Pharmacology - Research Publications
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/111
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Item Animal models of Huntington�s disease and their applicability to novel drug discovery and development(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023-04-12T00:00:00) Upadhayay, Shubham; Jamwal, Sumit; Kumar, PuneetIntroduction: Huntington�s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion in the CAG trinucleotide repeat in huntingtin (Htt) gene. The discovery of the HD-causing gene prompted the creation of new HD animal models, proving that mutations in the HD gene are linked to either loss of function of the wild-type (un-mutated) gene or toxic gain in the function of a mutated gene. Areas Covered: Animal models of HD have led to an increased understanding of its pathogenesis and resulted in the discovery of new therapeutic targets/drugs. The focus of this review is on the selection and validation of animal models for HD drug discovery. Furthermore, several drugs tested using various models in the preclinical phase have been compiled to demonstrate the applicability of these HD animal models. Expert opinion: The applicability of animal models for HD drug discovery has been well demonstrated. Nevertheless, despite the enormous progression made to date, the development of drug therapy to completely alleviate disease progression has not been achieved. Most of the pre-clinically tested drugs have shown promising results in alleviating HD-associated neurodegeneration and motor and non-motor symptoms, but only a few of them thrived to produce satisfactory results in the clinical phase. This failure has raised concerns about the selection of HD animal models and species, and new strategies for selection are mandated. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Animal models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021-01-15T00:00:00) Rahi, Vikrant; Kumar, PuneetAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by three primary symptoms hyperactivity, attention deficit, and impulsiveness, observed in both children and adults. In childhood, this disorder is more common in boys than in girls, and at least 75% will continue to suffer from the disorder until adulthood. Individuals with ADHD generally have poor academic, occupational, and social functioning resulting from developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity and impulsivity, as well as impaired ability to maintain attention on motivationally relevant tasks. Very few drugs available in clinical practice altogether abolish the symptoms of ADHD, therefore, to find new drugs and target it is essential to understand the neuropathological, neurochemical, and genetic alterations that lead to the progression of ADHD. With this contrast, an animal study is the best approach because animal models provide relatively fast invasive manipulation, rigorous hypothesis testing, as well as it provides a better angle to understand the pathological mechanisms involved in disease progression. Moreover, animal models, especially for ADHD, serve with good predictive validity would allow the assessment and development of new therapeutic interventions, with this aim, the present review collect the various animal models on a single platform so that the research can select an appropriate model to pursue his study. � 2021 International Society for Developmental Neuroscience