Human Genetics And Molecular Medicine - Research Publications

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://kr.cup.edu.in/handle/32116/107

Browse

Author: search.filters.author.Haque, ShafiulHas files: No

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Melittin: a possible regulator of cancer proliferation in preclinical cell culture and animal models
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-11-03T00:00:00) Haque, Shafiul; Hussain, Arif; Joshi, Hemant; Sharma, Ujjawal; Sharma, Bunty; Aggarwal, Diwakar; Rani, Isha; Ramniwas, Seema; Gupta, Madhu; Tuli, Hardeep Singh
    Background: Melittin is a water-soluble cationic peptide derived from bee venom that has been thoroughly studied for the cure of different cancers. However, the unwanted interactions of melittin produce hemolytic and cytotoxic effects that hinder their therapeutic applications. To overcome the shortcomings, numerous research groups have adopted different approaches, including conjugation with tumor-targeting proteins, gene therapy, and encapsulation in nanoparticles, to reduce the non-specific cytotoxic effects and potentiate their anti-cancerous activity. Purpose: This article aims to provide mechanistic insights into the chemopreventive activity of melittin and its nanoversion in combination with standard anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of cancer. Methods: We looked over the pertinent research on melittin's chemopreventive properties in online databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Conclusion: In the present article, the anti-cancerous effects of melittin on different cancers have been discussed very nicely, as have their possible mechanisms of action to act against different tumors. Besides, it interacts with different signal molecules that regulate the diverse pathways of cancerous cells, such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. We also discussed the recent progress in the synergistic combination of melittin with standard anti-cancer drugs and a nano-formulated version of melittin for targeted delivery to improve its anticancer potential. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Apoptotic and antimetastatic effect of cucurbitacins in cancer: recent trends and advancement
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-04-03T00:00:00) Kumar, Ajay; Sharma, Bunty; Sharma, Ujjawal; Parashar, Gaurav; Parashar, Nidarshana Chaturvedi; Rani, Isha; Ramniwas, Seema; Kaur, Satwinderjeet; Haque, Shafiul; Tuli, Hardeep Singh
    The Cucurbitaceae family produces a class of secondary metabolites known as cucurbitacins. The eight cucurbitacin subunits are cucurbitacin B, D, E, I, IIa, L glucoside, Q, and R with the most significant anticancer activity. They are reported to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; induce apoptosis; and encourage cell cycle arrest, as some of their modes of action. The JAK-STAT3, Wnt, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, which are essential for the survival and apoptosis of cancer cells, have also been shown to be suppressed by cucurbitacins. The goal of the current study is to summarize potential molecular targets that cucurbitacins could inhibit in order to suppress various malignant processes. The review is noteworthy since it presents all putative molecular targets for cucurbitacins in cancer on a single podium. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Ferulic Acid: A Natural Phenol That Inhibits Neoplastic Events through Modulation of Oncogenic Signaling
    (MDPI, 2022-11-08T00:00:00) Singh Tuli, Hardeep; Kumar, Ajay; Ramniwas, Seema; Coudhary, Renuka; Aggarwal, Diwakar; Kumar, Manoj; Sharma, Ujjawal; Chaturvedi Parashar, Nidarshana; Haque, Shafiul; Sak, Katrin
    Despite the immense therapeutic advances in the field of health sciences, cancer is still to be found among the global leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Ethnomedicinally, natural bioactive compounds isolated from various plant sources have been used for the treatment of several cancer types and have gained notable attention. Ferulic acid, a natural compound derived from various seeds, nuts, leaves, and fruits, exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects in cancer, including its proapoptotic, cell-cycle-arresting, anti-metastatic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review study presents a thorough overview of the molecular targets and cellular signaling pathways modulated by ferulic acid in diverse malignancies, showing high potential for this phenolic acid to be developed as a candidate agent for novel anticancer therapeutics. In addition, current investigations to develop promising synergistic formulations are also discussed. � 2022 by the authors.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Luteolin, a Potent Anticancer Compound: From Chemistry to Cellular Interactions and Synergetic Perspectives
    (MDPI, 2022-11-01T00:00:00) Singh Tuli, Hardeep; Rath, Prangya; Chauhan, Abhishek; Sak, Katrin; Aggarwal, Diwakar; Choudhary, Renuka; Sharma, Ujjawal; Vashishth, Kanupriya; Sharma, Sheetu; Kumar, Manoj; Yadav, Vikas; Singh, Tejveer; Yerer, Mukerrem Betul; Haque, Shafiul
