Browsing by Author "Singla, Naresh"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 33

An Analysis of Major Determinants of Food Inflation in India
(Indian Society for Education and Environment, 2014) Ahmed, Mumtaz; Singla, Naresh
The study has exclusively analyzed the major determinants of food inflation in India by using the monthly data from January 2006 to December 2013. Using Johansen’s cointegration technique, it was shown that in long run, all major determinants of food inflation such as money supply, interest rate, exchange rate, crude oil and rainfall except world food prices affect food inflation significantly. The Error Correction Model was also used to comprehend the short run behavior of food inflation and its determinants. The error correction term turned out to be significant statistically which further confirmed the long run causality as well as the speed of convergence towards long run equilibrium. In short-run, only world food and crude oil prices affect the food inflation.
Can Contarct Farming Double Farmer's Income?
(EPW, 2018) Kaur, P.; Singla, Naresh
Following its mandate to double farmers’ income by 2022, the central government has enacted a separate model contract farming act in 2018 based on the perception that contract farming is one of the several pathways for doubling farm income. However, findings from primary surveys in Moga, Tarn Taran and Amritsar districts in Punjab, reveal that despite bringing in new crops, technologies and markets for farmers, contract farming excludes the smallholder farmers. Unless such arrangements can protect the interests of the smallholders who constitute almost four-fifth of India’s farming population, doubling farm income will remain elusive.
Cointegration, Causality and Impulse Response Analysis in Major Apple Markets of India
(Agricultural Economics Reseach Assosiation, 2014) Beag, Fayaz Ahmad; Singla, Naresh
The study has investigated market integration across five major wholesale apple markets, viz. Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Delhi, Hyderabad and Kolkata, of the country by adopting Johansen’s multivariate cointegration approach. The study has confirmed the presence of cointegration, implying the long-run price association among the markets. To get the additional evidence as to whether and in which direction price transmission is occurring between the market pairs, Granger causality test has been used, which has confirmed Delhi to be the price-determining market. Hyderabad has been found comparatively more efficient as it has depicted most bidirectional causal relations with other markets. The market pairs: Ahmedabad — Kolkata and Bengaluru — Kolkata have not shown any causal relation between them. The impulse response functions were also conducted which have confirmed the results of cointegration and Granger causality, but the magnitude of price transmission has been found relatively low in some market pairs that are spatially integrated. The major implication of the study is for the designing of a network of agricultural wholesale markets across the country at almost equal distance from each other to enhance the market integration and better price transmission among them.
Comparative Performance of Cooperatives and Producer Companies in Member Producer�s Income Enhancement: A Case Study of the Milk Sector in Indian Punjab
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2022-06-21T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Singla, Naresh
Small producers� participation in milk collectives such as dairy cooperatives and producer companies is seen as one of the several ways to institutionalize the dairy value chains and leverage their production and marketing strengths. In this context, the study has explored procurement practices of a dairy cooperative vis-�-vis producer company that have recently ventured into direct procurement, processing and retailing of the milk in Indian Punjab and understood their economic impact on the milk producers in Indian Punjab. The findings of the study suggest that both the milk collectives offer higher prices to the producers, resulting in higher profitability than their counterpart non-member milk producers. The findings of the study suggest that the milk collectives need to take additional responsibilities in terms of advancing credit, introducing new production technologies to increase milk productivity and encouraging participation of women milk producers to make such linkages inclusive, effective and sustainable. � 2022 Association of Asia Scholars.
