Browsing by Author "Thakur, Shivani"

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    Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater and Its Removal Strategies with Special Emphasis on Nano Zerovalent Iron
    (wiley, 2022-12-02T00:00:00) Thakur, Shivani; Singh, Harminder; Chaudhari, Umakant; Mittal, Sunil; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar
    An occurrence of arsenic (As) in an aquatic ecosystem is a major concern because of its very toxic and carcinogenic nature. Groundwater arsenic pollution has been reported globally, notably along the large Indo-Gangetic flood plain and some major rivers of South Asia and South American nations. It comes in water both via natural and anthropogenic sources. Major processes that trigger the release of As in groundwater include reductive dissolution of Fe-oxyhydroxides, sulfide oxidation, and alkali desorption. Microbial metabolisms of arsenic also play a crucial role in its mobilization in aquifers. Ions such as HCO 3 ? and PO 4 3? also help in triggering arsenic mobility in water. Different methods are developed for As removal from water such as precipitation, coagulation, ion exchange, and membrane filtration, but none of the methods are as effective as nanomaterials. With the advancement in a study in nanotechnology during the past few years, an increase in usage of different nanomaterials as adsorbents for arsenic removal has also been observed. Among these, nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) has been proved quite effective for arsenic removal from the water by the adsorption technique. The nZVI has high reactivity, good efficiency, and fast action for As removal, and a low impact on the environment. Further, intensive research is going on to alter the properties of nZVI following specific applications as per the requirements. This chapter presents an overview of several geochemical processes aiding in As mobility from the aquifer sediments into groundwater, briefly describing its distribution pattern across global groundwater systems. It also aims to provide an overview of the effectiveness of different iron-based nanoparticles with particular reference to nZVI for the removal of different species of Arsenic from water. � 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2023 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Technologies: A Perception into Recent Advances in Biomass Fractionation, Biorefineries, Economic Hurdles and Market Outlook
    (MDPI, 2023-03-01T00:00:00) K.N, Yogalakshmi; T.M, Mohamed Usman; Kavitha, S.; Sachdeva, Saloni; Thakur, Shivani; Adish Kumar, S.; J, Rajesh Banu
    Lignocellulosic biomasses (LCB) are sustainable and abundantly available feedstocks for the production of biofuel and biochemicals via suitable bioconversion processing. The main aim of this review is to focus on strategies needed for the progression of viable lignocellulosic biomass-based biorefineries (integrated approaches) to generate biofuels and biochemicals. Processing biomass in a sustainable manner is a major challenge that demands the accomplishment of basic requirements relating to cost effectiveness and environmental sustainability. The challenges associated with biomass availability and the bioconversion process have been explained in detail in this review. Limitations associated with biomass structural composition can obstruct the feasibility of biofuel production, especially in mono-process approaches. In such cases, biorefinery approaches and integrated systems certainly lead to improved biofuel conversion. This review paper provides a summary of mono and integrated approaches, their limitations and advantages in LCB bioconversion to biofuel and biochemicals. � 2023 by the authors.