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Item Phenological behaviour of Parthenium hysterophorus in response to climatic variations according to the extended BBCH scale(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017) Kaur, A.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kaur, S.; Singh, H.P.; Kohli, R.K.Considering the importance of ecological and biological traits in imparting invasive success to the alien species, the phenological behaviour of an alien invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus was documented according to the extended BBCH scale in four different seasons. A phenological calendar was prepared using both two- and three- digit coding system, precisely describing the developmental stages of the weed. The phenological documentation is further supplemented with the dates corresponding to a particular growth stage, pictures of the representative growth stages and meteorological data of all the four seasons. Results revealed that the phenology of the weed altered in response to the changing temperature and humidity conditions but no apparent climatic condition could inhibit its germination or flowering. However, the emergence of inflorescence was highly sensitive to the temperature/photoperiodic conditions. Variations in the phenological traits of P. hysterophorus with changing environmental conditions explain the acclimatisation potential of the weed permitting its vast spread in the non-native regions. Since the given phenological illustrations are accurate, unambiguous and coded as per an internationally recognised scale, they could be exploited for agronomic practices, weed management programmes, and research purposes. ? 2017 Association of Applied BiologistsItem Alterations in photosynthetic pigments, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism in a wild plant Coronopus didymus L. (Brassicaceae) under lead stress(Polish Academy of Sciences, 2017) Sidhu, G.P.S.; Singh, H.P.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.Coronopus didymus has been emerged as a promising wild, unpalatable plant species to alleviate lead (Pb) from the contaminated soils. This work investigated the hypothesis regarding various metabolic adaptations of C. didymus under lead (Pb) stress. In pot experiments, we assessed the effect of Pb at varied concentrations (500?2900?mg?kg?1) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, alteration of macromolecular (protein and carbohydrate) content, and activities of enzymes like protease, ?-and ?-amylase, peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in C. didymus for 6?weeks. Results revealed that Pb exposure enhanced the growth, protein, and carbohydrate level, but decreased the leaf pigment concentration and activities of hydrolytic enzymes. The activities of POX and PPO in roots increased progressively by ~337 and 675%, respectively, over the control, at 2900?mg?kg?1 Pb treatment. Likewise, contemporaneous findings were noticed in shoots of C. didymus, strongly indicating its inherent potential to cope Pb-induced stress. Furthermore, the altered plant biochemical status and upregulated metabolic activities of POX and PPO indulged in polyphenol peroxidation elucidate their role in allocating protection and conferring resistance against Pb instigated stress. The current work suggests that stress induced by Pb in C. didymus stimulated the POX and PPO activities which impart a decisive role in detoxification of peaked Pb levels, perhaps, by forming physical barrier or lignifications. ? 2017, Franciszek G?rski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, KrakItem Tolerance and hyperaccumulation of cadmium by a wild, unpalatable herb Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. (Brassicaceae)(Academic Press, 2017) Sidhu, G.P.S.; Singh, H.P.; Batish, Daizy R.; Kohli, R.K.The potential of a wild, unpalatable plant Coronopus didymus was investigated for the first time in terms of its capability to tolerate and accumulate cadmium (Cd) for phytoremediation purposes. A screenhouse experiment for 6 weeks was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cd from 100 to 400?mg?kg?1 on growth, biomass, photosynthetic apparatus, Cd uptake and accumulation in C. didymus plants. Application of Cd facilitates the growth of the plants whereas at higher levels a slight reduction was noticed. The concentration of Cd in roots and shoots reached a maximum of 867.2 and 864.5?mg?kg?1 DW respectively, at 400?mg?kg?1?Cd treatment. Cd exposure increased the generation of superoxide anion (O2??), H2O2 content, MDA level and antioxidative response (SOD, CAT and POD) in roots and shoots of C. didymus. However, a slight decline in SOD and CAT activities were noticed in roots at highest Cd treatment (400?mg?kg?1). The bioconcentration (BCF) values for all the concentrations were ?1 and the translocation factor (TF) values were ? 1 at lower level but reached 1 at highest Cd concentration. Thus, C. didymus satisfies the conditions required for hyperaccumulator plants and may be practically employed to alleviate Cd from contaminated soils. ? 2016 Elsevier Inc.Item The impact of invasive Hyptis suaveolens on the floristic composition of the periurban ecosystems of Chandigarh, northwestern India(Elsevier GmbH, 2017) Sharma, A.; Batish, Daizy R.; Singh, H.P.; Jaryan, V.; Kohli, R.K.We investigated the impact of invasive Hyptis suaveolens on the natural vegetation and soil of the periurban ecosystems of Chandigarh (Northwestern India), in terms of declines in species number, importance value index (IVI), richness, diversity, evenness, and changes in soil pH, conductivity and organic matter. The number of species declined by 46?52% in the areas massively invaded by H. suaveolens. The richness, diversity, dominance and evenness of species were severely reduced in the invaded areas compared to uninvaded areas. The reasons for this strong impact may be attributed to the vigorous growth of the weed in the invaded areas. Invaded areas were characterized by high cover of the exotic species. Several economically important species like Justicia adhatoda, Anisomeles indica, Carissa carandas, Dioscorea deltoidea, Murraya koenigii and Paspalidium flavidum were conspicuously absent in the invaded areas, though present in the uninvaded areas. Absence of these species in the areas invaded by H. suaveolens may pose socio-economic problems for the local people. Further, alterations were also noticed in the pH, conductivity, organic carbon and organic matter of the soil of invaded areas. Based on these observations, it was concluded that invasion of H. suaveolens has a marked influence on the vegetation of periurban ecosystems, and causes depletion of several economically important species. The present study calls for an immediate action for the management of this noxious alien weed. ? 2017 Elsevier GmbH