Computational Sciences - Research Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Prashar, VikashSubject: search.filters.subject.nNOS

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    The Comparative Genomics and Network Analysis of eNOS by Using Different Bioinformatics Approaches
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2023-01-27T00:00:00) Banerjee, Arpita; Singh, Randeep; Arora, Nymphaea; Arora, Tania; Prashar, Vikash; Godara, Priya; Sharma, Arti; Changotra, Harish; Parkash, Jyoti
    Background: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. It has three isoforms-(i) neuronal NOS (nNOS or NOS1), which participates in neural transmission; (ii) inducible NOS (iNOS or NOS2), which produces NO in macrophages; and (iii) endothelial NOS (eNOS or NOS3) that regulates blood pressure. The eNOS is mainly expressed in blood vessels and is a crucial regulator of endothelial homeostasis. Objective: The present study aimed to unravel the role of eNOS in different signaling pathways and its involvement as a therapeutic target in various neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: This study used various in silico methods for comprehensive genomic analysis of eNOS in 16 organisms from 7 different phyla. Prediction of conserved domains and evolutionary relationship for eNOS among 16 organisms was made. Various physical and chemical parameters, signal peptides, and transmembrane regions that helped understand its functional relevance were also studied. Results: Three transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), i.e., CP2, AR, and LDSPOLYA, were identified in human eNOS, while ATF1, T3R, and STAT1 were predicted in mouse eNOS. Transcription factors were identified for each regulatory region in human as well as mouse eNOS. eNOS protein was predicted to harbor 14 different post-translational modification (PTM) sites, most of which have phosphorylation (serine followed by threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation) followed by sumoylation and palmitoylation among all the organisms used in the current study. However, human eNOS has a relatively lower number of PTM sites for tyrosine phosphorylation. Conclusion: Structures of eNOS isoform, consistent with available biochemical and structural data, provide substantial insight into the NOS conformational changes, which give in-depth knowledge of the mechanism of eNOS, and will be helpful for better understanding the role of eNOS in pathophysiology. � 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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    Interplay of KNDy and nNOS neurons: A new possible mechanism of GnRH secretion in the adult brain
    (Elsevier Sp. z o.o., 2021-09-09T00:00:00) Prashar, Vikash; Arora, Tania; Singh, Randeep; Sharma, Arti; Parkash, Jyoti
    Reproduction in mammals is favoured when there is sufficient energy available to permit the survival of offspring. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressing neurons produce nitric oxide in the proximity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the preoptic region. nNOS neurons are an integral part of the neuronal network controlling ovarian cyclicity and ovulation. Nitric oxide can directly regulate the activity of the GnRH neurons and play a vital role neuroendocrine axis. Kisspeptin neurons are essential for the GnRH pulse and surge generation. The anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), kisspeptin neurons are essential for GnRH surge generation. KNDy neurons are present in the hypothalamus's arcuate nucleus (ARC), co-express NKB and dynorphin, essential for GnRH pulse generation. Kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin (KNDy) neuroendocrine molecules of the hypothalamus are key components in the central control of GnRH secretion. The hypothalamic neurons kisspeptin, KNDy, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and other mediators such as leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin, play an active role in attaining puberty. Kisspeptin signalling is mediated by NOS, which further results in the secretion of GnRH. Neuronal nitric oxide is critical for attaining puberty, but its direct role in adult GnRH secretion is poorly understood. This review mainly focuses on the role of nNOS and its interplay with KNDy neurons in the hormonal regulation of reproduction. � 2021