Botany - Research Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Choudhary, ShrutiHas files: No

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    Adaptability of Rhododendrons in high altitude habitats
    (Northeast Forestry University, 2020-01-03T00:00:00) Choudhary, Shruti; Thakur, Sapna; Majeed, Aasim; Bhardwaj, Pankaj
    Tree species dominate many ecosystems throughout the world and their response to climate, in light of global warming, is a matter of primary concern. This review describes past and ongoing research in Rhododendron, an ecologically important and well-adapted genus of more than 1000 species, occupying diverse habitats. Research to date indicates survival ability and mechanisms, with an emphasis on cold tolerance. The capability of long-distance gene flow in these species increases their genetic variability which in turn enhances their adaptability to newer niches as well as to environmental gradients (mainly temperature). Attempts to explain the molecular basis of morphological and behavioural changes in Rhododendron against cold-induced damage has been made. Gradual advances in �omics� have led to an enriched genomic resource dissecting the role and interaction of multiple molecular factors participating in cold adaptability. However, fewer genetic studies are available on species with an inherent or a default cold-tolerance ability. Considering this fact, understanding specific features of an adapted species can provide insights on overriding the effects of desiccation and determining phase transitions in other plants as well. We propose to integrate ecological and evolutionary studies with functional genomics to improve predictions of tree responses to their environment. � 2020, Northeast Forestry University.
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    Adaptability of Rhododendrons in high altitude habitats
    (Northeast Forestry University, 2020-01-03T00:00:00) Choudhary, Shruti; Thakur, Sapna; Majeed, Aasim; Bhardwaj, Pankaj
    Tree species dominate many ecosystems throughout the world and their response to climate, in light of global warming, is a matter of primary concern. This review describes past and ongoing research in Rhododendron, an ecologically important and well-adapted genus of more than 1000 species, occupying diverse habitats. Research to date indicates survival ability and mechanisms, with an emphasis on cold tolerance. The capability of long-distance gene flow in these species increases their genetic variability which in turn enhances their adaptability to newer niches as well as to environmental gradients (mainly temperature). Attempts to explain the molecular basis of morphological and behavioural changes in Rhododendron against cold-induced damage has been made. Gradual advances in �omics� have led to an enriched genomic resource dissecting the role and interaction of multiple molecular factors participating in cold adaptability. However, fewer genetic studies are available on species with an inherent or a default cold-tolerance ability. Considering this fact, understanding specific features of an adapted species can provide insights on overriding the effects of desiccation and determining phase transitions in other plants as well. We propose to integrate ecological and evolutionary studies with functional genomics to improve predictions of tree responses to their environment. � 2020, Northeast Forestry University.
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    Studies on adaptive environmental responses in Himalayan Rhododendron arboreum
    (Central University of Punjab, 2019) Choudhary, Shruti; Bhardwaj, Pankaj
    Temperate plants acclimatize to survive freezing temperatures, which are otherwise prerequisite in the initiation/transition of a developmental phase. The dominance of Rhododendron arboreum under a highly fluctuating Himalayan environment makes it enticing for genetic structure and functional analysis. In the present study, transcript, small RNA and metabolome libraries from flowers and foliar tissues of reproductive and vegetative seasons were analyzed. The high-quality paired-end reads were assembled into 157,427 non-redundant transcripts and categorized functionally based on gene ontology, pathway, and transcription factor database. The screening for molecular markers identified 35,419 SSR and 811 high-quality SNPs. A comparison of transcript profiles for the vegetative and flowering season tissues revealed that 12,577 unigenes with fluctuating expression were responsible for seasonal adaptations. Additional to the gene interaction networks, 421 ions obtained from LC-MS were annotated to distinct pathways, especially secondary metabolites. Thirdly, 466 conserved and novel miRNAs, 442 precursors, and 27,139 targets were predicted and the miRNAs modulating circadian clock and reproductive development were discussed further. Other than the genes, miRNAs, and compounds held for an active metabolism, signaling, development, and their regulations, supplementary responses to abiotic/biotic stimuli were induced. A multifaceted response not only sponsored the climatic encounters but brought the shift from vegetative to reproductive growth. The genome-wide profiling and the spatiotemporal variation in mRNA and miRNA expression, as well as the nontargeted metabolome, will enhance the understanding of development and tolerance strategies in high altitude tree species.
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    Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals the reprogramming of gene networks under arsenic stress in Indian mustard.
    (Canadian Science Publishing, 2019) Thakur, Sapna; Choudhary, Shruti; Dubey, Preeti; Bhardwaj, Pankaj
    Arsenic is a widespread toxic metalloid that is classified as a class I carcinogen known to cause adverse health effects in humans. In the present study, we investigated arsenic accumulation potential and comparative gene expression in Indian mustard. The amount of arsenic accumulated in shoots varied in the range of 15.99-1138.70 mg/kg on a dry weight basis among five cultivars. Comparative expression analysis revealed 10?870 significantly differentially expressed genes mostly belonging to response to stress, metabolic processes, signal transduction, transporter activity, and transcription regulator activity to be up-regulated, while most of the genes involved in photosynthesis, developmental processes, and cell growth were found to be down-regulated in arsenic-treated tissues. Further, pathway analysis using the KEGG Automated Annotation server (KAAS) revealed a large-scale reprogramming of genes involved in genetic and environmental information processing pathways. Top pathways with maximum KEGG orthology hits included carbon metabolism (2.5%), biosynthesis of amino acids (2.1%), plant hormone signal transduction (1.4%), and glutathione metabolism (0.6%). A transcriptomic investigation to understand the arsenic accumulation and detoxification in Indian mustard will not only help to improve its phytoremediation efficiency but also add to the control measures required to check bioaccumulation of arsenic in the food chain.