    Increasing rates of cancer incidence and the toxicity concerns of existing chemotherapeutic agents have intensified the research to explore more alternative routes to combat tumor. Luteolin, a flavone found in numerous fruits, vegetables, and herbs, has exhibited a number of biological activities, such as anticancer and anti-inflammatory. Luteolin inhibits tumor growth by targeting cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell-cycle progression, angiogenesis and migration. Mechanistically, luteolin causes cell death by downregulating Akt, PLK-1, cyclin-B1, cyclin-A, CDC-2, CDK-2, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL, while upregulating BAX, caspase-3, and p21. It has also been reported to inhibit STAT3 signaling by the suppression of STAT3 activation and enhanced STAT3 protein degradation in various cancer cells. Therefore, extensive studies on the anticancer properties of luteolin reveal its promising role in chemoprevention. The present review describes all the possible cellular interactions of luteolin in cancer, along with its synergistic mode of action and nanodelivery insight. � 2022 by the authors.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980�2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1
    (Elsevier B.V., 2021-07-21T00:00:00) Galles, Natalie C; Liu, Patrick Y; Updike, Rachel L; Fullman, Nancy; Nguyen, Jason; Rolfe, Sam; Sbarra, Alyssa N; Schipp, Megan F; Marks, Ashley; Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat; Abbas, Kaja M; Abbasi, Sumra Wajid; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdoli, Amir; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abosetugn, Akine Eshete; Adabi, Maryam; Adamu, Abdu A; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Advani, Shailesh M; Afzal, Saira; Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Sohail; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Ahmed, Haroon; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed Rashid, Tarik; Ahmed Salih, Yusra; Akalu, Yonas; Aklilu, Addis; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Alahdab, Fares; Albano, Luciana; Alemayehu, Yosef; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Liaqat; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Almustanyir, Sami; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amu, Hubert; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Andrei, Tudorel; Ansar, Adnan; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo; Antony, Benny; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Artanti, Kurnia Dwi; Arulappan, Judie; Awan, Asma Tahir; Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew; Ayza, Muluken Altaye; Azarian, Ghasem; Azzam, Ahmed Y; B, Darshan B; Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Banach, Maciej; Bante, Simachew Animen; B�rnighausen, Till Winfried; Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat; Barrow, Amadou; Bassat, Quique; Bayarmagnai, Narantuya; Bejarano Ramirez, Diana Fernanda; Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye; Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhandari, Dinesh; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bibi, Sadia; Bijani, Ali; Biondi, Antonio; Boloor, Archith; Braithwaite, Dejana; Buonsenso, Danilo; Butt, Zahid A; Camargos, Paulo; Carreras, Giulia; Carvalho, Felix; Casta�eda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Chakinala, Raja Chandra; Charan, Jaykaran; Chatterjee, Souranshu; Chattu, Soosanna Kumary; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi; Christopher, Devasahayam J; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Costa, Vera Marisa; Couto, Rosa A S; Dadras, Omid; Dagnew, Amare Belachew; Dagnew, Baye; Dai, Xiaochen; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; De Neve, Jan-Walter; Derbew Molla, Meseret; Derseh, Behailu Tariku; Desai, Rupak; Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu; Dhamnetiya, Deepak; Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dianatinasab, Mostafa; Diaz, Daniel; Djalalinia, Shirin; Dorostkar, Fariba; Edem, Bassey; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Eftekharzadeh, Sahar; El Sayed, Iman; El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa; Elhadi, Muhammed; El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I; Elsharkawy, Aisha; Enany, Shymaa; Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj; Esezobor, Christopher Imokhuede; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Ezeonwumelu, Ifeanyi Jude; Ezzikouri, Sayeh; Fares, Jawad; Faris, Pawan Sirwan; Feleke, Berhanu Elfu; Ferede, Tomas Y; Fernandes, Eduarda; Fernandes, Jo�o C; Ferrara, Pietro; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Francis, Mark Rohit; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gad, Mohamed M; Gaidhane, Shilpa; Gallus, Silvano; Garg, Tushar; Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle; Gebre, Teshome; Gebregiorgis, Birhan Gebresillassie; Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork; Gebremichael, Berhe; Gessner, Bradford D; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Gilani, Syed Amir; Gl?van, Ionela-Roxana; Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna; Golechha, Mahaveer; Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Goudarzi, Houman; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Guo, Yuming; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Guti�rrez, Reyna Alma; Haeuser, Emily; Halwani, Rabih; Hamidi, Samer; Hanif, Asif; Haque, Shafiul; Harapan, Harapan; Hargono, Arief; Hashi, Abdiwahab; Hassan, Shoaib; Hassanein, Mohamed H; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassankhani, Hadi; Hay, Simon I; Hayat, Khezar; Hegazy, Mohamed I; Heidari, Golnaz; Hezam, Kamal; Holla, Ramesh; Hoque, Mohammad Enamul; Hosseini, Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Househ, Mowafa; Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong; Huang, Junjie; Humayun, Ayesha; Hussain, Rabia; Hussein, Nawfal R; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Inamdar, Sumant; Iqbal, Usman; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Joukar, Farahnaz; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kamal, Zul; Kamande, Stanley M; Kandel, Himal; Karch, Andr�; Kassahun, Getinet; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Katoto, Patrick DMC; Kelkay, Bayew; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalil, Ibrahim A; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khan, Junaid; Khan, Maseer Adnan; Khan, Moien AB; Khang, Young-Ho; Khoja, Abdullah T; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kim, Gyu Ri; Kim, Min Seo; Kim, Yun Jin; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich; Kosen, Soewarta; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kulkarni, Vaman; Kumar, Avinash; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Nithin; Kwarteng, Alexander; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lami, Faris Hasan; Landires, Iv�n; Lasrado, Savita; Lassi, Zohra S; Lee, Hankil; Lee, Yeong Yeh; Levi, Miriam; Lewycka, Sonia; Li, Shanshan; Liu, Xuefeng; Lobo, Stany W; Lopukhov, Platon D; Lozano, Rafael; Lutzky Saute, Ricardo; Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed; Makki, Alaa; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerl�ndio; Matthews, Philippa C; Medina, John Robert Carabeo; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mersha, Amanual Getnet; Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Milne, George J; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mirzaei, Hamid Reza; Misra, Sanjeev; Mithra, Prasanna; Moghadaszadeh, Masoud; Mohamed, Teroj Abdulrahman; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammad, Yousef; Mohammadi, Mokhtar; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Arif; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohapatra, Archisman; Mokdad, Ali H; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Montasir, Ahmed Al; Moore, Catrin E; Moradi, Ghobad; Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah; Moraga, Paula; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Munro, Sandra B; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naimzada, Mukhammad David; Naveed, Muhammad; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Negoi, Ionut; Neupane Kandel, Sandhya; Nguyen, Trang Huyen; Nikbakhsh, Rajan; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nixon, Molly R; Nnaji, Chukwudi A; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nu�ez-Samudio, Virginia; Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka; Oancea, Bogdan; Ochir, Chimedsuren; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun; Onwujekwe, Obinna E; Otstavnov, Nikita; Otstavnov, Stanislav S; Owolabi, Mayowa O; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakshir, Keyvan; Park, Eun-Cheol; Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh; Pathak, Mona; Paudel, Rajan; Pawar, Shrikant; Pereira, Jeevan; Peres, Mario F P; Perianayagam, Arokiasamy; Pinheiro, Marina; Pirestani, Majid; Podder, Vivek; Polibin, Roman V; Pollok, Richard Charles G; Postma, Maarten J; Pottoo, Faheem Hyder; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Radfar, Amir; Rafiei, Alireza; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum; Rajesh, Aashish; Ramshaw, Rebecca E; Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Rao, Chythra R; Rao, Sowmya J; Rathi, Priya; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Renzaho, Andre M N; Rezaei, Negar; Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh; Rios-Blancas, Maria; Rogowski, Emma L B; Ronfani, Luca; Rwegerera, Godfrey M; Saad, Anas M; Sabour, Siamak; Saddik, Basema; Saeb, Mohammad Reza; Saeed, Umar; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Salam, Nasir; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Samaei, Mehrnoosh; Samy, Abdallah M; Sanabria, Juan; Sanmarchi, Francesco; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M; Sartorius, Benn; Sarveazad, Arash; Sathian, Brijesh; Sawhney, Monika; Saxena, Deepak; Saxena, Sonia; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Seylani, Allen; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shamsizadeh, Morteza; Shetty, Pavanchand H; Shigematsu, Mika; Shin, Jae Il; Sidemo, Negussie Boti; Singh, Ambrish; Singh, Jasvinder A; Sinha, Smriti; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Soheili, Amin; Tadesse, Eyayou Girma; Tamiru, Animut Tagele; Tan, Ker-Kan; Tekalegn, Yohannes; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Thakur, Bhaskar; Thapar, Rekha; Thavamani, Aravind; Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan; Tohidinik, Hamid Reza; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Traini, Eugenio; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tripathi, Manjari; Tsegaye, Berhan; Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie; Ullah, Anayat; Ullah, Saif; Ullah, Sana; Unim, Brigid; Vacante, Marco; Velazquez, Diana Zuleika; Vo, Bay; Vollmer, Sebastian; Vu, Giang Thu; Vu, Linh Gia; Waheed, Yasir; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Yi?it, Vahit; Yirdaw, Birhanu Wubale; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yu, Chuanhua; Yuce, Deniz; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Zamani, Mohammad; Zamanian, Maryam; Zewdie, Dejene Tesfaye; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhong, Chenwen; Zumla, Alimuddin; Murray, Christopher J L; Lim, Stephen S; Mosser, Jonathan F; Nguyen, J.; Marks, A.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Kassebaum, N.J.; Naghavi, M.; Nixon, M.R.; Murray, C.J.L.; Lim, S.S.; Mosser, J.F.; Dandona, R.; Hay, S.I.; Kassebaum, N.J.; Naghavi, M.; Murray, C.J.L.; Lim, S.S.; Kassebaum, N.J.; Khalil, I.A.; Katoto, P.D.; Ali, L.; Ullah, A.; Hosseini, M.; Moradi, G.; Elsharkawy, A.; Abolhassani, H.; Nnaji, C.A.; Ahmad, S.; Ahmad, T.; Dagnew, A.B.; Sabour, S.; Ahmed, H.; Ahmed, M.B.; Saxena, D.; Dagnew, B.; Desta, A.A.; Tamiru, A.T.; Mersha, A.G.; Aklilu, A.; Alemayehu, Y.; Sathian, B.; Albano, L.; Al-Eyadhy, A.; Altirkawi, K.A.; Temsah, M.; Mohammad, Y.; Alhassan, R.K.; Amu, H.; Aljunid, S.M.; Aljunid, S.M.; Andrei, C.; Hostiuc, M.; Negoi, I.; Andrei, T.; Gl?van, I.; Mirica, A.; Ansar, A.; Antonazzo, I.; Ferrara, P.; Cortesi, P.A.; Mantovani, L.G.; Chowdhury, F.R.; Singh Mtech, A.; Arabloo, J.; Ghashghaee, A.; Ghashghaee, A.; Sarveazad, A.; Artanti, K.D.; Awan, A.T.; Rathi, P.; Babar, Z.; Gebremichael, B.; Zamani, M.; Barrow, A.; Barrow, A.; Tadesse, E.G.; Hosseini, M.; Bassat, Q.; Kulkarni, V.; Kumar, N.; Mithra, P.; Saxena, D.; Ilesanmi, O.S.; Belgaumi, U.I.; Lassi, Z.S.; Shin, J.; Misra, S.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Bibi, S.; Ullah, S.; Boloor, A.; Owolabi, M.O.; Sinha, S.; Braithwaite, D.; Braithwaite, D.; Buonsenso, D.; Buonsenso, D.; Awan, A.T.; Mengesha, E.W.; Tsegaye, G.W.; De Neve, J.; Pottoo, F.H.; Camargos, P.; Couto, R.A.S.; Pinheiro, M.; Chakinala, R.; Chatterjee, S.; Chattu, S.; Chattu, V.; Chattu, V.; Bill, I.; Chu, D.; Chung, S.; Chung, S.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Ansar, A.; Kumar, G.; Dandona, L.; Desai, R.; Dhimal, M.L.; Dhimal, M.L.; Dhimal, M.; Diaz, D.; Diaz, D.; Velazquez, D.Z.; Eftekharzadeh, S.; El Sayed, I.; El Sayed Zaki, M.; Elhadi, M.; Enany, S.; Erkhembayar, R.; Esezobor, C.I.; Olagunju, A.T.; Esezobor, C.I.; Fares, J.; Faris, P.S.; Faris, P.S.; Tsegaye, B.; Filip, I.; Filip, I.; Fischer, F.; Francis, M.R.; Francis, M.R.; Fukumoto, T.; Gad, M.M.; Hassanein, M.H.; Liu, X.; Saad, A.M.; Gad, M.M.; Garg, T.; Tekalegn, Y.; Mohammed, S.; Gebre, T.; Gebremedhin, K.B.; Gessner, B.D.; Gessner, B.D.; Ghadiri, K.; Ghadiri, K.; Ghafourifard, M.; Moghadaszadeh, M.; Gilani, S.; Malik, A.A.; Gilani, S.; Glushkova, E.V.; Korshunov, V.A.; Lopukhov, P.D.; Golechha, M.; Gopalani, S.V.; Gopalani, S.V.; Goudarzi, H.; Ahmed, M.B.; Goudarzi, H.; Gubari, M.I.M.; Guo, Y.; Li, S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, V.; Gupta, V.K.; Guti�rrez, R.A.; Hargono Dr, A.; Hassan, S.; Hassan, S.; Hassanipour, S.; Hayat, K.; Hayat, K.; Heidari, G.; Islam, S.; Hsieh, V.; Huang, J.; Zhong, C.; Humayun, A.; Hussain, R.; Hussein, N.R.; Ibitoye, S.E.; Ilesanmi, O.S.; Makki, A.; Noubiap, J.; Santric-Milicevic, M.M.; Santric-Milicevic, M.M.; Inamdar, S.; Iqbal, U.; Irham, L.M.; Ningrum, D.N.A.; Irvani, S.N.; Islam, S.; Kalhor, R.; Kalhor, R.; Kamal, Z.; Kamal, Z.; Karch, A.; Katoto, P.D.; Nnaji, C.A.; Khan, J.; Khoja, A.T.; Khubchandani, J.; Khoja, A.T.; Kim, G.; Kim, M.; Kim, M.; Kim, Y.; Kimokoti, R.W.; Kosen, S.; Kumar, A.; Kwarteng, A.; La Vecchia, C.; Landires, I.; Nu�ez-Samudio, V.; Nu�ez-Samudio, V.; Landires, I.; Lasrado, S.; Levi, M.; Levi, M.; Matthews, P.C.; Moore, C.E.; Liu, X.; Sanabria, J.; Lobo, S.W.; Lobo, S.W.; Malik, A.A.; Mantovani, L.G.; Matthews, P.C.; Medina, J.C.; Medina, J.C.; Mendoza, W.; Menezes, R.G.; Meretoja, T.J.; Meretoja, T.J.; Meretoja, T.J.; Mersha, A.G.; Mesregah, M.K.; Mestrovic, T.; Mestrovic, T.; Milne, G.J.; Mohammad, K.A.; Mohammadi, M.; Mohammed, A.; Mohammed, S.; Mohapatra, A.; Molokhia, M.; Traini, E.; Moradi, G.; Mirzaei, H.; Zamanian, M.; Moraga, P.; Mueller, U.O.; Mueller, U.O.; Munro, S.B.; Naimzada, M.; Naveed, M.; Negoi, I.; Nguyen, T.H.; Vu, L.G.; Nguyen, T.H.; Vu, L.G.; Ningrum, D.N.A.; Ogbo, F.A.; Olagunju, A.T.; Olakunde, B.O.; Onwujekwe, O.E.; Pathak, M.; Pawar, S.; Pereira, J.; Peres, M.F.P.; Peres, M.F.P.; Pirestani, M.; Pollok, R.C.G.; Postma, M.J.; Postma, M.J.; Rabiee, M.; Rezai, M.; Rahman, M.; Rahmawaty, S.; Rajesh, A.; Ranasinghe, P.; Rawaf, D.L.; Rawaf, S.; Rawaf, D.L.; Rawaf, S.; Rwegerera, G.M.; Saeb, M.; Saeed, U.; Saeed, U.; Salam, N.; Samaei, M.; Sanabria, J.; Sanmarchi, F.; Sathian, B.; Sawhney, M.; Seidu, A.; Seidu, A.; Shaikh, M.A.; Shigematsu, M.; Soheili, A.; Tan, K.; Thakur, B.; Traini, E.; Tripathi, M.; Ullah, S.; Ullah, S.; Vo, B.; Vu, G.T.; Winkler, A.S.; Winkler, A.S.; Yu, C.; Yuce, D.
