Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products - Research Publications
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/56
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Item E-pharmacophore guided discovery of pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines as dual inhibitors of topoisomerase-I and histone deacetylase(Academic Press Inc., 2020) Joshi G.; Kalra S.; Yadav U.P.; Sharma P.; Singh P.K.; Amrutkar S.; Ansari A.J.; Kumar S.; Sharon A.; Sharma S.; Sawant D.M.; Banerjee U.C.; Singh S.; Kumar R.In the quest to ameliorate the camptothecin (CPT) downsides, we expedite to search for stable non-CPT analogues among 11 motifs of pyrazoloquinazolines reported. E-pharmacophore drug design approach helped filtering out pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines as Topoisomerase I (TopoI) 'interfacial' inhibitors. Three compounds, 3c, 3e, and 3l were shown to be potent non-intercalating inhibitors of TopoI specifically and showed cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity in lung, breast and colon cancer cell lines. The compounds induced cell cycle arrest at S-phase, mitochondrial cell death pathway and modulated oxidative stress in cancer cells. Furthermore, a preliminary study was conducted to explore the feasibility of these compounds to be developed as dual TopoI-HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1) inhibitors (4a) to combat resistance. Compound 4a was found to possess dual inhibitory capabilities in-vitro. Cytotoxic potential of 4a was found to be significantly higher than parent compound in 2D as well as 3D cancer cell models. Probable binding modes of 4a with TopoI and HDAC1 active sites were examined by molecular modelling.Item A panoramic review of IL-6: Structure, pathophysiological roles and inhibitors(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Kaur S.; Bansal Y.; Kumar R.; Bansal G.Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine. Its deregulation is associated with chronic inflammation, and multifactorial auto-immune disorders. It mediates its biological roles through a hexameric complex composed of IL-6 itself, its receptor IL-6R, and glycoprotein 130 (IL-6/IL-6R/gp130). This complex, in turn, activates different signaling mechanisms (classical and trans-signaling) to execute various biochemical functions. The trans-signaling mechanism activates various pathological routes, like JAK/STAT3, Ras/MAPK, PI3K–PKB/Akt, and regulation of CD4+ T cells and VEGF levels, which cause cancer, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, anemia, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Involvement of IL-6 in pathophysiology of these complex diseases makes it an important target for the treatment of these diseases. Though some anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies are being used clinically, but their high cost, only parenteral administration, and possibility of immunogenicity have limited their use, and warranted the development of novel small non-peptide molecules as IL-6 inhibitors. In the present report, all molecules reported in literature as IL-6 inhibitors have been classified as IL-6 production, IL-6R, and IL-6 signaling inhibitors. Reports available till date are critically studied to identify important and salient structural features common in these molecules. These analyses would assist medicinal chemists to design novel and potent IL-6 production and signaling inhibitors, through knowledge- and/or computer-based approaches, for the treatment of complex multifactorial diseases.Item P53-mediated anticancer activity of Citrullus colocynthis extracts(Bentham Science Publishers, 2019) Joshi G.; Kaur J.; Sharma P.; Kaur G.; Bhandari Y.; Kumar R.; Singh S.Background: Current anticancer therapeutics comes with significant side effects and thus focus is shifting towards minimizing the side effects or to avoid the disease altogether. Thus, various natural products are being investigated for their potential therapeutic values which can be easily included in daily diet of a person. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) fruit is commonly used in traditional medicines and is known to have antioxidant effects, thus may possess potent anticancer activity as well. Objectives: To establish the anticancer potential of fruit belonging to Citrullus colocynthis (L.) and delineate the potential targets. Results: In the present study it was found that seed and pulp extracts of the fruit are effective against various cancer cell lines while the normal cells, with lower rate of division, remain largely unaffected. The current study for the first time shows that these extracts function via regulation of p53 pathways and the mode of apoptosis is mostly via mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway. The biological profiling of the extracts was also validated using molecular modelling studies utilizing the two major polyphenols constituents from colocynths i.e., Isoorientin and Isovitexin. Conclusion: The study suggested that the constituent has a multiple target approach for the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and inhibition of ROS production via the major apoptotic proteins. All of these outcomes suggest and establish a critical role of ROS accumulation and mitochondrial function in the p53-dependent cell.Item A review on quinoline derived scaffolds as anti-HIV agents(Bentham Science Publishers, 2019) Chokkar N.; Kalra S.; Chauhan M.; Kumar R.After restricting the proliferation of CD4+T cells, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), infection persists at a very fast rate causing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This demands the vigorous need of suitable anti-HIV agents, as existing medicines do not provide a complete cure and exhibit drawbacks like toxicities, drug resistance, side-effects, etc. Even the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) failed to combat HIV/AIDS completely. The major breakthrough in anti-HIV discovery was marked with the discovery of raltegravir in 2007, the first integrase (IN) inhibitor. Thereafter, the discovery of elvitegravir, a quinolone derivative emerged as the potent HIV-IN inhibitor. Though many more classes of different drugs that act as anti-HIV have been identified, some of which are under clinical trials, but the recent serious focus is still laid on quinoline and its analogues. In this review, we have covered all the quinoline-based derivatives that inhibit various targets and are potential anti-HIV agents in various phases of the drug discovery.Item Novel 2-(substituted phenyl Imino)-5-benzylidene-4-thiazolidinones as possible non-ulcerogenic tri-action drug candidates: synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation And docking studies(Birkhauser Boston, 2019) Chawla P.; Kalra S.; Kumar R.; Singh R.; Saraf S.K.The present research was aimed at the synthesis and screening of 35 novel 2-(substituted phenyl imino)-5-benzylidene-4-thiazolidinones having different substitutions at imino phenyl and arylidene groups. The title compounds were synthesized by Knoevenagel condensation at the 5th position of the 4-thiazolidinone ring, in the presence of sodium acetate. The structures were assigned on the basis of spectral data. The compounds were screened for in vivo anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and in vitro free-radical scavenging activities. The compounds exhibited significant activities when compared with standard drugs. The distinctive property of the derivatives was that none of them had an acidic group, like conventional NSAIDs, but exhibited significant in vivo activity in acute inflammation models. Further, the active compounds of each series were docked against cyclooxygeanase (COX)-2 enzyme using Glide module of Maestro 11.1 program. It was evident from the docking results that 3-chlorophenylimino and 2-chloro moiety on 5-benzylidene nucleus of the 4-thiazolidinone derivative (30) could easily fit into the COX-2-binding pocket, considered as critical interaction for COX-2 inhibition. Interestingly, some of the compounds exhibited the potential of becoming dual action or even triple action drug candidates, which could target degenerative disorders associated with excessive free-radical generation.Item Cyclic enaminone as new chemotype for selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2019) Kumar R.; Saha N.; Purohit P.; Garg S.K.; Seth K.; Meena V.S.; Dubey S.; Dave K.; Goyal R.; Sharma S.S.; Banerjee U.C.; Chakraborti A.K.The cyclic enaminone moiety has been identified as a new scaffold for selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The designed cyclic enaminones have been synthesized conveniently through the development of a new catalyst-free methodology and evaluated for cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibitory activities. Three compounds 7d, 8, and 9 predominantly inhibited COX-2 with selectivity index of 74.09, 19.45 and 108.68, respectively, and were assessed for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced rat paw edema assay. The anti-inflammatory activity of 7d was comparable to that of celecoxib at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg. However, the compounds 8 and 9 were more/equally effective as anti-inflammatory agent compared to celecoxib at the doses of 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg and also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of diclofenac. The therapeutic potential of the most active compound 9 was further assessed by performing in vivo thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia tests using various models that revealed its analgesic activity. The in vivo non-ulcerogenicity of 9 revealed the gastrointestinal safety as compared to the non-selective COX inhibitor indomethacin. The in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo experiments on heart rate and blood pressure provided the cardiovascular safety profile of 9. The molecular docking studies rationalize the COX-2 selectivity of the newly found anti-inflammatory compounds 7d, 8, and 9.Item Recent advancements in mechanistic studies and structure activity relationship of FoF1 ATP synthase inhibitor as antimicrobial agent(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2019) Narang R.; Kumar R.; Kalra S.; Nayak S.K.; Khatik G.L.; Kumar G.N.; Sudhakar K.; Singh S.K.The emergence of drug resistance in infectious microbial strains can be overcome by development of novel drug molecules against unexploited microbial target. The success of Bedaquiline in recent years, as FoF1 ATP synthase inhibitor against XDR and MDR mycobacterium strains, has resulted in further exploration to identify more potent and safe drug molecules against resistant strains. FoF1 ATP synthase is the main energy production enzyme in almost all eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Development of bacterial ATP synthase inhibitors is a safe approach, without causing harm to mammalian cells due to structural difference between bacterial and mammalian ATP synthase target sites. This review emphasizes on providing the structural insights for FoF1 ATP synthase of different prokaryotes and will help in the design of new potent antimicrobial agents with better efficacy. Further, applications of synthetic and natural active antimicrobial ATP synthase inhibitors, reported by different research groups are summarized. Their SAR and mode of actions are also analysed. � 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS