Biochemistry And Microbial Sciences - Research Publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/27

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    miR-590�5p: A double-edged sword in the oncogenesis process
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022-06-12T00:00:00) Barwal, Tushar Singh; Singh, Neha; Sharma, Uttam; Bazala, Sonali; Rani, Medha; Behera, Alisha; Kumawat, Ram Kumar; Kumar, Pawan; Uttam, Vivek; Khandelwal, Akanksha; Barwal, Jyoti; Jain, Manju; Jain, Aklank
    Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of miR-590�5p in various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including cancer. Furthermore, we and others have recently demonstrated that miRNA-590�5p acts as an oncogene in some cancers while it acts as a tumor-suppressor in others. However, the role of miR-590�5p in oncogenesis is more complex, like a double-edged sword. Thus, this systematic review introduces the concept, mechanism, and biological function of miR-590�5p to resolve this apparent paradox. We have also described the involvement of miR-590�5p in crucial cancer-hallmarks processes like proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and chemo radioresistance. Finally, we have presented the possible genes/pathways targets of miR-590�5p through bioinformatics analysis. This review may help in designing better biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancers. � 2022
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    Potential clinical application of lncRNAs in pediatric cancer
    (Elsevier, 2022-01-28T00:00:00) Chhabra, Ravindresh; Neyol, Priyasha; Bazala, Sonali; Singh, Ipsa; Murmu, Masang; Sharma, Uttam; Barwal, Tushar Singh; Jain, Aklank
    Cancer is the leading cause of death by disease in children globally. The childhood cancer burden is more than 80% in the low- and middle-income countries, including India. In contrast to cancer in adults, the number of children diagnosed with cancer is far less but the children who survive cancer are more likely to face the negative consequences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in their lifetime. The common childhood cancers include leukemia, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Wilms tumor. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a pervasive subset of noncoding RNAs. The high throughput sequencing studies estimate the number of lncRNAs to be more than 100, 000 but hardly 1% of them have been functionally characterized. The lncRNAs have a tissue-specific expression and a majority of them are functionally dysregulated in numerous physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer, thereby making them attractive therapeutic targets. Recently, their role has also been described in pediatric cancers. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge about dysregulated lncRNAs, their potential as biomarker and therapeutic targets, and their underlying molecular mechanisms in pediatric cancer. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    The journey of noncoding RNA from bench to clinic
    (Elsevier, 2021-01-30T00:00:00) Chhabra, Ravindresh
    The discovery of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) in the 90s completely changed our understanding of gene regulation. The ncRNAs specialize in regulating the gene expression, which enables them to induce a remarkable change in cellular pathways. The ncRNAs are categorized as small (<200 nucleotides) and long ncRNA (>200 nucleotides). The small ncRNAs are further classified as miRNAs, piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Both miRNAs and siRNAs silence gene expression by binding to their target mRNA but follow different mechanisms. piRNAs are responsible for bringing about transposon repression, and snoRNAs are mainly involved in the modification of rRNAs. The lncRNAs have diverse functions that range from chromatin modification to acting as a precursor of miRNAs to binding to mRNAs and blocking their translation. With such important functions in their repertoire, tightly regulated tissue-specific expression and differential expression in diseased conditions, the potential of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets and biomarkers is waiting to be exploited. As per the ClinicalTrials database of NLM, the number of clinical trial studies recorded for miRNAs, siRNAs, and lncRNAs are 861, 67, and 39, respectively. The siRNA therapeutic, Patisiran, became the first ncRNA to receive FDA approval for the treatment of a rare polyneuropathy in 2018. Miravirsen, an inhibitor of miR-122 is the first miRNA therapeutic drug, which is currently in multiple phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of Hepatitis C. The lncRNA PCA3 was approved as a biomarker for prostate cancer in 2012. This chapter discusses the journey of ncRNA from bench to clinic with a few specific examples elaborating on the basic research involved in identifying them as biomarkers or therapeutic targets and bottlenecks in their clinical use. � 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.