    Background: Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. Methods: For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dose-specific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in country-reported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. Findings: By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81�6% [95% uncertainty interval 80�4�82�7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39�9% [37�5�42�1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38�5% [35�4�41�3] in 1980 to 83�6% [82�3�84�8] in 2019). Third-dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42�6% (41�4�44�1) in 1980 to 79�8% (78�4�81�1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56�8 million (52�6�60�9) to 14�5 million (13�4�15�9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. Interpretation: After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. � 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023-06-23T00:00:00) Ong, Kanyin Liane; Stafford, Lauryn K.; McLaughlin, Susan A.; Boyko, Edward J.; Vollset, Stein Emil; Smith, Amanda E.; Dalton, Bronte E.; Duprey, Joe; Cruz, Jessica A.; Hagins, Hailey; Lindstedt, Paulina A.; Aali, Amirali; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abate, Melsew Dagne; Abbasian, Mohammadreza; Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; ElHafeez, Samar Abd; Abd-Rabu, Rami; Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md; Abedi, Vida; Abidi, Hassan; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abu-Zaid, Ahmed; Adane, Tigist Demssew; Adane, Denberu Eshetie; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adegboye, Oyelola A.; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adepoju, Abiola Victor; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afolabi, Rotimi Felix; Agarwal, Gina; Aghdam, Zahra Babaei; Agudelo-Botero, Marcela; Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Rizwan; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Keivan; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Luai A.; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Ajami, Marjan; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali; Alalwan, Tariq A.; Al-Aly, Ziyad; AlBataineh, Mohammad T.; Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth; Alemi, Sharifullah; Ali, Hassam; Alinia, Tahereh; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Almustanyir, Sami; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Firehiwot; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Amiri, Sohrab; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ansar, Adnan; Ansari, Golnoosh; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.; Areda, Demelash; Arifin, Hidayat; Arkew, Mesay; Armocida, Benedetta; Arnlov, Johan; Artamonov, Anton A.; Arulappan, Judie; Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo; Arumugam, Ashokan; Aryan, Zahra; Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Askari, Elaheh; Asmelash, Daniel; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Athar, Mohammad; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Awaisu, Ahmed; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Darshan, B.B.; Babamohamadi, Hassan; Badar, Muhammad; Badawi, Alaa; Badiye, Ashish D.; Baghcheghi, Nayereh; Bagheri, Nasser; Bagherieh, Sara; Bah, Sulaiman; Bahadory, Saeed; Bai, Ruhai; Baig, Atif Amin; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Baradaran, Hamid Reza; Barchitta, Martina; Bardhan, Mainak; Barengo, Noel C.; Barnighausen, Till Winfried; Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Barrow, Amadou; Bashiri, Hamideh; Basiru, Afisu; Basu, Sanjay; Basu, Saurav; Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad; Batra, Kavita; Bayih, Mulat Tirfie; Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew; Behnoush, Amir Hossein; Bekele, Alehegn Bekele; Belete, Melaku Ashagrie; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Belo, Luis; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Berhe, Kidanemaryam; Berhie, Alemshet Yirga; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Ajay Nagesh; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bikbov, Boris; Bilal, Faiq; Bintoro, Bagas Suryo; Bitaraf, Saeid; Bitra, Veera R.; Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna; Bodolica, Virginia; Boloor, Archith; Brauer, Michael; Brazo-Sayavera, Javier; Brenner, Hermann; Butt, Zahid A.; Calina, Daniela; Campos, Luciana Aparecida; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Cao, Yin; Cao, Chao; Car, Josip; Carvalho, Marcia; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Cerin, Ester; Chadwick, Joshua; Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K.; Chanie, Gashaw Sisay; Charan, Jaykaran; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chauhan, Kirti; Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad; Abebe, Endeshaw