Department Of Environmental Science And Technology

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Browsing Department Of Environmental Science And Technology by Subject "Activated charcoal"

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    Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using cone biomass of picea smithana as adsorbent
    (Central University of Punjab, 2013) Najar, Gh Nabi; Mittal, Sunil
    Chromium has wide range of uses in various metal and chemical industries. Hence, it is discharged in environment in large quantities with effluent from these industries. Cr(VI) compounds have been recognized as toxic and may cause skin irritation to lung cancer, liver, kidney and gastric damage. Various physical and chemical processes such as ion exchange, chemical precipitation, membrane process and electrolytic extraction are used for the removal of chromium (VI) from wastewaters. However, high cost, large input of chemicals and incomplete removal of metal ions are some major disadvantages with these methods. Therefore, adsorption seems to be a better process for the removal of metal ions including Cr(VI) from contaminated wastewaters because of the expediency, ease of operation and design simplicity. In the present work the batch adsorption study has been carried out on cone biomass of Picea smithiana (CBP) as low cost adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from the aqueous solution in comparison to the most widely used adsorbent activated charcoal (AC). The cones of P. smithiana are the waste materials and are often used for burning. Effects of various parameters (adsorbent dose, contact time, pH and initial metal ion concentration) on Cr(VI) adsorption were studied by batch adsorption experiments in order to maximize the Cr(VI) removal from simulated aqueous solutions. Maximum Cr(VI) removal achieved from the aqueous solution (500 ?g Cr/mL) at pH 1, contact time 2 hours, adsorbent dose 1 g/L, and 25 + 2oC temperature using CBP and AC was 234.9 mg/g and 268.7 mg/g respectively. The present work indicates nearly 88% efficiency of CBP in comparison to the AC. This shows that CBP can be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cr (VI). The batch adsorption data of both CBP and AC was well fitted in Langmuir Isotherm model.
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    Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution: a comparative study of cone biomass of “Picea smithiana” and activated charcoal
    (Taylor & Francis, 2016) Mittal, Sunil; Vaid, Upma; Najar, Gh Nabi; Babu, J. Nagendra
    The present work investigates comparative adsorption efficiency of powdered cone biomass of Picea smithiana (PCBP) and activated charcoal (AC) for removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr) (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution. The study indicates that PCBP has 76% removal efficiency for Cr as compared to AC. Particle size and SEM-EDX analyses were done to determine average particle size, surface morphology and elemental composition of PCBP. BET and FTIR analysis were carried out to elucidate the adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI) on PCBP. Ashing has been proposed as a method for managing waste of loaded PCBP generated in adsorption. Ashing studies showed the ash content of PCBP to contribute only 13% of the ash generated from loaded biomass. Further, a comparative study has been made indicating the adsorption efficiency of PCBP with previously reported bio-waste materials. The results of this study show that PCBP has high adsorption efficiency as compared to other bio-waste materials.