Browsing by Author "Singh S.K."

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    Crosstalk between platelet and bacteria: A therapeutic prospect
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2019) Yadav V.K.; Singh P.K.; Agarwal V.; Singh S.K.
    Platelets are typically recognized for their roles in the maintenance of hemostasis and vascular wall repair to reduce blood loss. Beyond hemostasis, platelets also play a critical role in pathophysiological conditions like atherosclerosis, stroke, thrombosis, and infections. During infection, platelets interact directly and indirectly with bacteria through a wide range of cellular and molecular mechanisms. Platelet surface receptors such as GPIb?, Fc?RIIA, GPIIbIIIa, and TLRs, etc. facilitate direct interaction with bacterial cells. Besides, the indirect interaction between platelet and bacteria involves host plasma proteins such as von Willebrand Factor (vWF), fibronectin, IgG, and fibrinogen. Bacterial cells induce platelet activation, aggregation, and thrombus formation in the microvasculature. The activated platelets induce the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) formation, which further contribute to thrombosis. Thus, platelets are extensively anticipated as vital immune modulator cells during infection, which may further lead to cardiovascular complications. In this review, we cover the interaction mechanisms between platelets and bacteria that may lead to the development of thrombotic disorders. Platelet receptors and other host molecules involved in such interactions can be used to develop new therapeutic strategies to combat against infection-induced cardiovascular complications. In addition, we highlight other receptor and enzyme targets that may further reduce infection-induced platelet activation and various pathological conditions.
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    H 2 O 2 sensing through electrochemically deposited thionine coated ITO thin film
    (Cellular and Molecular Biology Association, 2017) Singh P.; Srivastava S.; Singh S.K.
    Progression and initiation of different diseases including pulmonary diseases, alzheimer's and tumors are linked with the oxidative stress, an important cause of cell damage. Different antioxidant enzymes are involved in detoxifying reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) that is generated in response to various stimuli and has important role in cell activation & bio-signaling processes. Herein, we developed hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensor based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) entrapped polymerized thionine (PTH) film. Electrochemical deposition of thionine (dye) on indium tin oxide (ITO) surface was carried out through chornoamperometry followed by cyclic voltammetry. Deposited thionine thin film obtained was checked for its stability at different scan rates. The PTH-modified electrodes showed linear dependence of peak current with scan rate within the range of 20 to 100 mV s -1 . Thionine used as electron transfer mediator between heme site of HRP and electrode. Cyclic voltammetry showed increase in the reduction peak current due to electrocatalytic reduction of H 2 O 2 . The sensor detection limit range from 10 -1 -10 2 ?M and limit of detection was 0.1?M. The proposed sensor has good storage response, cost effective, high sensitivity and wide linear range that could be used for the fabrication of other enzyme based biosensors.
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    Nanosilica: Recent Progress in Synthesis, Functionalization, Biocompatibility, and Biomedical Applications
    (American Chemical Society, 2019) Singh P.; Srivastava S.; Singh S.K.
    Silica nanoparticles (Si-NPs) are widely explored in biomedical applications due to their high surface area, excellent biocompatibility, and tunable pore size. The silica surface can be readily functionalized for wide range of applications such as cellular imaging, biosensing, and targeted drug delivery. This comprehensive review discusses different synthesis methodologies of Si-NPs and their surface functionalization with various functional groups. Nanosilica functionalization methods are discussed in detail, emphasizing their suitability for targeted drug delivery, cancer therapy, bioimaging, and biosensing. The toxicity assessment of nanosilica is also critically reviewed to get a clear focus before employing them for nanomedicine.
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    Recent advancements in mechanistic studies and structure activity relationship of FoF1 ATP synthase inhibitor as antimicrobial agent
    (Elsevier Masson SAS, 2019) Narang R.; Kumar R.; Kalra S.; Nayak S.K.; Khatik G.L.; Kumar G.N.; Sudhakar K.; Singh S.K.
    The emergence of drug resistance in infectious microbial strains can be overcome by development of novel drug molecules against unexploited microbial target. The success of Bedaquiline in recent years, as FoF1 ATP synthase inhibitor against XDR and MDR mycobacterium strains, has resulted in further exploration to identify more potent and safe drug molecules against resistant strains. FoF1 ATP synthase is the main energy production enzyme in almost all eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Development of bacterial ATP synthase inhibitors is a safe approach, without causing harm to mammalian cells due to structural difference between bacterial and mammalian ATP synthase target sites. This review emphasizes on providing the structural insights for FoF1 ATP synthase of different prokaryotes and will help in the design of new potent antimicrobial agents with better efficacy. Further, applications of synthetic and natural active antimicrobial ATP synthase inhibitors, reported by different research groups are summarized. Their SAR and mode of actions are also analysed. � 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS