Psychology - Master Dissertation
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/147
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Item In-Vehicle Interaction Systems, Eye Movements, and Safety(SAGE Publications Inc., 2022-10-10T00:00:00) Khanganba, Sanjram Premjit; Najar, Sajad AhmadIn-vehicle interactive systems are widely used in modern vehicles. While these systems serve various purposes, they are also potential distracters for drivers. In this study we investigated the effect of in-vehicle spatial distractions on driving errors and driver gaze behavior by developing an experimental paradigm named, �Direction Following in Distracted Driving � Spatial: Simultaneous and Sequential (D3-SSS).� Twenty-seven drivers voluntarily participated and were required to drive an instrumented vehicle on a two-lane test-track, following directions shown on direction signboards. While driving, drivers were required to respond to in-vehicle spatial distracting stimuli presented to them through a monitor attached to the dashboard. The drivers were randomly assigned to in-vehicle spatial-simultaneous and spatial-sequential distraction conditions. Our results demonstrated that, in comparison with spatial-sequential distractions, there were shorter eye fixation durations and fewer eye fixation counts on areas of interest (AOIs) during spatial-simultaneous distractions. We also found that drivers committed more driving errors during in-vehicle spatial-simultaneous distractions than when these were not occurring. In conclusion, drivers committed more slips than lapses, and spatial-simultaneous distraction was more detrimental to driving performance than was spatial-sequential distraction. � The Author(s) 2022.Item Experience of Cognitive Workload During In-Vehicle Distractions(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022-06-06T00:00:00) Khanganba, Sanjram Premjit; Najar, Sajad AhmadDrivers� ability to capture driving related information, interpretation and timely action upon that information determines safe driving. However, the cognitive resources of the driver to perceive, interpret, and execute driving related information are limited. The limitation of cognitive resources brings the issue of cognitive workload in focus. In the light of this understanding, the current study examines in-vehicle object and spatial distractions in terms of their effect on cognitive workload experienced by drivers. 47 drivers voluntarily participated in this test-track study. Equal number of drivers were randomly assigned to in-vehicle object and spatial distraction conditions. Drivers assigned to object distraction condition had to process object appearance information whereas under spatial distraction they had to process spatial information. After the completion of the drive, each driver�s cognitive workload was assessed by using�National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). It was observed that there is a significant difference between in-vehicle object and spatial distraction with respect to their effect on cognitive workload. The results indicate that the drivers experienced more cognitive workload during object distraction. Multiple regression analysis of cognitive workload reveals that temporal demand, effort, and performance dimensions are significant predictors of overall cognitive workload, but the other three dimensions (i.e., mental demand, physical demand and frustration level) are not. Further, the stepwise analysis of the dimensions of NASA-TLX showed that temporal demand is the most dominant factor which contributed to 85% of the cognitive workload experienced by the drivers. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.