Botany - Mphil Thesis

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/30

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Phytogenetic analysis of bacterial diversity of heavy metal affected
(Central University of Punjab, 2012) Kumar, Rajeev; Kumar, Sanjeev
The soil of Bathinda region is affected by heavy metals due to anthropogenic activity, industrial effluent and fly ash. Three soil samples in triplicate were collected from three different places of Bathinda region, abandoned soil, agricultural soil, thermal power plant fly ash soil. Based on 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequence analysis, phylogentic analysis of bacterial diversity was performed. 366 clones were picked and through colony PCR 128 positive clones were chosen. Out of 128 clones, 126 clones were sequenced in three fragments and all three fragments aligned using SeqMan Lasergene ver.10.0 (DNA STAR) software. BLAST analysis of sequenced and aligned samples was carried out at NCBI to find out the homology with different groups of bacteria. All 126 clones aligned for phylogenetic analysis by MEGA 5 (Neighbor Joining method). 32 genus belong to 8 phyla were observed in all three samples. Most dominant phylum is Proteobacteria followed by Bacteriodates. Pseudomonas spp. is dominant in agricultural and thermal power plant soil. Abandoned soil showed maximum diversity followed by thermal power plant soil. In agricultural soil minimum diversity was observed. So with this investigation it can be concluded that lands without anthropogenic activities are rich in bacterial diversity as compared to more anthropogenic active areas.
Preconditiong chickpea for chilling stress: Understanding associated mechanisms and role of FADs in membrane protection
(Central University of Punjab, 2014) Saini, Rashmi; Kumar, Sanjeev
Chickpea has evolved as a spring crop in warmer climate of West Asia. Therefore, it is prone to chilling injury as in North India, chickpea is cultivated in winter season. Preconditioning the plants with mild drought stress might triggers the signaling pathways that will prepare the plants to combat lethal cold stress. In this study, one chilling tolerant genotype PDG3 and one chilling sensitive genotype GPF2 of chickpea were preconditioned with mild drought stress and then exposed to lethal cold stress at 40C. To see the effects of preconditioning various cell responses were monitored by measuring ELI, MDA content, LOX activity, antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT, APX, GPOX and GR, and mRNA expression of fatty acid desaturase (FAD-2) and small heat shock proteins (sHsp18.5 & sHsp22.7) at different phases. Both the genotypes behave differently to preconditioning. This study shows that preconditioning increases the tolerance capacity of chilling-sensitive genotype towards chilling stress. Whereas, preconditioning brings about adaptable changes in chilling tolerant plant PDG3 so, they can cope up with chilling stress. To conclude whole study, preconditioning with mild drought stress has ability to improve the tolerance against cold stress in chickpea.
Preconditioning of chickpea seedlings for terminal heat stress: understanding associated mechanism and HSP's expression
(Central University of Punjab, 2014) Yadav, Renu; Kumar, Sanjeev
Chickpea (Cicer arietinium L.) is the second most important pulse crop grown worldwide. Changes in the cropping system, competition from other cash crops (wheat) and global warming are pushing chickpea to relatively warmer growing environment. In northern part of country chickpea come across with terminal high temperature stress during reproductive stage which lead to reduced grain yield. Therefore to prevent the plant from incoming heat stress, 11 day chickpea seedling were preconditioned with mild drought stress, then put on recovery for six days and then recovered seedlings were exposed to lethal stress (where temperature was increased step wise from 30?C to 36?C). This study revealed that % EL, Lipid peroxidation increased with the increase in temperature while percent TTC reduction and total protein content decreased with the increase in temperature. Antioxidative enzymes provide the major defence against the ROS generated during the abiotic stress, and it was found that activity of SOD, CAT and APX enzyme increased proportionately with the rising temperature. HSP's act as molecular chaperons and are over expressed at both mRNA and protein level in preconditioned seedlings exposed to high temperature stress as compared to non- preconditioned ones. To conclude the whole study, results obtained clearly reveal that preconditioning with drought stress has the ability to improve tolerance above ambient temperature (27?C 7?C), thereafter preconditioning did not have any influence in terms of the improvement in membrane damage and level of antioxidants. Higher expression of sHSP's is corroborated with the low expression of antioxidants.
To study the effect of insulin on advanced androgen-indpendent prostate cancer (pc-3) cells
(Central University of Punjab, 2012) Kumar, Abhimanyu; Kumar, Sanjeev
Prostate cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in males over the age of fifty all over the world. Many factors including genetics and diet have been associated with the development of prostate cancer. Hyperinsulinemia has been found to be associated with higher risk of Prostate cancer. Diabetes type-2 is accompanied with hyperinsulinemic state. Both cancer and diabetes are metabolic disorders and often diabetes is correlated with cancer. This study reveals that insulin acts as a mitogen hence increases proliferation in PC-3 cells. Reactive oxygen species are by product of cellular metabolism. Insulin treatment increases cellular metabolism due to which ROS level also increases at higher insulin doses. ROS is necessary for many cells signalling process, abnormal increase in ROS level can cause mutational DNA damage and affects protein folding. Antioxidants and free radical balance is critical for normal cellular functioning. Superoxide dismutase is an important antioxidant enzyme, which keeps ROS level low by dismutation of superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide. This is further metabolised by catalase. In our study we have found that at lower insulin doses SOD level increases but at higher insulin doses SOD expression decreases significantly. This may be the possible reason of ROS increase. Matrix metalloproteinase's expression is modulated by insulin, which can lead to increase in malignancy. All factors stated above indicate that hyperinsulinemia can lead to tumor progression.