Microbiology - Research Publications

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    Human anaerobic microbiome: a promising and innovative tool in cancer prevention and treatment by targeting pyruvate metabolism
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-10-26T00:00:00) Om, Hari; Chand, Umesh; Kushawaha, Pramod Kumar
    Introduction: Even in present-day times, cancer is one of the most fatal diseases. People are overwhelmed by pricey chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other costly cancer therapies in poor and middle-income countries. Cancer cells grow under anaerobic and hypoxic conditions. Pyruvate is the final product of the anaerobic glycolysis pathway, and many cancer cells utilize pyruvate for their growth and development. The anaerobic microbiome produces many anti-cancer substances that can act as anti-tumor agents and are both feasible and of low cost. There are different mechanisms of action of the anaerobic microbiome, such as the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and competition for the anaerobic environment includes the metabolic product pyruvate to form lactic acid for energy. Key findings: In this review, we have summarized the role of the metabolic approach of the anaerobic human microbiome in cancer prevention and treatment by interfering with cancer metabolite pyruvate. SCFAs possess decisive outcomes in condoning almost all the hallmarks of cancer and helping the spread of cancer to other body parts. Studies have demonstrated the impact and significance of using SCFA, which results from anaerobic bacteria, as an anti-cancer agent. Anaerobic bacteria-based cancer therapy has become a promising approach to treat cancer using obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria because of their ability to penetrate and increase in an acidic hypoxic environment. Significance: This review attempts to provide the interconnection of cancer metabolism and anaerobic microbiome metabolism with a focus on pyruvate metabolism to understand and design unique anaerobic microbiota-based therapy for cancer patients. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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    A short review on cross-link between pyruvate kinase (PKM2) and Glioblastoma Multiforme
    (Springer, 2021-03-02T00:00:00) Verma, Harkomal; Cholia, Ravi P.; Kaur, Sharanjot; Dhiman, Monisha; Mantha, Anil K.
    Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the last irreversible reaction of glycolysis pathway, generating pyruvate and ATP, from Phosphoenol Pyruvate (PEP) and ADP precursors. In mammals, four different tissue-specific isoforms (M1, M2, L and R) of PK exist, which are translated from two genes (PKL and PKR). PKM2 is the highly expressed isoform of PK in cancers, which regulates the aerobic glycolysis via reprogramming cancer cell�s metabolic pathways�to provide an anabolic�advantage to the tumor cells. In addition to the established role of PKM2 in aerobic glycolysis of multiple cancer types, various recent findings have highlighted the non-metabolic functions of PKM2 in brain tumor development. Nuclear PKM2 acts as a co-activator and directly regulates gene transcription. PKM2 dependent transactivation of various oncogenic genes is instrumental in the progression and aggressiveness of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Also, PKM2 acts as a protein kinase in histone modification which regulates gene expression and tumorigenesis. Ongoing research has explored novel regulatory mechanisms of PKM2 and its association in GBM progression. This review enlists and summarizes the metabolic and non-metabolic roles of PKM2 at the cellular level, and its regulatory function highlights the importance of the nuclear functions of PKM2 in GBM progression, and an emerging role of PKM2 as novel cancer therapeutics. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.
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    Human anaerobic microbiome: a promising and innovative tool in cancer prevention and treatment by targeting pyruvate metabolism
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-10-26T00:00:00) Om, Hari; Chand, Umesh; Kushawaha, Pramod Kumar
    Introduction: Even in present-day times, cancer is one of the most fatal diseases. People are overwhelmed by pricey chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other costly cancer therapies in poor and middle-income countries. Cancer cells grow under anaerobic and hypoxic conditions. Pyruvate is the final product of the anaerobic glycolysis pathway, and many cancer cells utilize pyruvate for their growth and development. The anaerobic microbiome produces many anti-cancer substances that can act as anti-tumor agents and are both feasible and of low cost. There are different mechanisms of action of the anaerobic microbiome, such as the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and competition for the anaerobic environment includes the metabolic product pyruvate to form lactic acid for energy. Key findings: In this review, we have summarized the role of the metabolic approach of the anaerobic human microbiome in cancer prevention and treatment by interfering with cancer metabolite pyruvate. SCFAs possess decisive outcomes in condoning almost all the hallmarks of cancer and helping the spread of cancer to other body parts. Studies have demonstrated the impact and significance of using SCFA, which results from anaerobic bacteria, as an anti-cancer agent. Anaerobic bacteria-based cancer therapy has become a promising approach to treat cancer using obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria because of their ability to penetrate and increase in an acidic hypoxic environment. Significance: This review attempts to provide the interconnection of cancer metabolism and anaerobic microbiome metabolism with a focus on pyruvate metabolism to understand and design unique anaerobic microbiota-based therapy for cancer patients. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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    A short review on cross-link between pyruvate kinase (PKM2) and Glioblastoma Multiforme
    (Springer, 2021-03-02T00:00:00) Verma, Harkomal; Cholia, Ravi P.; Kaur, Sharanjot; Dhiman, Monisha; Mantha, Anil K.
    Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the last irreversible reaction of glycolysis pathway, generating pyruvate and ATP, from Phosphoenol Pyruvate (PEP) and ADP precursors. In mammals, four different tissue-specific isoforms (M1, M2, L and R) of PK exist, which are translated from two genes (PKL and PKR). PKM2 is the highly expressed isoform of PK in cancers, which regulates the aerobic glycolysis via reprogramming cancer cell�s metabolic pathways�to provide an anabolic�advantage to the tumor cells. In addition to the established role of PKM2 in aerobic glycolysis of multiple cancer types, various recent findings have highlighted the non-metabolic functions of PKM2 in brain tumor development. Nuclear PKM2 acts as a co-activator and directly regulates gene transcription. PKM2 dependent transactivation of various oncogenic genes is instrumental in the progression and aggressiveness of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Also, PKM2 acts as a protein kinase in histone modification which regulates gene expression and tumorigenesis. Ongoing research has explored novel regulatory mechanisms of PKM2 and its association in GBM progression. This review enlists and summarizes the metabolic and non-metabolic roles of PKM2 at the cellular level, and its regulatory function highlights the importance of the nuclear functions of PKM2 in GBM progression, and an emerging role of PKM2 as novel cancer therapeutics. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.