Chekol; Chen, Simiao; Cherbuin, Nicolas; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chidambaram, Saravana Babu; Cho, William C. S.; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Chowdhury, Enayet Karim; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Coberly, Kaleb; Columbus, Alyssa; Contreras, Daniela; Cousin, Ewerton; Criqui, Michael H.; Cruz-Martins, Natalia; Cuschieri, Sarah; Dabo, Bashir; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura; Dandona, Rakhi; Dandona, Lalit; Das, Saswati; Dascalu, Ana Maria; Dash, Nihar Ranjan; Dashti, Mohsen; Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa; Debele, Gebiso Roba; Delpasand, Kourosh; Demisse, Fitsum Wolde; Demissie, Getu Debalkie; Deng, Xinlei; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Deo, Salil V.; Dervi�evi?, Emina; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw; Dessie, Anteneh Mengist; Desta, Fikreab; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Dey, Sourav; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhimal, Meghnath; Diao, Nancy; Diaz, Daniel; Dinu, Monica; Diress, Mengistie; Djalalinia, Shirin; Doan, Linh Phuong; Dongarwar, Deepa; dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter; Duncan, Bruce B.; Dutta, Siddhartha; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; Elgendy, Islam Y.; Elhadi, Muhammed; El-Huneidi, Waseem; Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; Elmonem, Mohamed A.; Endeshaw, Destaw; Esayas, Hawi Leul; Eshetu, Habitu Birhan; Etaee, Farshid; Fadhil, Ibtihal; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahim, Ayesha; Falahi, Shahab; Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud; Farrokhpour, Hossein; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fazli, Ghazal; Feng, Xiaoqi; Ferede, Tomas Y.; Fischer, Florian; Flood, David; Forouhari, Ali; Foroumadi, Roham; Koudehi, Masoumeh Foroutan; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Gaihre, Santosh; Gaipov, Abduzhappar; Galali, Yaseen; Ganesan, Balasankar; Garcia-Gordillo, M.A.; Gautam, Rupesh K.; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Getacher, Lemma; Ghadirian, Fataneh; Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi; Nour, Mohammad Ghasemi; Ghassemi, Fariba; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golinelli, Davide; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh; Guan, Shi-Yang; Gudayu, Temesgen Worku; Guimaraes, Rafael Alves; Guled, Rashid Abdi; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Kartik; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gyawali, Bishal; Haddadi, Rasool; Hadi, Najah R.; Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher; Hajibeygi, Ramtin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Halwani, Rabih; Hamidi, Samer; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hannan, Md Abdul; Haque, Shafiul; Harandi, Hamid; Harlianto, Netanja I.; Mahmudul Hasan, S.M.; Hasan, Syed Shahzad; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassen, Mohammed Bheser; Haubold, Johannes; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Hessami, Kamran; Hiraike, Yuta; Holla, Ramesh; Hossain, Sahadat; Hossain, Md Shakhaoat; Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Huang, Junjie; Huda, Md Nazmul; Hussain, Salman; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ikeda, Nayu; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Iqbal, Afrin; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islam, Rakibul M.; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Iwagami, Masao; Iwu, Chidozie C. D.; Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi; Iyasu, Assefa N.; Jacob, Louis; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jahrami, Haitham; Jain, Rajesh; Jaja, Chinwe; Jamalpoor, Zahra; Jamshidi, Elham; Janakiraman, Balamurugan; Jayanna, Krishnamurthy; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jayawardena, Ranil; Jebai, Rime; Jeong, Wonjeong; Jin, Yinzi; Jokar, Mohammad; Jonas, Jost B.; Joseph, Nitin; Joseph, Abel; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Kaambwa, Billingsley; Kabir, Ali; Kabthymer, Robel Hussen; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kahe, Farima; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kandel, Himal; Karanth, Shama D.; Karaye, Ibraheem M.; Karkhah, Samad; Katoto, Patrick D. M. C.; Kaur, Navjot; Kazemian, Sina; Kebede, Sewnet Adem; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khan, Moien A. B.; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Ajmal; Khanal, Saval; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khater, Amir M.; Khateri, Sorour; Khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kibret, Biruk Getahun; Kim, Min Seo; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kisa, Adnan; Kivimaki, Mika; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Komaki, Somayeh; Kompani, Farzad; Koohestani, Hamid Reza; Korzh, Oleksii; Kostev, Karel; Kothari, Nikhil; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kuddus, Md Abdul; Kumar, Rakesh; Kumar, Harish; Kundu, Satyajit; Kurniasari, Maria Dyah; Kuttikkattu, Ambily; Vecchia, Carlo La; Lallukka, Tea; Larijani, Bagher; Larsson, Anders