Physics - Mphil Thesis

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    Preparation and characterization of cathode material for energy storage/conversion devices
    (Central University of Punjab, 2016) Sangeeta
    Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) have evoked an intense interest in recent times for potential applications in marines, aerospace and automotive industries owing to their larger strength to weight ratio and high-temperature resistance. We have synthesized nanocomposites of (LaMnO3)1-x/(TiO2)x and (Fe2O3)1-x/(Cr2O3)x with varying concentration of TiO2 (x = 0.0-0.4) and Cr2O3 (x = 0.0-1.0). In the first chapter, includes the introduction of the metal matrix nanocomposites and their advantages. In the second chapter we have discussed about the literature review and knowledge gap. Chapter 3 involves the experimental procedure and discussion of different characterization techniques (XRD, FTIR, FESEM and EDS) used to study the prepared sample. Chapter 4 involves result and discussions obtained by characterizing the prepared sample. XRD analysis confirms the orthorhombic structure of (LaMnO3)/(TiO2) and rhombohedral structure (Fe2O3)/(Cr2O3) nanocomposites. From FESEM we have calculated the particle size for pure (LaMnO3) is 1 m and for (LaMnO3)1-x/(TiO2)x and its value decreases from 19.99- 16.91 nm with increase the concentration of TiO2 from x = 0.1-0.4. We have also calculated the band gap and refractive index from the FTIR analysis and found that gradual increase in band gap from 2.1-2.26 eV and decrease in refractive index from 2.67-2.62 as the concentration of TiO2 increases (x = 0.0-0.4). The (Fe2O3)/(Cr2O3) iv nanocomposites showed that increase in band gap 2.1-3.0 eV with decrease in particle size from 70.71-49.24 nm and refractive index from 2.67-2.44 as the concentration and Cr2O3 increases (x = 0.0-1.0.) The FTIR confirms all the functional groups present in the synthesized samples. The main application of these as- synthesized nanocomposites is photocatalysis.
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    Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles
    (Central University of Punjab, 2016) Singh, Gurdhir; Yadav, Kamlesh
    Chickpea is self pollinated legume crop which was believed firstly originated in South-Eastern Turkey and parts of Syria. Chickpea is the second most important pulse crop in the world. In Northern India, chickpea is grown in winter season. Preconditioning the plant with mild drought stress may trigger the various signaling pathways which will prepare the plants to conquer lethal cold stress. In this study, PBG1, PBG5 and GPF2 variety are more sensitive to the chilling stress, which were preconditioned with mild drought stress and then exposed to lethal cold stress. To see the effect of preconditioning various cell responses were monitored by measuring ELI, Relative Water Content and chlorophyll content at different stages of chickpea. All genotypes generated a variable response. Overall, relative water content and chlorophyll content were significantly higher in preconditioned PBG1, GPF2 and PBG5, which are sensitive to chilling stress. The study showed increase tolerance capacity in preconditioned plant towards chilling temperature and improve tolerance against chickpea.