COVID-19, livestock supply chains and livelihoods in India: a review of�impacts and implications
(Emerald Publishing, 2023-03-27T00:00:00) Verma, Gautami; Singla, Naresh; Singh, Sukhpal
Purpose: The global outbreak of COVID-19 and its subsequent varied impacts on different economic activities necessitate to examine its disruptions and impacts on livestock sector in India due to its recently surging potential as an unrivaled alternative to boost farmer�s income. Design/methodology/approach: The studies for review were identified through search in different databases using relevant keywords. Only full text papers written in English language were reviewed. The review was organized and streamlined using Covidence software. Findings: Analysis of the literature reveals adverse effects of COVID-19 on functioning of input and output stages of livestock supply chains. This has resulted in upstream and downstream economic losses that affect livelihoods of the producers. Research limitations/implications: Scale of unprecedented crisis due to COVID-19 pandemic requires creative policy decisions to make livestock production systems robust, resilient and sustainable. Organized production systems are required to integrate with livestock-tech startups to modernize their supply chains, whereas local supply chains are required to reorient with government�s intervention in terms of developing on-farm production and postproduction processing facilities. Originality/value: Although there exist some evidence on COVID-19-related impacts on livestock sector of India, but an integrated review of evidence on COVID-19 related disruptions at all the stages (from input supply to marketing) of livestock supply chains was missing. � 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
An Economic Analysis of Kinnow Cultivation and Marketing in Fazilka District of Punjab
(Society of Economics and Development, 2016) Kaur, Manpreet; Singla, Naresh
The recent re-emergence of agrarian crises in Punjab has again drawn the attention of policy makers towards the viability of alternative crops. In this context, the study attempts production and marketing of one of the alternative and viable crops (i.e kinnow) considered for the farmers in the state. The study has been carried out in a newly carved Fazilka district of Punjab with a sample of 100 farmers selected equally from four villages in two tehsils of the district. The study points that kinnow is profitable crop as benefit-cost ratio, net present value and internal rate of return at 10 per cent rate of discount were worked out to be 2.04, `302289.78 and 40 per cent respectively. The study also reveals that the channel with least number of intermediaries was most efficient as compared with the channels with more number of middlemen. However, the farmers faced various problems such as inefficient marketing process, fluctuations in price, low price, lack of storage facility, etc. The study suggested that in order to realize the benefits of such new crops, there is need to regulated markets with better marketing facilities so that farmers are not only able to reduce their transportation costs but they will also be realize better prices for their produce. Besides, linking the fresh produce with agro-processing industries can go a long way in ensuring the returns from this crop.
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MARKET INTEGRATION OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES IN INDIA
(Central University of Punjab, 2018) Ahmed, Mumtaz; Singla, Naresh
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF MILK UNDER FORMAL AND INFORMAL MILK MARKETS IN PUNJAB
(Central University of Punjab, 2019) Kaur, Manpreet; Singla, Naresh
Dairy farming as an allied activity has been considered an alternative to revive the agrarian economy of Punjab. Further, participation of farmers in formal milk markets may increase the income level of farmers, provide them guaranteed market as well as assured price. Hence, in this context, the study was carried out to analyse the relationship between farmers and formal milk market in terms of procurement operations, role of formal milk markets in augmenting income and employment, cost and returns from milk production, factors influencing farmers’ participation in formal milk markets and problems faced by the farmers regarding production and marketing of milk. Based on mainly primary data, three formal milk markets two cooperatives viz. Milkfed and Kaira Milk Union a tier of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) and a producer company namely, Baani Milk Producer Company Limited (BMPCL) were selected for the present study. Out of total 600 sampled farmers, a sample of 100 farmers supplying milk to each formal milk market was selected through the usage of stratified sampling technique. Further, another sample of 100 farmers supplying milk to informal milk market corresponding to each company was selected. Companies under formal milk market procure milk on the basis of fat as well SNF and make payment to farmers after a fixed period of time. Besides, companies involved in formal market also provide technical input services. It was found that participation in formal milk markets v augments the income as well as employment of the farmers. Further, farmers participating in formal milk markets were having more returns from milk production as compared to farmers participating in informal milk market. Distance was found to be the main determinant of farmers’ participation in formal milk markets. Besides, age, education, herd size etc. were also found to be major determinants influencing the farmers’ participation in formal milk markets. However, farmers participating in formal milk market were also facing problems regarding production and marketing of milk such as higher cost of feeding inputs, low price, fluctuations in milk production, requirement of much labour time, distance of milk collection centres from farmers’ farm gate, incidence of diseases among milch animals etc. In order to address these problems, the study recommends some policy measures such as establishment of more than one milk collection centres in geographically large villages, access to credit facility, provision of subsidy of feeding inputs, veterinary and breeding services, advance payment facility, fixation of reasonable price of milk etc.
An Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Vegetables Under Contract Farming in Punjab
(Central University of Punjab, 2018) Pavneet; Singla, Naresh
Emerging Linkages Between Domestic Firms and Producers in Contract Farming of Vegetables in Punjab
(Indian Society for Agricultural Marketing, 2018) Kaur, P.; Singla, Naresh
Exploring state interventions in entrepreneurship development in India: Evidence from Jammu and Kashmir
(Inderscience Publishers, 2021-02-25T00:00:00) Paray, Zahoor Ahmad; Singla, Naresh
The Indian Government has been promoting entrepreneurship vehemently from last three decades, institutions were established and programs were launched. Jammu and Kashmir Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (JKEDI) as part of this series of institutions has been working comprehensively in making entrepreneurship a common phenomenon among the masses. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact of entrepreneurial initiatives by the state government with the support of JKEDI towards the creation of new enterprises in Bandipora district of Jammu and Kashmir in India. Primary data has been collected with a structured schedule from 100 new JKEDI sponsored entrepreneurs from the district. Both qualitative and quantitative information was collected and analysed with simple statistical tools and analysis of the interview. The findings show that there is a positive impact of training, financial support and consultation for the overall development of entrepreneurship in both urban and rural areas of the district in particular and state as a whole. � 2021 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Farmer’s participation in Formal Milk markets in Punjab: How inclusive and How effective
(Indian Society for Agricultural Marketing, 2018) Kaur, M.; Singla, Naresh
Financial Performance of Micro-Finance Institutions in India
(The Society of Economics and Development, 2021-10-16T00:00:00) Singla, Naresh; Ahmed, Mumtaz; Singh, Kulwinder
Micro-finance institutions (MFIs) in most of the developing countries, including India, are seen as essential tools to eradicate poverty and raise the standard of living of rural poor. Therefore, the sound functioning of MFIs has a huge long-run impact on the outreach of the rural poor. However, the performance of MFIs is often measured in terms of their social impact on the rural poor, while the financial indicators are ignored. In this context, the study analysed the major determinants of the financial performance of the 20 MFIs in India using panel regression. The results of the study revealed that financial indicators such as operating self-sufficiency, return on assets, and size (assets of the MFIs) had a positive impact on increasing the performance of MFIs. Further, the active borrowers increase efficiency, while passive borrowers had a negative impact on the performance of the MFIs. Similarly, a low level of debt to equity ratio, operating expenses to assets ratio, and low percentage of women borrowers could lead to the sound financial performance of MFIs. � 2021 The Society of Economics and Development, except certain content provided by third parties.
Flow of Institutional Credit in Indian Agriculture: Growth and Performance.
(Central University of Punjab, 2015) Kaur, Pushpinder; Singla, Naresh
Institutional credit plays an important role in agricultural development as it enables the farmers to undertake new investments and/or use of modern agricultural technologies for enhancing agricultural production. The emphasis on the institutional credit is being placed since the beginning of planned development era in India. As a result, several institutional agencies such as cooperatives, regional rural banks (RRBs), scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) etc. are involved in disbursement of short and long term institutional credit. Besides, acceptance of Rural Credit Survey Committee Report (1954), nationalization of major commercial banks (1969 and 1980), establishment of RRBs (1975), establishment of National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) (1982), the financial sector reforms (1991 onwards) etc. led to manifold increase in the flow of institutional credit in agriculture. Similarly, during post reform period, Special Agricultural Credit Plan (1994-95), initiating of Kisan Credit Cards (KCCs) (1998-99), and Doubling Agricultural Credit Plan within three years (2004) placed emphasis on increase flow of institutional credit. No doubt, these policy level changes have increased flow of institutional credit for agriculture, but many changes have also taken place among the various institutional sources in distribution of agricultural credit. It is also argued that large chunk of institutional credit has gone to those states, where green revolution took place and states have higher agricultural productivities than lower productivity states. The study is a step in this direction to examine the growth and pattern in flow of institutional credit in Indian agriculture by various agencies. The study is mainly based on various secondary data sources such as Handbook of Statistics of Indian Economy published by the Reserve Bank of India, Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, Economic Survey of India, etc. during 1980-81 to 2011-12. The structure of the sources of credit has witnessed a clear shift in favor of commercial banks. The share of investment credit in total credit has also declined, which may restrict the agricultural sector to realize its full potential. The study also points that institutional credit delivery to the agriculture sector still continues to be inadequate as about 30% of credit is financed by non-institutional agencies, which includes money lenders. SCBs are still hesitant to disburse agricultural credit to small and marginal farmers. There also exist large inter-state variations in distribution of agricultural credit per hectare and KCCs. Finally, the study concludes that efficiency in the credit delivery system in rural areas should be improved by revamping cooperative credit structure. Also, concerted efforts should also be made to increase the flow of indirect institutional credit for development of infrastructures such as irrigation, electricity, marketing, storage, extension services, etc which will go a long way in improving the productivity of the agricultural sector.