O.; Latief, Kamaluddin; Lawal, Basira Kankia; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Le, Trang Thi Bich; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Paul H.; Lee, Sang-Woong; Lee, Seung Won; Legesse, Samson Mideksa; Lenzi, Jacopo; Li, Yongze; Li, Ming-Chieh; Lim, Stephen S.; Lim, Lee-Ling; Liu, Xuefeng; Liu, Chaojie; Lo, Chun-Han; Lopes, Graciliana; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lozano, Rafael; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Maghazachi, Azzam A.; Mahasha, Phetole Walter; Mahjoub, Soleiman; Mahmoud, Mansour Adam; Mahmoudi, Razzagh; Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh; Mai, Anh Tuan; Majeed, Azeem; Sanaye, Pantea Majma; Makris, Konstantinos Christos; Malhotra, Kashish; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Malik, Iram; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Mansouri, Borhan; Marateb, Hamid Reza; Mardi, Parham; Martini, Santi; Martorell, Miquel; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Masoudi, Reza; Masoudi, Sahar; Mathews, Elezebeth; Maugeri, Andrea; Mazzaglia, Giampiero; Mekonnen, Teferi; Meshkat, Mahboobeh; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Jonasson, Junmei Miao; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Minh, Le Huu Nhat; Mini, G.K.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Mirfakhraie, Reza; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad; Misganaw, Awoke; Misgina, Kebede Haile; Mishra, Manish; Moazen, Babak; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammadi, Esmaeil; Mohammadi, Mohsen; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammadshahi, Marita; Mohseni, Alireza; Mojiri-Forushani, Hoda; Mokdad, Ali H.; Momtazmanesh, Sara; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moniruzzaman, Md; Mons, Ute; Montazeri, Fateme; Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moodi; Moradi, Yousef; Moradi, Maryam; Sarabi, Mostafa Moradi; Morovatdar, Negar; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Morze, Jakub; Mossialos, Elias; Mostafavi, Ebrahim; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mulita, Francesk; Mulita, Admir; Murillo-Zamora, Efren; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Mwita, Julius C.; Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad; Naghavi, Mohsen; Nainu, Firzan; Nair, Tapas Sadasivan; Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid; Nangia, Vinay; Nargus, Shumaila; Naser, Abdallah Y.; Nassereldine, Hasan; Natto, Zuhair S.; Nauman, Javaid; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Ndejjo, Rawlance; Negash, Hadush; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien; Nguyen, Dang H.; Nguyen, Phat Tuan; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Nguyen, Hien Quang; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nigatu, Yeshambel T.; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nizam, Muhammad A.; Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles; Noreen, Mamoona; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Oancea, Bogdan; Odogwu, Nkechi Martina; Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade; Ojha, Vivek Anand; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Okwute, Patrick Godwin; Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.; Ordak, Michal; Ortiz, Alberto; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Oulhaj, Abderrahim; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Palladino, Raffaele; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Ashok; Pandey, Anamika; Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R.; Stoian, Anca Mihaela Pantea; Pardhan, Shahina; Parekh, Tarang; Parekh, Utsav; Pasovic, Maja; Patel, Jay; Patel, Jenil R.; Paudel, Uttam; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Pereira, Marcos; Perico, Norberto; Perna, Simone; Petcu, Ionela-Roxana; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily; Podder, Vivek; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourali, Ghazaleh; Pourtaheri, Naeimeh; Prates, Elton Junio Sady; Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd; Qattea, Ibrahim; Raee, Pourya; Rafique, Ibrar; Rahimi, Mehran; Rahimifard, Mahban; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Md Obaidur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Md Mosfequr; Rahmani, Mohamed; Rahmani, Shayan; Rahmanian, Vahid; Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum; Rahnavard, Niloufar; Rajbhandari, Bibek; Ram, Pradhum; Ramazanu, Sheena; Rana, Juwel; Rancic, Nemanja; Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz; Rao, Chythra R.; Rapaka, Deepthi; Rasali, Drona Prakash; Rashedi, Sina; Rashedi, Vahid; Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Ratan, Zubair Ahmed; Rawaf, Salman; Rawal, Lal; Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Reyes, Luis Felipe; Rezaei, Nima; Rezaei, Nazila; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Rezazadeh, Hossein; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Rias, Yohanes Andy; Riaz, Muhammad; Ribeiro, Daniela; Rodrigues, Monica; Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia; Roever, Leonardo; Rohloff, Peter; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roustazadeh, Abazar; Rwegerera, Godfrey