Botany - Research Publications

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    A review on phytotoxicity and defense mechanism of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on plants
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023-03-16T00:00:00) Kumar, Sumit; Masurkar, Prahlad; Sravani, Bana; Bag, Dipanjali; Sharma, Kamal Ravi; Singh, Prashant; Korra, Tulasi; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are noteworthy used nanomaterials in a wide array of fields, particularly in the agricultural sector. Plants play a multifarious role in the ecosystem and provide a source of food for mankind. The responsibility of the scientific community is to recognize the deleterious impact of AgNPs (1�100�nm in size) on critical crop growth and development of plants, which is required for the assessment of environmental threats to plant, human, and animal health. The continued use of AgNPs in agriculture areas may have negative effects on plant biochemical and physiological responses. The current context focused mainly on AgNPs uptake, transport, and accumulation on crop plants and summarizes different levels of phytotoxicity of AgNPs on plant functions and focused on mechanisms of phytotoxicity employed by AgNPs. Moreover, some tolerance mechanisms and various survival strategies developed by plants under AgNPs toxicity are discussed. This background provides comprehensive information necessary to facilitate profound understanding of the toxic impacts of AgNPs on crop plants. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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    A review on phytotoxicity and defense mechanism of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on plants
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023-03-16T00:00:00) Kumar, Sumit; Masurkar, Prahlad; Sravani, Bana; Bag, Dipanjali; Sharma, Kamal Ravi; Singh, Prashant; Korra, Tulasi; Meena, Mukesh; Swapnil, Prashant; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Minkina, Tatiana
    Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are noteworthy used nanomaterials in a wide array of fields, particularly in the agricultural sector. Plants play a multifarious role in the ecosystem and provide a source of food for mankind. The responsibility of the scientific community is to recognize the deleterious impact of AgNPs (1�100�nm in size) on critical crop growth and development of plants, which is required for the assessment of environmental threats to plant, human, and animal health. The continued use of AgNPs in agriculture areas may have negative effects on plant biochemical and physiological responses. The current context focused mainly on AgNPs uptake, transport, and accumulation on crop plants and summarizes different levels of phytotoxicity of AgNPs on plant functions and focused on mechanisms of phytotoxicity employed by AgNPs. Moreover, some tolerance mechanisms and various survival strategies developed by plants under AgNPs toxicity are discussed. This background provides comprehensive information necessary to facilitate profound understanding of the toxic impacts of AgNPs on crop plants. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
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    Cross-priming accentuates key biochemical and molecular indicators of defense and improves cold tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies, 2019) Saini R.; Adhikary A.; Nayyar H.; Kumar S.
    Cold environment favors long vegetative phase but also impose substantial loss by damaging reproductive functioning in chickpea. Field temperature below 10��C is even more detrimental for reproductive development, enhances floral and pod abortion. In this study, contrasting chickpea varieties PDG3 and GPF2 were exposed to drought, recovered, and subsequently exposed to lethal cold stress ~ 4�5��C with an aim to induce defense response against cold shock. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular signatures related to damage and defense, i.e., membrane damage, antioxidative enzymes, fatty acid desaturase (CaFAD2.1), and small HSPs (CaHSP18.5 and CaHSP22.7), were analyzed. Drought pretreatment/preconditioning maintained the membrane stability in the cold by managing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Improved mitochondrial functioning (TTC reduction), increased activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) proved better cellular functioning during cold exposure. The expression and activity of superoxide dismutase (CaSOD) were down-regulated in both varieties, but CaCAT, CaAPX, CaGR, and CaFAD2.1 expressions were up-regulated in GPF2. Small heat shock protein CaHSP22.7 was also up-regulated in drought preconditioned PDG3 and GPF2 and after cold shock. Drought pretreatment/preconditioning significantly improved membrane damage during cold exposure, induced antioxidative system, and up-regulated FAD2. This study also pointed the possible role of CaHSP22.7 in cold tolerance and CaHSP18.5 in drought stress. The sensitive variety (GPF2) was positively responsive to preconditioning as this variety showed improvement in defense-related parameters; however, genotypic variations were observed in PDG3. � 2019, Franciszek G�rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krak�w.