Food inflation in india: Trends and determinations
(Central University of Punjab, 2014) Ahmed, Mumtaz; Singla, Naresh
Food Inflation has been persistently high in India during the past few years. Controlling food prices is one of the major tasks for the macroeconomic policy makers. The recent oil price hike and some natural calamities have increased food prices around the world. This study focuses on the identification of main determinants of food price inflation in India. Using the monthly data from January 2006 to December 2013, Johansen's cointegration technique has been applied to find out the long run relationships among food price inflation and its determinants like money supply, interest rate, exchange rate, crude oil, world food prices and rainfall. Empirical findings prove the long run relationships among food price inflation and its determinants. In the long run model, all determinants affect food inflation except the world food prices. Error correction model has also been used in order to comprehend the short run causality of food inflation determinants. The error correction term of error correction model turns out to be significant which further confirm the long run causality as well as the speed of convergence toward long run equilibrium, which has occurred due the short disturbance. In the short run only world food prices and crude oil coefficients and statistically significant at five percent level. Finally, the study suggests some policy implications such as reduced dependency of monsoon by improving the irrigation system, investment in agricultural inputs and shift of policy towards biofuel etc.
Formal vs. informal milk marketing channels in Punjab: A comparative economic analysis of dairy cooperative member vis-a-vis non-member milk producers
(Taylor and Francis, 2023-10-18T00:00:00) Kaur, Manpreet; Singla, Naresh
Fresh Food Supermarket Retailing and Supply Chains in India: Impact on Small Primary Vegetable Producers and Traditional Fruit and Vegetable Retailers
(Oxford University Press, 2018) Singh, Sukhpal; Singla, Naresh
Fresh food supermarkets in the Indian Punjab: Organisation and impacts
(University of California Los Angeles CMRS, 2014) Singla, Naresh; Singh, Sukhpal; Dhindsa, Paramjit Kaur
Linking primary producers with global and national markets through modern corporate food retail supermarkets and other linkages is seen as one of the innovative ways to improve the livelihoods of small producers in developing countries. But, value chains driven by food supermarkets everywhere are, generally, found to exclude small farmers for various reasons. In this context, this paper examines the inclusiveness and effectiveness of fresh food supermarkets in linking farmers with end markets with the help of a case study of two major supermarkets in Punjab viz. Easy Day and Reliance Fresh based on a primary survey of growers of two major crops each. Using the evidence and inference from this study, a number of policy suggestions are proposed for better leveraging of food supermarket linkage for achieving smallholder inclusive crop diversification in Punjab. ? 2016 The Regents of the University of California. All Rights Reserved.
Global Emergence of Agri-Tourism Sector: implications for India
(New Century Publisher, 2018) Kaur, M.; Singla, Naresh
Kaur, Manpreet and Singla, Naresh (2018) Global Emergence of Agri-tourism: Implications for India. Tourism in India : Potential, Problems and Prospects. Chapter- 6. 9788177084696
Growing urbanization and economic development in india: The role of middle class
(Central University of Punjab, 2013) Jindal, Neha; Singla, Naresh
In the present study entitled "Growing Urbanization and Economic Development in India: The Role of Middle Class", examined that the growing urbanization leads to economic development by creating new rising middle class. The assessment is based mainly on secondary data which is analyzed using correlation, multiple regression analysis by testing of improvement of fit, path analysis and simple averages. The determinants of the size and growth of the middle class and role of middle class in economic development are also examined in this study. Size of middle class is associated with growing urbanization, higher school enrollment, higher share of service and industrial sector in GDP than agriculture sector and lower fertility. Using the definition of middle class given by NCAER and data on various determinants of middle class spanning the period 1990-2010, the multiple regression analysis by testing the improvement of fit, has been carried out to know the significant variables. And find that a larger middle class influenced through the growing urbanization and tertiary school enrollment. It was also found out that middle plays a positive role in economic development by regressing the size of middle class on HDI, GDP per capita and gross capital formation (parameters of ii economic development). The estimates show the positive and significant relation between them. Further through path analysis technique the significance of direct and indirect paths between various variables is analyzed. A casual model is proposed showing that the growing urbanization and tertiary school enrollment leads to rising new middle class and further the higher size of middle class leads to effect positively the HDI, GDP per capita, gross capital formation. The model coming out to be over identified and the estimates revealed that variables in the model are significant and the R2 in every path is high. Showing that each variable in the model has its own significant importance important. But the overall model is coming out to be bad fit. This is the limitation of the study and may be due to less number of observation and paths taken in the model.