Annonaceae. This species has been traditionally used by tribes of Wayanad, Kerala, in India, and also Indonesian tribes for joint-related ailments and also as a deodorizer. The aim of the study was to analyze leaf extracts of the plant for their antimicrobial and anticancer properties along with phytochemical screening. Methods: MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxic potential of plant extracts against MDA-MB-231 and A-549. Antimicrobial potential of plant extracts was analyzed via liquid broth turbidometry assay and well in agar plate methods. Identification tests were carried out for phytochemical screening. Results: Antimicrobial assay showed EC50 values for ethyl acetate extract 0.82 mg/mL against Escherichia coli, 0.82 mg/mL against Salmonella typhi, & 0.88 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus which are quite significant. Other solvent extracts also displayed antimicrobial activities at varying dosage. MTT assay was performed at the dose concentrations of 1 ?g/mL, 5 ?g/mL & 25 ?g/mL, 50 ?g/mL and 100 ?g/mL to confirm the cytotoxicity of the extracts. The ethyl acetate extract displayed EC50 values of 4.96 ?g/mL against A-549 lung cancer cell line and 2.50 ?g/mL against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Other extracts were also found to be cytotoxic. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate & water extracts have demonstrated potent activity against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, & Staphylococcus aureus bacteria as well as, showing cytotoxicity against tested cancer cell lines. These results can be explored to identify individual phyto-molecules from the extracts with anticancer & antimicrobial potential.
Evaluation of the antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer (lung cancer cell line A549) activity of: Punica granatum mediated silver nanoparticles
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018) Annu; Ahmed S.; Kaur G.; Sharma P.; Singh S.; Ikram S.
This work aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles via an environmentally benign route, using the aqueous extract of Punica granatum as a precursor as well as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The as-synthesized silver nanoparticles were confirmed using UV-visible spectroscopy with an absorbance peak at 450 nm and were thereafter further confirmed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). TEM analysis revealed 6-45 nm and spherically dispersed nanoparticles and XRD showed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. The free radical scavenging activity of the nanoparticles for DPPH and intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) production were observed using dihydroethidium (DHE) non-fluorescent stain and a CellROX® Deep Red fluorescent probe. Antibacterial assays against the most common Gram negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria showed a higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus. Furthermore, the anti-cancerous activity of the biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles was revealed by the inhibited cell growth of lung cancer A549 cells and no cytotoxicity was observed. This may be due to their ability to arrest the cell cycle at G1 phase. Thus, this work provides a gateway to explore more about the anticancer properties of biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles and these biologically prepared silver nanoparticles have the potential to be utilized in biomedical science.
Fake news detection of Indian and United States election data using machine learning algorithm
(Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication, 2019) Kumar A.; Singh S.; Kaur G.
The world of digital media is thriving by the day and hence, there is an urge of businesses to magnify it more gaining them maximum financial benefits. This particular urge calls for more and more expansions concerning creating and developing new content whether it's in the form of websites that aims at branding businesses or could be in the form of online newspapers and magazines. Since from last few decades’ medium of communication had changed. Now a day people are using social networks very extensively for news updates. These networks aim to make social lives better. Today, everyone knows and uses social media which contains unverified article, post, message and news. Nowadays' fake news is making various issues from mocking articles to a created news and plan government publicity in certain outlets. Fake news and the absence of trust in the media are developing issues with immense consequences in our general public. It is needed to look into how the techniques in the fields of computer science using machine learning, natural language processing helps us to detect fake news. Fake news is now observed as one of the major threats to freedom of expression, journalism, and democracy of a country. In this research, a comprehensive way of detecting fake news using machine learning model has been presented that is trained by Fake News data based on US election and trained on recent Indian political Fake news.
Health risk assessment of occupationally pesticide-exposed population of cancer prone area of punjab
(Oxford University Press, 2018) Kaur G.; Dogra N.; Singh S.