M.; Saad, Aly M. A.; Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed; Sabour, Siamak; Sabzmakan, Leila; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Erfan; Saeed, Umar; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Safi, Sare; Safi, Sher Zaman; Saghazadeh, Amene; Sharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb; Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh Saheb; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop; Sahoo, Harihar; Saif-Ur-Rahman, K.M.; Sajid, Mirza Rizwan; Salahi, Sarvenaz; Salahi, Saina; Saleh, Mohamed A.; Salehi, Mohammad Amin; Salomon, Joshua A.; Sanabria, Juan; Sanjeev, Rama Krishna; Sanmarchi, Francesco; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.; Sarasmita, Made Ary; Sargazi, Saman; Sathian, Brijesh; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Sawhney, Monika; Schlaich, Markus P.; Schmidt, Maria Ines; Schuermans, Art; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Sethi, Yashendra; Seylani, Allen; Shabany, Maryam; Shafaghat, Tahereh; Shafeghat, Melika; Shafie, Mahan; Shah, Nilay S.; Shahid, Samiah; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shanawaz, Mohd; Shannawaz, Mohammed; Sharfaei, Sadaf; Shashamo, Bereket Beyene; Shiri, Rahman; Shittu, Aminu; Shivakumar, K.M.; Shivalli, Siddharudha; Shobeiri, Parnian; Shokri, Fereshteh; Shuval, Kerem; Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen; Silva, Luis Manuel Lopes Rodrigues; Simpson, Colin R.; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Surjit; Siraj, Md Shahjahan; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun; Soleimani, Hamidreza; Solikhah, Solikhah; Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh; Somayaji, Ranjani; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Starodubova, Antonina V.; Sujata, Sujata; Suleman, Muhammad; Sun, Jing; Sundstr�m, Johan; Tabar�s-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad; Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir; Tabish, Mohammad; Taheri, Majid; Taheri, Ensiyeh; Taki, Elahe; Tamuzi, Jacques J. L. Lukenze; Tan, Ker-Kan; Tat, Nathan Y.; Taye, Birhan Tsegaw; Temesgen, Worku Animaw; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Tesler, Riki; Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thapa, Rajshree; Tharwat, Samar; Thomas, Nihal; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera; Tiyuri, Amir; Tonelli, Marcello; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Trico, Domenico; Trihandini, Indang; Tripathy, Jaya Prasad; Tromans, Samuel Joseph; Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim; Tufa, Derara Girma; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Ullah, Sana; Upadhyay, Era; Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj; Valizadeh, Rohollah; van Daalen, Kim Robin; Vart, Priya; Varthya, Shoban Babu; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vaziri, Siavash; Verma, Madhur Verma; Verras, Georgios-Ioannis; Vo, Danh Cao; Wagaye, Birhanu; Waheed, Yasir; Wang, Ziyue; Wang, Yanqing; Wang, Cong; Wang, Fang; Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse; Wei, Melissa Y. Wei; Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay; Westerman, Ronny; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Wu, YiFan; Wulandari, Ratna D. W. I.; Xia, Juan; Xiao, Hong; Xu, Suowen; Xu, Xiaoyue; Yada, Dereje Y.; Yang, Lin; Yatsuya, Hiroshi; Yesiltepe, Metin; Yi, Siyan; Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret; Yonemoto, Naohiro; You, Yuyi; Zaman, Sojib Bin; Zamora, Nelson; Zare, Iman; Zarea, Kourosh; Zarrintan, Armin; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhong, Chenwen; Zhou, Jingjing; Zieli?ska, Magdalena; Zikarg, Yossef Teshome; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zoladl, Mohammad; Zou, Zhiyong; Zumla, Alimuddin; Zuniga, Yves Miel H.; Magliano, Dianna J.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Hay, Simon I.; Vos, Theo
    Background: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. Findings: In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500�564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6�1% (5�8�6�5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9�3% [8�7�9�9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12�3% [11�5�13�0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76�1% (73�1�79�5) in individuals aged 75�79 years. Total diabetes prevalence�especially among older adults�primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96�0% (95�1�96�8) of diabetes cases and 95�4% (94�9�95�9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52�2% (25�5�71�8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24�3% (18�5�30�4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1�31 billion (1�22�1�39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16�8% (16�1�17�6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11�3% (10�8�11�9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43�6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. Interpretation: Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. � 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license