The alarming health issues especially the unusually high number of cancer cases in agriculture community of Bathinda district of Punjab (India) is a serious concern. There is limited knowledge about the role of gene-environment interactions in oncogenesis prevalent in this area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of oxidative stress with CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, and PON1 genetic variation in the pesticide-exposed (occupationally) population of Bathinda district of Punjab (India). This study demonstrated significantly elevated relative risk (RR) of lower antioxidant defense mechanism (Glutathione, Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione peroxidases, and Glutathione Reductase) in occupationally pesticide-exposed group (n = 120) as compared with unexposed group (n = 84) from Bathinda district of Punjab (India). Our data shows pesticide exposure to be a major risk factor leading to increased oxidative stress inside the body. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed the residues of organophosphates (chlorpyriphos, dichlorvos, ethoprophos) and herbicides (atrazine, butachlor, alachlor, metolachlor) in the blood samples of the exposed population. In vitro results showed a dose dependent decrease in cell viability following treatment of pesticides detected in blood samples in hPBMCs and A549 cell line. Genetic variation analysis revealed missense mutations in CYP2B6 (2 mutations), CY3A4 (1 mutation), and CYP2C9 (2 mutations). The observed mutations have been predicted to cause structural and conformation change in protein structure which could result in altered stability. In first of its kind of study, our data reveal oxidative stress and pesticide residue accumulation inside the body to be the major reasons for health concerns in Bathinda district.
Investigating the role of code smells in preventive maintenance
(University of Tehran, 2019) Reshi J.A.; Singh S.
The quest for improving the software quality has given rise to various studies which focus on the enhancement of the quality of software through various processes. Code smells, which are indicators of the software quality have not been put to an extensive study for as to determine their role in the prediction of defects in the software. This study aims to investigate the role of code smells in prediction of non-faulty classes. We examine the Eclipse software with four versions (3.2, 3.3, 3.6, and 3.7) for metrics and smells. Further, different code smells, derived subjectively through iPlasma, are taken into conjugation and three efficient, but subjective models are developed to detect code smells on each of Random Forest, J48 and SVM machine learning algorithms. This model is then used to detect the absence of defects in the four Eclipse versions. The effect of balanced and unbalanced datasets is also examined for these four versions. The results suggest that the code smells can be a valuable feature in discriminating absence of defects in a software.
P53-mediated anticancer activity of Citrullus colocynthis extracts
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2019) Joshi G.; Kaur J.; Sharma P.; Kaur G.; Bhandari Y.; Kumar R.; Singh S.
Background: Current anticancer therapeutics comes with significant side effects and thus focus is shifting towards minimizing the side effects or to avoid the disease altogether. Thus, various natural products are being investigated for their potential therapeutic values which can be easily included in daily diet of a person. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) fruit is commonly used in traditional medicines and is known to have antioxidant effects, thus may possess potent anticancer activity as well. Objectives: To establish the anticancer potential of fruit belonging to Citrullus colocynthis (L.) and delineate the potential targets. Results: In the present study it was found that seed and pulp extracts of the fruit are effective against various cancer cell lines while the normal cells, with lower rate of division, remain largely unaffected. The current study for the first time shows that these extracts function via regulation of p53 pathways and the mode of apoptosis is mostly via mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway. The biological profiling of the extracts was also validated using molecular modelling studies utilizing the two major polyphenols constituents from colocynths i.e., Isoorientin and Isovitexin. Conclusion: The study suggested that the constituent has a multiple target approach for the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and inhibition of ROS production via the major apoptotic proteins. All of these outcomes suggest and establish a critical role of ROS accumulation and mitochondrial function in the p53-dependent cell.
Small regulatory molecules acting big in cancer: Potential role of mito-miRs in cancer
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2019) Sharma P.; Bharat; Dogra N.; Singh S.
MicroRNAs [miRNAs] are short, non-coding, single stranded RNA molecules regulating gene expression of their targets at the posttranscriptional level by either degrading mRNA or by inhibiting translation. Previously, miRNAs have been reported to be present inside the mitochondria and these miRNAs have been termed as mito-miRs. Origin of these mito-miRs may either be from mitochondrial genome or import from nucleus. The second class of mito-miRs makes it important to unravel the involvement of miRNAs in crosstalk between nucleus and mitochondria. Since miRNAs are involved in various physiological processes, their deregulation is often associated with disease progression, including cancer. The current review focuses on the involvement of miRNAs in different mitochondrial mediated processes. It also highlights the importance of exploring the interaction of miRNAs with mitochondrial genome, which may lead to the development of small regulatory RNA based therapeutic options.